CN107361247B - Grass carp cultivation feed and cultivation method thereof - Google Patents

Grass carp cultivation feed and cultivation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107361247B
CN107361247B CN201710662850.1A CN201710662850A CN107361247B CN 107361247 B CN107361247 B CN 107361247B CN 201710662850 A CN201710662850 A CN 201710662850A CN 107361247 B CN107361247 B CN 107361247B
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grass carp
powder
feed
soapstone
water
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CN107361247A (en
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潘淦
许爱娱
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Guangdong Jinyang Aquaculture Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention relates to a grass carp culture feed and a culture method thereof, wherein the grass carp culture feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of algae powder particles, 10-15% of modified soap stone powder, 1-3% of micronutrients, 10-20% of adhesive and 40-50% of fermented residue mixture. When the grass carp is fed by the feed and the feeding method provided by the invention for 6 months, the survival rate of the grass carp is 100%, and the weight growth multiple is 11.07-12.16. Through detection, the harvested grass carp has rich protein content, lower fat content and delicious meat quality; meanwhile, the contents of pathogenic bacteria such as aeromonas hydrophila, enterotype punctate aeromonas, guinea pig aeromonas, escherichia coli and enterococcus which are easy to cause gastroenteritis in the grass carp intestinal tract are reduced, and the contents of probiotics such as: the content of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium is increased, and the risk of the grass carp suffering from enterogastritis can be effectively reduced.

Description

Grass carp cultivation feed and cultivation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fish culture method, in particular to a grass carp culture feed and a grass carp culture method.
Background
China is a big fish-farming country in the world and is also the earliest developing country of freshwater fish in the world. Among them, grass carp (grass carp) is one of the four unique Chinese family fishes, is a common variety of freshwater fish, has rich nutrition and high protein content, has the characteristics of high growth speed, strong adaptability and high yield, and is one of the favorite cultivation varieties of farmers. At present, grass carp occupies a considerable proportion in freshwater fish culture in China, and is a culture variety with the largest global yield and consumption.
Grass carp is a large-sized herbivorous fish, and generally moves in the middle and lower layers of a water layer, and sometimes forages to the upper layer of the water layer. The feeding property of grass carps changes in various growth periods, and in the fry period, the grass carps mainly feed plankton such as juvenile fish and aquatic insects; when the body length of the grass carp is over 50mm, the feeding habit begins to change to grass eating; when the body length reaches more than 100mm, the feeding habit is basically completely changed to the herbivory, and mainly aquatic higher plants such as duckweed, herba Equiseti Ramosissimi, herba Swertiae Dilutae and the like are ingested. However, if the cultured grass carps are only thrown to feed grass, the requirement of the grass carps on nutrition is far from being met. In the aspect of grass carp culture, the compound feed is widely applied, the growth of grass carps is promoted, and the development of an intensive culture mode of the grass carps is promoted. However, intensive culture requires a large amount of intensive feed, so that a large amount of bait residues and excrement are left, water resources are short, the water exchange capacity is weakened, the eutrophication degree of culture water is increased, various diseases frequently occur, enteritis, red skin diseases and gill rot of the grass carps occur, and parasite phenomena occur simultaneously, so that the grass carps die in large quantities. Aiming at the problem of high morbidity of grass carps, the most common method is to feed various feed additives containing chemical drugs such as antibiotics and the like, which not only influences the water quality, but also accumulates the antibiotics in the grass carps and causes the generation of drug resistance, and the antibiotics can enter human bodies along with the eating of various fish products by people, thereby indirectly causing the abuse of the antibiotics and possibly causing various drug-induced diseases.
In addition, the feeds available on the market contain high contents of protein and fat in addition to vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers. The fish fed by the feed for a long time has more fat, poor taste and reduced delicate flavor, and can not meet the quality requirements of people on aquatic products. The domestic scholars improve the culture method and the feed formula of the grass carps to improve the survival rate of the grass carps, promote the growth of the grass carps, shorten the culture period and improve the meat quality of the grass carps, for example, the Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN 102293174B, namely the grass carps culture method, adopts a high-density stocking mode to culture the grass carps by using wheat bran, unite bran, bean pulp, rapeseed pulp, malus asiatica, fish meal, beer yeast, zeolite powder, salt, a mildew preventive and an adhesive, improves the immunity of the grass carps, reduces fish diseases, greatly reduces the input amount of the feed, reduces the production cost, and the harvested grass carps have long bodies, low fat content, tight scales, strong meat, toughness and good flavor and taste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a grass carp culture feed and a grass carp culture method thereof.
The invention provides a grass carp culture feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-30% of algae powder particles, 10-15% of modified soap stone powder, 1-3% of micronutrients, 10-20% of adhesive and 40-50% of fermented residue mixture.
The modified soapstone powder is soapstone powder with a polyarginine coated surface, soapstone raw ore is used as a preparation raw material, soapstone raw powder is prepared after refining and purification, hollow microspheres are prepared through a certain process, then the hollow microspheres react with polyarginine under a certain condition, and finally soapstone powder with a polyarginine film layer coated surface is prepared, wherein the preparation of the soapstone raw powder comprises the following steps:
taking and crushing the soapstone raw ore by high-speed impact, then removing impurities by grading by using a cyclone, adding purified water for wet flotation, standing for 24 hours, removing supernatant and sediments, taking and drying the middle layer, and crushing again in a high-speed vortex mill to obtain soapstone raw powder.
Specifically, the preparation of the modified soap stone powder comprises the following steps:
(1) adding purified water into the soapstone powder raw powder to prepare a suspension with the weight concentration of 1.5-2% (m/v), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min, then sealing in a high-pressure steam pot, treating at 180 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to take precipitates, washing 1-2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 4-6 h to obtain the hollow microspheres;
(2) and (2) dispersing the hollow microspheres prepared in the step (1) in water, adding poly-arginine, wherein the weight ratio of the hollow microspheres to the poly-arginine is 2-4: 1, stirring until the poly-arginine is completely dissolved, then adding a proper amount of sodium stearate to enable the final concentration of the sodium stearate in a system to be 1-5% (m/v), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-5 min, centrifuging to obtain precipitates, washing for 1-2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, and separating by using a classifier to obtain the soapstone powder with the surface coated with the poly-arginine.
The soapstone is a silicate mineral without smell and radioactive elements, is soft in texture, simple in mineral components and free of components harmful to human bodies, but most of the mineral components are hydrophobic substances, and the soapstone and a hydrophilic substance poly-arginine are difficult to generate cross-linking complex reaction. The inventor adds a certain amount of sodium stearate to promote the crosslinking complex reaction between the polyarginine and the hollow saponite microbeads, the hydrophilic group of the sodium stearate reacts with the polyarginine, the hydrophobic group reacts with the hollow saponite microbeads, and the polyarginine is promoted to be coated on the surfaces of the saponite powders through the activation of the sodium stearate.
Further, the micronutrients are composed of biotin, lipoic acid, inositol and dithiothreitol in a weight ratio of 1:0.6:1: 2.
The adhesive is composed of konjac powder and wheat gluten in a weight ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6.
Preferably, the adhesive consists of konjac powder and wheat gluten in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5.
Further, the algae powder particles are prepared by taking at least one of chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus, crescent moon algae, dunaliella salina and platymonas as raw materials, drying, crushing and sieving, and the particle size of the algae powder particles is 150-200 meshes.
The fermented residue mixture is prepared by plant coarse powder through a certain fermentation process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing soybean meal, peanut meal, garlic powder and trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim powder according to equal weight ratio, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, adding water to adjust the water content of dry materials to 50-60%, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0 by using 1% of calcium hydroxide, adding mixed bacteria of 4-6% (m/m) of the total weight of the dry materials, fermenting for 24 hours at 28 ℃ under ventilation condition, drying the fermented product, cooling to room temperature, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dregs mixture.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed for culturing grass carp, which comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing algae powder particles, modified soapstone powder, micronutrients and a mixture of fermented dregs according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, adding a binding agent solution which is diluted into 10% (m/v) by water in advance, uniformly stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Because the plant protein source components (such as soybean meal, corn meal, peanut meal and rapeseed meal) contain a certain amount of anti-nutritional factors (such as trypsin inhibitor, tannin, phytic acid and the like), the growth of the cultured fishes is inhibited to a certain extent, and the fiber component content of the plant protein source components is high, so that the fishes lack enzymes for digesting the cellulose, are difficult to digest and absorb after eating, and are not beneficial to growth. Therefore, the existing fish feed is mostly compounded by plant protein source components and animal protein source components (such as fish meal, silkworm chrysalis meal and meat and bone meal) to inhibit the influence of anti-nutritional factors contained in the plant protein source components on the growth of cultured fishes and improve the flavor of the feed, however, the animal protein source components are expensive, so that the culture cost is increased, and the eutrophication of a water body is easily caused by putting the animal protein source components in the water body, so that various diseases are frequently caused.
The invention takes the mixture of fermented dregs as the main protein source of the feed, does not contain any animal component, and concretely carries out aerobic fermentation on soybean meal, peanut meal, garlic powder and trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim powder under the action of candida utilis, aspergillus niger and rhizopus oligosporus, reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors in plant protein source components through the fermentation process, decomposes cellulose into starch polysaccharide components, metabolizes fat parts in the soybean meal, peanut meal and trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim powder rich in vegetable oil and fat, reduces the fat content of fermentation products, and the prepared mixture of fermented dregs is easy to digest and has better palatability, even if food residues are formed, the water eutrophication is not easy to cause, and the mixture has a certain effect on improving the fish feeding environment.
In the feed for culturing grass carp with grass carp, the modified soapstone powder is soapstone powder (in the form of hollow microspheres) with polyarginine coated on the surface, and after the soapstone raw powder is subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, the formed hollow microspheres are light in weight, low in density, increased in porosity and increased in specific surface area, the phenomenon that the soapstone raw powder is easy to digest after being taken by fish as a wear-resistant compact mineral is remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the sedimentation speed of the feed in water is slowed down by utilizing the hollow structure of the soapstone powder, so that the forage grass carp is benefited. Furthermore, the inventor finds that the soapstone powder coated with polyarginine on the surface has a good killing effect on harmful bacteria in intestines and stomachs of fishes when added into feed, such as aeromonas hydrophila, enterobacter punctatus, aeromonas caviae and the like, and the polyarginine promotes cations in structural units of the soapstone powder to fully act on the bacteria so as to break cell walls of the bacteria, thereby killing the bacteria, effectively reducing the risk of bacterial enteritis of the grass carp and promoting the fishes to discharge harmful substances in the bodies. In addition, the modified soapstone powder is mixed with other components of the feed, such as micronutrients, so that the micronutrients can be effectively adsorbed in the soapstone powder body, and the homogenization of the nutrients in the feed is improved.
In the feed, the konjac powder and the wheat gluten have better viscoelasticity and film-forming property, so that feed particles can keep better cohesiveness, are not easy to disintegrate and disperse even in water, and the stability of the feed in water is improved.
In addition, the invention also provides a grass carp culture method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding by adopting a high-density feeding mode, adjusting the feeding density to 600-800 kg/mu according to different growth stages of the fry, controlling the water temperature to be 22-28 ℃, controlling the exchange quantity of water to be 1-3 times per hour according to the feeding density, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3 mg/L;
(2) putting the degreased rice sprouts every morning in an amount of 0.1-0.2 kg/kg of the weight of the fish for 1-2 times; the grass carp culture feed as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 is fed in afternoon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2 kg/kg of fish weight, and the feeding is carried out for 2-3 times;
(3) in a grass carp feeding cycle, adding 5-10 kg/mu of the soapstone powder cenospheres prepared by the method in the step (1) of claim 3 into a water body at intervals of 7 days.
The inventor utilizes the better structural performance of the soapstone powder hollow microspheres, and puts the soapstone powder hollow microspheres into water in a proper amount in the grass carp raising period, so that organic substances in the water body can be effectively adsorbed, the nitrogen content of the water body is reduced, and the risk of eutrophication of the water body is reduced. Preferably, the time for adding the soapstone powder hollow microspheres into the water body is 1.5-2 hours after the feed provided by the invention is put in, so that excessive ingestion of the soapstone powder adsorbed with various harmful impurities by fishes in a hungry state is avoided.
In addition, in the process of feeding the grass carp, the grass carp meat quality is greatly improved by alternately feeding the feed and the degreased rice sprouts, and the harvested grass carp meat is compact in pulp, high in protein content and low in fat content, tastes smooth and tender, fresh and sweet, has light fishy smell, has light rice fragrance and is excellent in taste.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the feed provided by the invention has balanced nutrition, meets the requirements of the grass carp on ingestion impurity, digestion physiology and nutrient metabolism, ensures sufficient nutrition of the grass carp, simultaneously excites the growth potential of the grass carp to the maximum extent, and the formed food residue is not easy to cause eutrophication of water body, thereby being especially suitable for high-density feeding environment.
(2) The inventor creatively adds the soapstone powder hollow microsphere with the surface coated with polyarginine into the feed, not only can effectively kill harmful bacteria in intestinal tracts of fishes, reduce the risk of bacterial enteritis of the grass carp and promote the fishes to discharge harmful substances in the body, but also can avoid the problem that the direct addition of soapstone raw powder easily causes poor digestion of the fishes.
(3) The grass carp raised by the feed and the raising method provided by the invention not only can shorten the raising period and save the cost, but also can effectively improve the grass carp meat quality and reduce the fat content, so that the raised grass carp meat quality is close to the wild grass carp meat quality to the maximum extent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to only the following examples.
Example 1 preparation of modified soap stone powder
(1) Taking soapstone raw ore, carrying out high-speed impact crushing, then carrying out grading impurity removal by using a cyclone, adding purified water for wet flotation, standing for 24 hours, removing supernatant and sediments, taking the middle layer for drying, and crushing again in a high-speed vortex mill to obtain soapstone raw powder;
(2) adding purified water into the soapstone powder raw powder prepared in the step (1) to prepare a suspension with the weight concentration of 2% (m/v), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min, then sealing in a high-pressure steam pot, treating at 180 ℃ for 10h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing for 2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 6h to obtain hollow microspheres;
(3) and (3) dispersing the hollow microspheres prepared in the step (2) in water, adding polyarginine, wherein the weight ratio of the hollow microspheres to the polyarginine is 3:1, stirring until the polyarginine is completely dissolved, then adding a proper amount of sodium stearate to ensure that the final concentration of the sodium stearate in a system is 4% (m/v), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min, centrifuging to obtain precipitates, washing for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, and separating by using a classifier to obtain the soapstone powder with the surface coated with the polyarginine.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of fermented residue mixture
Respectively weighing 10kg of soybean meal, 10kg of peanut meal, 10kg of garlic powder and 10kg of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim powder, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, adding water, adjusting the water content of a dry material to 60%, adjusting the pH to 6.0 by using 1% of calcium hydroxide, adding mixed bacteria of 5% (m/m) of the total weight of the dry material, fermenting for 24 hours at 28 ℃ under ventilation conditions, drying a fermented product, cooling to room temperature, crushing, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented dreg mixture.
EXAMPLES 3-5 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-3 PREPARATION OF PICKL OF POTENSIUM KONYONICUM
The compositions of the grass carp culture feeds of examples 3-5 and comparative examples 1-3 of the invention are shown in the following table (all in percentage by weight or weight):
Figure BDA0001371003080000051
Figure BDA0001371003080000061
the modified soap stone powder in the table above was prepared in example 1, and the fermented residue mixture was prepared in example 2. Wherein, the modified soap stone powder in the comparative example 1 is replaced by the soap stone raw powder prepared by the step (1) in the example 1; the modified soap stone powder in the comparative example 2 was replaced with the hollow microspheres prepared in the step (2) of the example 1; comparative example 3 the modified soap stone powder prepared according to the present invention was not added and the ratio of other components was increased accordingly.
Example 3 preparation of grass carp cultivation feed:
respectively weighing algae powder particles, modified soapstone powder, casein phosphopeptide, micronutrients and a mixture of fermented residues according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, adding an adhesive solution which is diluted into 10% (m/v) by water in advance, uniformly stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the composite material.
Preparation of feeds for examples 4 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 preparation of reference example 3 was carried out.
Test example I, cultivation effect detection
① the grass carp fry is bred by adopting a high-density breeding mode, the breeding density is adjusted to be 600 kg/mu, the water temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the exchange amount of water is controlled to be 2 times per hour according to the breeding density, the dissolved oxygen amount is guaranteed to be more than or equal to 3mg/L, ② defatted rice sprout is thrown in the morning every day, the throwing amount is 0.2kg/kg of the weight of the grass carp, the throwing amount is 2 times, the feed for grass carp breeding provided by the invention is thrown in the afternoon, the throwing amount is 0.2kg/kg of the weight of the grass carp, the throwing amount is 3 times, ③ stone powder cenospheres are added into the water every 7 days, the adding amount is 6 kg/mu, the grass carp fry is continuously bred for 6 months, the survival rate of the grass carp bred in each group is recorded, the increase condition of the weight of the grass carp in each group is observed, and the condition of the weight component and the intestinal microorganism condition of the fish meat of each group is detected.
TABLE 1 weight gain and survival Rate for groups of grass carp
Figure BDA0001371003080000062
Figure BDA0001371003080000071
Note: in comparison with comparative example 1,*p is less than 0.05; in comparison with comparative example 2,#p is less than 0.05; in comparison with comparative example 3,▽P＜0.05。
TABLE 2 comparison of fat and protein contents of grass carp groups
Group of Protein content (%) Fat content (%)
Example 3 82.34±4.62 2.56±0.34**##▽▽
Example 4 83.12±5.04 2.44±0.28**##▽▽
Example 5 84.06±5.25 2.27±0.32**##▽▽
Comparative example 1 82.36±4.86 7.56±0.75
Comparative example 2 81.75±4.37 7.05±0.86
Comparative example 3 80.24±4.54 8.42±0.92
Note: in comparison with comparative example 1,**p is less than 0.01; in comparison with comparative example 2,##p is less than 0.01; in comparison with comparative example 3,▽▽P＜0.01。
TABLE 3 results of intestinal microorganism detection (cfu/g) for grass carp groups
Figure BDA0001371003080000072
From the above table 1-3, it can be seen that when the grass carp is fed by the feed provided by the embodiments 3-5 of the present invention and the feeding method provided by the present invention for 6 months, the survival rate of the grass carp is 100%, and the weight gain factor is 11.07-12.16. Through detection, the protein content and the fat content of the grass carp fish meat are rich and lower, and are all obviously superior to those of comparative examples 1-3. Meanwhile, the microbial content of the grass carp intestinal tract is detected, and the contents of pathogenic bacteria such as aeromonas hydrophila, enterotype punctate aeromonas, guinea pig aeromonas, escherichia coli and enterococcus which are easy to cause gastroenteritis in the grass carp intestinal tracts of the groups 3 to 5 are found to be reduced, while the contents of probiotics such as: the contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium are increased, and probiotics are in an advantageous position, which shows that the modified soapstone powder (soapstone powder hollow microspheres coated with polyarginine on the surface) provided by the invention has an important effect on adjusting grass carp intestinal flora, and can effectively reduce the risk of grass carp suffering from gastroenteritis.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The feed for culturing grass carp, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-30% of algae powder particles, 5-10% of modified soap stone powder, 1-3% of micronutrients, 10-20% of adhesive and 40-50% of fermented residue mixture, wherein the modified soap stone powder is soap stone powder with polyarginine coated on the surface, and the preparation of the modified soap stone powder comprises the following steps:
(1) adding purified water into the soapstone powder raw powder to prepare a suspension with the weight concentration of 1.5-2%, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-30 min in terms of m: v, sealing in a high-pressure steam pot, treating at 180 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing 1-2 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 4-6 h to obtain the hollow microspheres;
(2) dispersing the hollow microspheres prepared in the step (1) in water, adding poly-arginine, wherein the weight ratio of the hollow microspheres to the poly-arginine is 2-4: 1, stirring until the poly-arginine is completely dissolved, then adding a proper amount of sodium stearate to enable the final concentration of the sodium stearate in a system to be 1-5%, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3-5 min in terms of m: v, centrifuging to obtain precipitates, washing for 1-2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, and separating by using a classifier to obtain the soapstone powder with the surface coated with the poly-arginine.
2. The feed for grass carp cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the soapstone powder raw powder in step (1) comprises the following steps:
taking and crushing the soapstone raw ore by high-speed impact, then removing impurities by grading by using a cyclone, adding purified water for wet flotation, standing for 24 hours, removing supernatant and sediments, taking and drying the middle layer, and crushing again in a high-speed vortex mill to obtain soapstone raw powder.
3. The feed for culturing grass carp of claim 1, wherein the micronutrients comprise biotin, lipoic acid, inositol and dithiothreitol in a weight ratio of 1:0.6:1: 2.
4. The feed for culturing grass carp of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises konjac refined flour and wheat gluten in a weight ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6.
5. The feed for culturing grass carp with grass carp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the algae powder particles are prepared from at least one of chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus, crescentella, dunaliella salina and Platymonas mellea by drying, pulverizing and sieving, and have a particle size of 150-200 meshes.
6. The feed for grass carp culture according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the fermented residue mixture comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing soybean meal, peanut meal, garlic powder and trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim powder according to equal weight ratio, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, adding water to adjust the water content of dry materials to 50-60%, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.0 by using 1% of calcium hydroxide, adding mixed bacteria accounting for 4-6% of the total weight of the dry materials, wherein the mixed bacteria comprise candida utilis, aspergillus niger and rhizopus oligosporus according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.4-0.6: 0.05-0.1 in terms of m: m, fermenting for 24 hours at 28 ℃ under ventilation condition, drying fermented materials, cooling to room temperature, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented dreg mixture.
7. The method for preparing a grass carp culture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
respectively weighing algae powder particles, modified soapstone powder, micronutrients and a mixture of fermented dregs according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, adding a binding agent solution which is diluted into 10% by water in advance, uniformly stirring according to the ratio of m to v, granulating and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
8. A grass carp cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding by adopting a high-density feeding mode, adjusting the feeding density to 600-800 kg/mu according to different growth stages of the fry, controlling the water temperature to be 22-28 ℃, controlling the exchange quantity of water to be 1-3 times per hour according to the feeding density, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3 mg/L;
(2) putting the degreased rice sprouts every morning in an amount of 0.1-0.2 kg/kg of the weight of the fish for 1-2 times; the grass carp culture feed as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 is fed in afternoon, the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2 kg/kg of fish weight, and the feeding is carried out for 2-3 times;
(3) in a grass carp feeding cycle, adding 5-10 kg/mu of the soapstone powder cenospheres prepared by the method in the step (1) of claim 1 into a water body at intervals of 7 days.
CN201710662850.1A 2017-08-04 2017-08-04 Grass carp cultivation feed and cultivation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN107361247B (en)

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