CN113057258A - Environment-friendly organic pig feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly organic pig feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly organic pig feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of grain mixture, 25-50 parts of agricultural and sideline crop mixture, 1-5 parts of amino acid, 0.5-3 parts of mineral substance, 0.2-1.2 parts of organic additive, 0.02-0.06 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics. The organic pig feed prepared by the invention mainly contains components from plants and microorganisms, does not contain antibiotics, has no toxic or side effect on fed pigs, and has strong environmental protection; in addition, the organic pig feed prepared by the invention is rich in nutrition and reasonable in matching, and can improve meat quality, improve resistance of the bred pigs and reduce diseases while ensuring that the bred pigs meet basic nutrition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic pig feed, and particularly relates to environment-friendly organic pig feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the long-term use of antibiotics in the pig industry, reports of negative effects of the antibiotics are continuously reported, such as the generation of drug resistance by pathogenic bacteria, drug residues of animal products, the fact that people become hosts of drug-resistant flora and the like, and the defects of the antibiotics in the animal husbandry are increasingly highlighted. Practice proves that the earlier the antibiotic feed is used, the larger the dosage is, the more pathogenic and more harmful drug-resistant escherichia coli can be cultivated. If a large amount of antibiotics are used for a long time, the intestinal flora of the swinery is disordered, harmful bacteria in the body are propagated in a large amount, dyspepsia is caused, the utilization rate of the feed is not high, and the growth speed is reduced. Therefore, the development of an environment-friendly organic pig feed is a research hotspot of animal nutrition in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the environment-friendly organic pig feed and the preparation method thereof, so that the prepared organic pig feed has the advantages of environment friendliness and high utilization rate, the resistance of bred pigs is improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly organic pig feed, which comprises the following components by weight:
100-200 parts of grain mixture, 25-50 parts of agricultural and sideline crop mixture, 1-5 parts of amino acid, 0.5-3 parts of mineral substance, 0.2-1.2 parts of organic additive, 0.02-0.06 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics.
Preferably, the components of the grain mixture include at least three of corn, barley, wheat, soy, peanut, sorghum, field beans, peas.
Preferably, the subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1-1.5: 1-2.5: 0.5-1.
Preferably, the bran comprises at least two of rice bran, wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran, peanut vine bran, broad bean leaf bran and soybean straw bran; the cake dregs comprise at least two of rapeseed cake, peanut cake, cotton seed cake, soybean cake and sesame cake; the residue comprises at least two of distiller's grains, bran grains, vinegar grains, powder residue, bean dregs and bagasse.
Preferably, the amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of lysine to gamma-aminobutyric acid to methionine to tryptophan is 1: 0.5-0.8: 0.6-1.2: 0.2-0.6.
Preferably, the minerals comprise common salt, calcium minerals and phosphorus minerals; wherein the calcium mineral comprises at least one of shell powder, egg shell powder, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
Preferably, the probiotic bacteria comprise bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of bacillus is at least 3.8 x 108CFU/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the organic additive comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing tartaric acid, adding the tartaric acid into deionized water, fully stirring, sequentially adding microcrystalline cellulose and a solubilizer after the tartaric acid is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, placing the mixture in a water bath at 45-55 ℃, stirring and reacting for 8-10 h, filtering, washing collected solids with water at 45-55 ℃ for at least three times, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a microcrystalline cellulose treated substance;
wherein the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the deionized water is 1: 6-12, and the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the microcrystalline cellulose to the solubilizer is 1: 3.2-8.6: 0.13-0.17;
s2, weighing phenylethanoid glycosides, adding the phenylethanoid glycosides into deionized water, and fully stirring to obtain a phenylethanoid glycoside solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the phenylethanoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 10-15;
s3, adding the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance into deionized water, placing the mixture into a reactor, mechanically stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, placing the reactor into an oil bath at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, dropwise adding a phenylethanoid glycoside solution by using a dropper, and continuously stirring the mixture for reaction for 4-6 hours after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain reaction treatment liquid;
wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance to the deionized water is 1: 8-12; the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment product to the phenylethanoid glycoside solution is 1: 6-9;
s4, cooling the reaction treatment liquid to 55-65 ℃, dripping a heated calcium lactate solution into the reaction treatment liquid, continuously stirring to form uniform liquid, then quickly transferring the reactor to an ice-water bath condition, continuously stirring for 1-3 h, then placing the reactor in a refrigerator at 4-10 ℃ for standing for at least 6h, quickly performing suction filtration after removing the reactor from the refrigerator, and freeze-drying filter residues obtained by suction filtration to obtain the organic additive;
wherein the mass fraction of the hot calcium lactate solution is 4-5%; the mass ratio of the reaction treatment liquid to the calcium lactate solution is 1: 0.03-0.08.
Preferably, the solubilizer is at least one of tween 20, tween 40, tween 60 and tween 80.
Preferably, the phenylethanoid glycosides are extracted from cistanche deserticola by alcohol extraction and water precipitation.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly organic pig feed, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the organic additive, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, so as to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses an environment-friendly organic pig feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the prepared organic pig feed mainly comprises the components of plants and microorganisms, does not contain antibiotics, has no toxic or side effect on fed pigs, and has stronger environment-friendliness; in addition, the organic pig feed prepared by the invention is rich in nutrition and reasonable in matching, and can improve meat quality, improve resistance of the bred pigs and reduce diseases while ensuring that the bred pigs meet basic nutrition.
2. The main raw materials used in the feed provided by the invention are plant fruits and byproducts, namely a grain mixture and a subsidiary crop mixture, wherein the subsidiary crop mixture accounts for about 40% of the total amount of the environment-friendly organic pig feed, so that not only can biological organic matters be fully utilized, but also the use of grain crops such as the grain mixture and the like can be effectively reduced, and the aim of saving grains can be achieved.
3. The added amino acid can make the fed pigs more thrive, and the amino acid is involved in the synthesis of body protein such as skeletal muscle, enzyme and polypeptide hormone in the bodies of the big pigs; in the absence of available carbohydrate, it can be involved in the metabolism to produce ketone bodies and glucose; the acid-base balance in the body is maintained; participate in fat metabolism; in addition, the capability of resisting stress of the body can be improved.
4. The added mineral can reduce the pH value of the feed, reduce the dilution of the feed on gastric acid and ensure the balance of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. The complex enzyme preparation is added, so that the anti-nutritional factors in the feed can be effectively decomposed, the nutrient substances are released, the anti-nutritional factors can be sufficiently digested and absorbed, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the production performance of animals is improved.
6. The probiotics are added, diarrhea can be prevented and treated, strong beneficial flora can be formed after the probiotics enter the intestinal tracts of animals, so that the mixed bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tracts of the animals can be cleaned, the balance of the intestinal flora is adjusted, the defecation of the animals is normal, the absorption is good, the digestion is good, the feed conversion ratio is reduced, and the animals are slaughtered in advance.
7. In addition, the organic additive is additionally added, the components of the organic additive are all prepared from natural products, and the organic additive can play the roles of resisting virus, bacteria, inflammation and pain, reducing blood pressure and easing pain without adding antibiotics, so that the resistance of the bred pigs is improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced. In addition, the feed additive can also play an auxiliary role with probiotics and complex enzyme preparations, maintain the in vivo balance of pigs, promote growth and development, improve immunity, improve feed digestibility and reduce diarrhea rate.
8. The organic additive is a porous microsphere prepared by using microcrystalline cellulose, phenylethanoid glycoside and calcium lactate as main materials. Microcrystalline cellulose is a white, odorless and tasteless crystalline powder composed of free-flowing, extremely fine, short rod-like or powdery porous particles of natural cellulose hydrolyzed with dilute acid to a limiting degree of polymerization (LOOP). Phenylethanoid glycosides are compounds widely existing in plants, have wide and remarkable pharmacological activity, are main active ingredients of many traditional Chinese medicines, can clear free radicals and resist lipid peroxidation, also have a certain anti-tumor effect, can protect the liver, enhance the immune function, protect nerve cells, and also have the effects of resisting viruses, bacteria, inflammation, blood pressure and pain.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of more clearly illustrating the present invention and more clearly understanding the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will now be described in detail below, but are not to be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
In the preparation process of the organic additive of the present invention, microcrystalline cellulose is called cellulose, but it is not fibrous, insoluble in water and organic solvents, and generally amorphous, extremely fluid, and has a small specific surface area, and thus it is difficult to prepare microspheres. The surface of the microcrystalline cellulose is modified by tartaric acid, so that the surface of the microcrystalline cellulose is activated and grafted with a large number of carboxyl groups, then the microcrystalline cellulose is combined and agglomerated through stable chemical bonds by reacting with phenylethanoid glycosides, hydroxyl groups in phenylethanoid glycoside molecules are reacted with the carboxyl groups grafted on the surface of the microcrystalline cellulose, and then calcium lactate is added, so that organic groups in the calcium lactate can be further combined with the microcrystalline cellulose in a guiding way, and the microcrystalline cellulose is crystallized to form microspherical particles after being stirred in an ice-water bath and refrigerated and standing, and then the microspherical particles are freeze-dried to form porous microspherical particles. Therefore, the organic additive prepared by the invention has a slow release effect due to the unique structure, and because the microcrystalline cellulose is difficult to dissolve and is easy to adhere to the inner walls of the esophagus and other organs of the pig after being modified, a large amount of the microcrystalline cellulose can exist in the body of the pig, so that the phenylethanoid glycoside and even calcium ions in the pig can be slowly released, the pig health can be stably protected, the diarrhea rate of the pig is reduced, and the immunity is improved.
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
150 parts of grain mixture, 35 parts of subsidiary crop mixture, 3 parts of amino acid, 2 parts of mineral substance, 0.8 part of organic additive, 0.04 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics.
The cereal mixture comprises corn, wheat, soybean, peanut, and pea.
The subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1.2:1.8: 0.7.
The bran comprises rice bran, wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran and peanut vine bran; the cake dregs comprise rapeseed cake, peanut cake and soybean cake; the residue comprises distiller's grains, vinegar residue and bagasse.
The amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of the lysine to the gamma-aminobutyric acid to the methionine to the tryptophan is 1:0.7:0.9: 0.4.
The mineral comprises salt, calcium mineral and phosphorus mineral; wherein the calcium mineral comprises shell powder and eggshell powder, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
The compound enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
The probiotic bacteria comprise Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Bacillus is at least 3.8 × 108CFU/g。
The preparation method of the organic additive comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing tartaric acid, adding the tartaric acid into deionized water, fully stirring, sequentially adding microcrystalline cellulose and a solubilizer after the tartaric acid is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, placing the mixture in a water bath at 45-55 ℃, stirring and reacting for 8-10 h, filtering, washing collected solids with water at 45-55 ℃ for at least three times, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a microcrystalline cellulose treated substance;
wherein the mass ratio of tartaric acid to deionized water is 1: 6-12, and the mass ratio of tartaric acid, microcrystalline cellulose and solubilizer is 1:5.9: 0.15;
s2, weighing phenylethanoid glycosides, adding the phenylethanoid glycosides into deionized water, and fully stirring to obtain a phenylethanoid glycoside solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the phenylethanoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 12;
s3, adding the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance into deionized water, placing the mixture into a reactor, mechanically stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, placing the reactor into an oil bath at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, dropwise adding a phenylethanoid glycoside solution by using a dropper, and continuously stirring the mixture for reaction for 4-6 hours after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain reaction treatment liquid;
wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance to the deionized water is 1: 10; the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment product to the phenylethanoid glycoside solution is 1: 8;
s4, cooling the reaction treatment liquid to 55-65 ℃, dripping a heated calcium lactate solution into the reaction treatment liquid, continuously stirring to form uniform liquid, then quickly transferring the reactor to an ice-water bath condition, continuously stirring for 1-3 h, then placing the reactor in a refrigerator at 4-10 ℃ for standing for at least 6h, quickly performing suction filtration after removing the reactor from the refrigerator, and freeze-drying filter residues obtained by suction filtration to obtain the organic additive;
wherein the mass fraction of the hot calcium lactate solution is 4.5%; the mass ratio of the reaction treatment liquid to the calcium lactate solution was 1: 0.05.
The solubilizer is Tween 20.
The phenylethanoid glycosides are extracted from cistanche deserticola by alcohol extraction and water precipitation.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the organic additive, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, so as to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
Example 2
The environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of grain mixture, 25 parts of subsidiary crop mixture, 1 part of amino acid, 0.5 part of mineral substance, 0.2 part of organic additive, 0.02 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1 part of probiotics.
The grain mixture comprises corn, barley, sorghum, and broad bean.
The subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1:1: 0.5.
The bran comprises rice bran, sweet potato vine bran, broad bean leaf bran and soybean straw bran; the cake dregs comprise peanut cake, soybean cake and sesame cake; the residue comprises distiller's grains, bean dregs and bagasse.
The amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of the lysine to the gamma-aminobutyric acid to the methionine to the tryptophan is 1:0.5:0.6: 0.2.
The mineral comprises salt, calcium mineral and phosphorus mineral; wherein the calcium mineral comprises at least one of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
The compound enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
The probiotic bacteria comprise Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Bacillus is at least 3.8 × 108CFU/g。
The preparation method of the organic additive comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing tartaric acid, adding the tartaric acid into deionized water, fully stirring, sequentially adding microcrystalline cellulose and a solubilizer after the tartaric acid is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, placing the mixture in a water bath at 45-55 ℃, stirring and reacting for 8-10 h, filtering, washing collected solids with water at 45-55 ℃ for at least three times, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a microcrystalline cellulose treated substance;
wherein the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the deionized water is 1:6, and the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the microcrystalline cellulose to the solubilizer is 1:3.2: 0.13;
s2, weighing phenylethanoid glycosides, adding the phenylethanoid glycosides into deionized water, and fully stirring to obtain a phenylethanoid glycoside solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the phenylethanoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 10;
s3, adding the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance into deionized water, placing the mixture into a reactor, mechanically stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, placing the reactor into an oil bath at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, dropwise adding a phenylethanoid glycoside solution by using a dropper, and continuously stirring the mixture for reaction for 4-6 hours after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain reaction treatment liquid;
wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance to the deionized water is 1: 8; the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment product to the phenylethanoid glycoside solution is 1: 6;
s4, cooling the reaction treatment liquid to 55-65 ℃, dripping a heated calcium lactate solution into the reaction treatment liquid, continuously stirring to form uniform liquid, then quickly transferring the reactor to an ice-water bath condition, continuously stirring for 1-3 h, then placing the reactor in a refrigerator at 4-10 ℃ for standing for at least 6h, quickly performing suction filtration after removing the reactor from the refrigerator, and freeze-drying filter residues obtained by suction filtration to obtain the organic additive;
wherein the mass fraction of the hot calcium lactate solution is 4%; the mass ratio of the reaction treatment liquid to the calcium lactate solution is 1: 0.03.
The solubilizer is Tween 80.
The phenylethanoid glycosides are extracted from cistanche deserticola by alcohol extraction and water precipitation.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the organic additive, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, so as to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
Example 3
The environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
200 parts of grain mixture, 50 parts of subsidiary crop mixture, 5 parts of amino acid, 3 parts of mineral substances, 1.2 parts of organic additive, 0.06 part of complex enzyme preparation and 6 parts of probiotics.
The cereal mixture comprises corn, wheat, soybean, and pea.
The subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1.5:2.5: 1.
The bran comprises wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran, broad bean leaf bran and soybean straw bran; the cake dregs comprise cotton seed cake, soybean cake, and sesame cake; the residue comprises bran residue, powder residue, bean dregs and bagasse.
The amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of the lysine to the gamma-aminobutyric acid to the methionine to the tryptophan is 1:0.8:1.2: 0.6.
The mineral comprises salt, calcium mineral and phosphorus mineral; wherein the calcium mineral comprises at least one of shell powder, egg shell powder, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
The compound enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
The probiotic bacteria comprise Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Bacillus is at least 3.8 × 108CFU/g。
The preparation method of the organic additive comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing tartaric acid, adding the tartaric acid into deionized water, fully stirring, sequentially adding microcrystalline cellulose and a solubilizer after the tartaric acid is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, placing the mixture in a water bath at 45-55 ℃, stirring and reacting for 8-10 h, filtering, washing collected solids with water at 45-55 ℃ for at least three times, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a microcrystalline cellulose treated substance;
wherein the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the deionized water is 1:12, and the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the microcrystalline cellulose to the solubilizer is 1:8.6: 0.17;
s2, weighing phenylethanoid glycosides, adding the phenylethanoid glycosides into deionized water, and fully stirring to obtain a phenylethanoid glycoside solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the phenylethanoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 15;
s3, adding the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance into deionized water, placing the mixture into a reactor, mechanically stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, placing the reactor into an oil bath at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, dropwise adding a phenylethanoid glycoside solution by using a dropper, and continuously stirring the mixture for reaction for 4-6 hours after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain reaction treatment liquid;
wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance to the deionized water is 1: 12; the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment product to the phenylethanoid glycoside solution is 1: 9;
s4, cooling the reaction treatment liquid to 55-65 ℃, dripping a heated calcium lactate solution into the reaction treatment liquid, continuously stirring to form uniform liquid, then quickly transferring the reactor to an ice-water bath condition, continuously stirring for 1-3 h, then placing the reactor in a refrigerator at 4-10 ℃ for standing for at least 6h, quickly performing suction filtration after removing the reactor from the refrigerator, and freeze-drying filter residues obtained by suction filtration to obtain the organic additive;
wherein the mass fraction of the hot calcium lactate solution is 5%; the mass ratio of the reaction treatment liquid to the calcium lactate solution was 1: 0.08.
The solubilizer is Tween 60.
The phenylethanoid glycosides are extracted from cistanche deserticola by alcohol extraction and water precipitation.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the organic additive, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, so as to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
Comparative example 1
The environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
150 parts of grain mixture, 35 parts of subsidiary crop mixture, 3 parts of amino acid, 2 parts of mineral substances, 0.04 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics.
The cereal mixture comprises corn, wheat, soybean, peanut, and pea.
The subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1.2:1.8: 0.7.
The bran comprises rice bran, wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran and peanut vine bran; the cake dregs comprise rapeseed cake, peanut cake and soybean cake; the residue comprises distiller's grains, vinegar residue and bagasse.
The amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of the lysine to the gamma-aminobutyric acid to the methionine to the tryptophan is 1:0.7:0.9: 0.4.
The mineral comprises salt, calcium mineral and phosphorus mineral; wherein the calcium mineral comprises shell powder and eggshell powder, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
The compound enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
The probiotic bacteria comprise Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Bacillus is at least 3.8 × 108CFU/g。
The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
Comparative example 2
The environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
150 parts of grain mixture, 35 parts of subsidiary crop mixture, 3 parts of amino acid, 2 parts of mineral substance, 0.8 part of phenylethanoid glycoside, 0.04 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics.
The cereal mixture comprises corn, wheat, soybean, peanut, and pea.
The subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1.2:1.8: 0.7.
The bran comprises rice bran, wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran and peanut vine bran; the cake dregs comprise rapeseed cake, peanut cake and soybean cake; the residue comprises distiller's grains, vinegar residue and bagasse.
The amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of the lysine to the gamma-aminobutyric acid to the methionine to the tryptophan is 1:0.7:0.9: 0.4.
The mineral comprises salt, calcium mineral and phosphorus mineral; wherein the calcium mineral comprises shell powder and eggshell powder, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
The compound enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
The probiotic bacteria comprise Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Bacillus is at least 3.8 × 108CFU/g。
The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the phenylethanoid glycoside, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, thereby obtaining the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
For more clearly explaining the invention, 100 healthy piglets in a pig farm with the age of about 3 months are equally divided into five groups, the five groups of piglets are arranged in four pens, except for different feeds, the feeding temperature, humidity and other environments are completely the same, sufficient water is ensured in each pen, the feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the piglets, and the feeding is divided into three times of feeding at 10 am, 14 am and 22 pm.
The environment-friendly organic pig feed prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 of the invention is subjected to performance detection and comparison, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 feeding conditions of different groups of piglets
As can be seen from Table 1, the average weight of piglets fed in the examples 1-3 of the present invention exceeds that of comparative example 1 by about 3-5 kg in 1 month of cultivation, and the average weight of piglets fed in 2 months exceeds that of comparative example 1 by about 7-8 kg, and the diarrhea rate of comparative example 1 is about 4-8 times that of the piglets fed in the examples 1-3 of the present invention and the diarrhea rate of comparative example 2 is about 2-4 times that of the piglets fed in the examples 1-3 of the present invention, in conclusion, it is suspected that the average weight of piglets in the comparative example 1 is lower due to weak resistance, indigestion and even severe diarrhea after 1 month or 2 months of cultivation, and the piglets in the comparative example 2 may be caused by too short time for the phlorizin vivo retention or low absorption rate of ethanol, and it is laterally confirmed that the feeds prepared in the examples 1-3 of the present invention have good palatability, Absorbability and effect of relieving diarrhea rate.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The environment-friendly organic pig feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100-200 parts of grain mixture, 25-50 parts of agricultural and sideline crop mixture, 1-5 parts of amino acid, 0.5-3 parts of mineral substance, 0.2-1.2 parts of organic additive, 0.02-0.06 part of complex enzyme preparation and 1-6 parts of probiotics.
2. The environmentally friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the components of the grain mixture comprise at least three of corn, barley, wheat, soybean, peanut, sorghum, broad bean and pea.
3. The environment-friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the subsidiary agricultural crop mixture comprises a mixture of bran, cake and dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the cake and the dregs is 1-1.5: 1-2.5: 0.5-1.
4. The environment-friendly organic pig feed according to claim 3, wherein the bran comprises at least two of rice bran, wheat bran, sweet potato vine bran, peanut vine bran, broad bean leaf bran and soybean straw bran; the cake dregs comprise at least two of rapeseed cake, peanut cake, cotton seed cake, soybean cake and sesame cake; the residue comprises at least two of distiller's grains, bran grains, vinegar grains, powder residue, bean dregs and bagasse.
5. The environment-friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the amino acid comprises lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methionine and tryptophan, wherein the mass ratio of lysine to gamma-aminobutyric acid to methionine to tryptophan is 1: 0.5-0.8: 0.6-1.2: 0.2-0.6.
6. The environmentally friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the minerals comprise common salt, calcium minerals and phosphorus minerals; wherein the calcium mineral comprises at least one of shell powder, egg shell powder, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, and the phosphorus mineral is calcium phosphate.
7. The environment-friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the complex enzyme preparation comprises protease, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.
8. The environmentally friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the probiotic bacteria comprise bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of bacillus is at least 3.8 x 108CFU/g。
9. The environment-friendly organic pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the organic additive comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing tartaric acid, adding the tartaric acid into deionized water, fully stirring, sequentially adding microcrystalline cellulose and a solubilizer after the tartaric acid is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5-1 h, placing the mixture in a water bath at 45-55 ℃, stirring and reacting for 8-10 h, filtering, washing collected solids with water at 45-55 ℃ for at least three times, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a microcrystalline cellulose treated substance;
wherein the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the deionized water is 1: 6-12, and the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the microcrystalline cellulose to the solubilizer is 1: 3.2-8.6: 0.13-0.17;
s2, weighing phenylethanoid glycosides, adding the phenylethanoid glycosides into deionized water, and fully stirring to obtain a phenylethanoid glycoside solution;
wherein the mass ratio of the phenylethanoid glycoside to the deionized water is 1: 10-15;
s3, adding the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance into deionized water, placing the mixture into a reactor, mechanically stirring the mixture until the mixture is uniform, placing the reactor into an oil bath at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, dropwise adding a phenylethanoid glycoside solution by using a dropper, and continuously stirring the mixture for reaction for 4-6 hours after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain reaction treatment liquid;
wherein the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment substance to the deionized water is 1: 8-12; the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose treatment product to the phenylethanoid glycoside solution is 1: 6-9;
s4, cooling the reaction treatment liquid to 55-65 ℃, dripping a heated calcium lactate solution into the reaction treatment liquid, continuously stirring to form uniform liquid, then quickly transferring the reactor to an ice-water bath condition, continuously stirring for 1-3 h, then placing the reactor in a refrigerator at 4-10 ℃ for standing for at least 6h, quickly performing suction filtration after removing the reactor from the refrigerator, and freeze-drying filter residues obtained by suction filtration to obtain the organic additive;
wherein the mass fraction of the hot calcium lactate solution is 4-5%; the mass ratio of the reaction treatment liquid to the calcium lactate solution is 1: 0.03-0.08.
10. The preparation method of the environment-friendly organic pig feed is used for preparing the environment-friendly organic pig feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing the grain mixture and the crop and subsidiary crop mixture, and sieving the crushed mixture with a sieve of 10-20 meshes to obtain a premix;
and 2, mixing the amino acid, the mineral substance, the organic additive, the complex enzyme preparation and the probiotics, adding the mixture into a premix, and uniformly mixing to prepare particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm, so as to obtain the environment-friendly organic pig feed.
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