CN1130558C - 混合方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在薄液体层进行混合的方法,液体层设置在本质上相互平行且彼此间的距离为毛细距离的壁之间。混合的进行是通过使壁在本质上沿液体层平面运动,使运动与作用在壁作用在液体上的毛细管力相平衡,并选择液体层和周围介质的界面从而使其起到一种弹性膜片的作用。本发明还涉及一种设计用于根据本发明的混合方法的液槽。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及在薄液体层进行混合的方法。更具体说,本发明涉及用可随意使用的装置进行混合以允许定量和定性分析的方法。本发明还涉及一种用于进行这种分析的方法和在进行分析时适用的装置。
背景技术
可随意使用的装置,即所谓微液槽,由专利EP469 079和WO96/33399所公开。这些微液槽用于对液体例如血液取样,将所取液体样品与试剂混合,并对与试剂混合的液体样品进行光学分析。微液槽包括一具有空腔的体,该空腔包括一计量区域。空腔通过一入口与体周围的外界连通。此外,空腔具有预定的容积,并设计成使样品可借助于毛细管力的作用进入空腔。一种干试剂被施放在测量空腔的表面。这种形式的微液槽已在商业上获得大范围的成功,明确被用于进行定量测定,例如,测定血液中血红蛋白和葡萄糖。取得这一成功重要因素在于其从取样到获得结果的时间很短。这一周期时间很短的原因之一在于,用于测定血红蛋白和葡萄糖的试剂成分,容易溶解在从微液槽的毛细管空腔吸入的少量血液中,这实际上导致样品与试剂成分均匀分布的立刻混合。然而,已发现这些现有技术的微液槽很少适用于测定需要不容易溶解和/或其中存在扩散问题的试剂的成分,于是需要较长的溶解和起反应的时间周期。
一种方法已在美国专利No.4,936,687提出,该方法是专用于在微液槽的薄毛细层内混合液体和试剂。在这种方法中,使用一种小磁性颗粒作为工具以完成混合,而实际混合操作是使用外部磁铁,这种外部磁铁是专门设计的,并以特殊的形式设置和以预定的方式操作。在混合完成后,磁性颗粒被从被分析的样品中分离。尽管这种方法对于某种形式的液体/试剂作用好,但从工业和商业的观点并没有特别的吸引力,因为它需要特殊的装置和专门的设计。使用微小的磁性颗粒和在混合步骤后需将这些磁性颗粒分离还需要时间和作工作,这就使得这种方法复杂而较昂贵。此外,还存在磁性颗粒与样品和试剂两者间化学干扰的风险。
此外,EP 75 605公开了一种在毛细液体层混合的方法。根据这种方法,混合是在一反应室中进行的,该反应室包括两平行平板,该平板可彼此向对方运动。当充填反应室时,只施放几微升的试剂和样品在平板的特定粘接表面或平板粘接表面的不同部位,样品与试剂的混合,是通过使平板在彼此面向并垂直于样品和试剂所形成的液体层方向运动。此现有技术方法于是需要样品和试剂两者呈液体状态,这种液体状态比上述使用更难于溶解的干试剂的微液槽更容易进行混合。这种形式的混合,即,使其液体层沿垂直于该液体层表面方向运动,已经经过考查能实现在上述形式的微液槽中进行混合,但并未发现满意的效果。
一种简单而有效的用于在薄毛细层混合液体和试剂的方法将增加测定数,该方法还适于加速不易溶解试剂的溶解,这种测定可用于在微液槽和与微液槽具有相同设计基础的装置两者上进行。结果,迄今尚不能进行的分析或过去还没有引起兴趣的分析,使用可随意使用的装置使取样与分析本质上同时进行,并利用毛细作用吸取样品,也可能具有吸引力。
发明概述
根据本发明,混合是在毛细液体层进行,该毛细层设置在壁与壁间两本质上平行平面之间,这些壁本质上彼此不能相对运动,本质上在液体层平面内经受一运动,使该运动与壁作用在液体上的毛细力保持平衡,选择液体层与环境介质的界面使其起弹性膜片的作用。本发明还涉及一种可随意使用的装置,拟用于执行此方法,特别是在取样和分析中使用。
此方法很适于实现更快速溶解某种更难于溶解的干试剂,并更有效地使样品和试剂在薄液体层中混合,这种液体层呈现在可随意使用的装置或上述形式的微液槽中。不过,原则上这种混合方法可用于成薄层的所有液体中,这种薄层位于本质上彼此平行并设置成具有毛细作用的距离的壁之间。对本发明的详细说明
毛细管力取决于壁材料的类型、包含添加剂(如果有的话)例如试剂的样品类别、和壁间距离。运动的频率和幅值参数必须与毛细管力平衡,该毛细管力是在特定的情况下呈现的,而这些运动参数必须保证混合,而不存在使部分液体离开微液槽的任何风险,如果频率/幅值过高可能发生这种情况。
弹性膜片长度的上限,即样品与周围介质例如空气的界面长度上限,是在这样的情况下呈现的,这时,样品液体的体积只由平行壁所限定而并不被封闭在一空腔内。下限是根据样品液体、试剂、适当的运动频率、空腔深度等等由试验确定。
当正确的运动状态出现时,界面起一种弹性膜片的作用,该膜片迫使在样品溶液中的化学成分,和已溶解或正溶解的试剂成分(如果有的话)随液体运动,结果使样品液体和试剂在薄膜液体层中混合。
根据本发明,混合是通过使一种具有样品液体和试剂液体层的装置,本质上在液体层平面内运动,从而足以完成所希望的混合的速度,经过一定的时间周期运动。这种运动可以是旋转运动,但推荐用往复运动。这些运动的任何组合也可采用。如上所述,混合方法的一个重要特点在于运动与毛细管力平衡,因此样品不致流出该装置。毛细管力取决于样品的类别、装置壁的材料类型,而平衡运行状态最好由试验确定。如上所述,样品与周围环境间界面的选择能使界面起到弹性膜片的作用是一个关键特征。在可随意使用的装置或微液槽入口处样品与空腔间的界面只在这样的情况下起弹性膜片的作用,这种情况是入口处的长度足够,或者,如果该装置包括至少一个或多个空腔,该入口处本质上不是毛细管。在后一情况下,容器的入口不需要长于限定计量空腔之本质上平行的平面壁间的距离,而在前一情况,即样品液体的体积与周围介质(空气)间只形成连续界面(一连续膜片),入口的长度至少应5倍于,推荐至少10倍于计量空腔中液体层的深度。
根据本发明,适合于混合的微液槽包括体,该体具有一计量空腔,该空腔由两本质上平行的表面所限定,计量空腔限定一光学通道,并设置成彼此相距一预定距离。计量空腔具有一预定的容积,一毛细管入口与体周围的外部连通。在毛细管力的作用下,样品通过入口被吸入计量空腔。预定量的干试剂设置在计量空腔内,即,施放在空腔的表面上。微液槽的壁最好是透明而不具弹性的。容器的容积可在0.1μl至1ml之间变化,而薄层的厚度可在0.01mm至2.00mm之间变化,最好在0.1mm至1mm间变化。容器入口处即开口处壁间距离最好可在0.01mm至1mm之间,推荐对于计量空腔中的壁间距。
根据本发明的混合方法,自然也适于在不准备应用光学原理的装置中的混合,例如浊度的测量即浊度测定法的测量,不过这种方法提出可应用于在薄液体层中进行混合。其它类型测量的例子是放射性测量,其中,光学通道长度和透明的壁都不需要。从一般意义上,可以说采样装置设计成与所准备进行的分析相关的,而采样装置具有共同的特点在于,能使样品在毛细管力的作用下可被吸入毛细管空腔,并在毛细管液体层产生样品与试剂的混合。
根据本发明的混合方法特别适用于这样的情况,这时希望在易用的毛细管装置例如一微液槽中,液体样品的采样和成分的定量测定本质上是同时进行的。装置采样和定量测定包括下列步骤:
-将包含待测定成分的样品引入可随意使用的装置,该装置中设有用于该被测成分的至少一种干试剂,而样品可在毛细管力的作用下,通过毛细管空腔的入口被吸入,该毛细管空腔由两本质上平行的平面壁所限定;
-使该装置运动以加速试剂的溶解和在样品和试剂的薄液体层中的混合,所述液体层是在限定此空腔的平行平面之间形成,而运动本质上发生在液体层的平面内,且与壁作用在液体层上的毛细管力平衡,液体层和周围介质的界面,被选择成使其能起到一种弹性膜片的作用;和
-进行最终混合,以在测定区域上进行测定。
根据本发明混合方法的重要特点在于,运动本质上发生在液体层平面内,即,此运动本质上发生在平行于毛细管空腔的主平面,这种运动可以是根据试验确定其频率和幅值的往复振动。这种振动相对于主平面有小的偏差可以容许,但与主平面间的偏差超过20°,已经发现产生明显破坏混合效果的结果。
即使任何类别的试剂可施放在容器中,当使用较难溶的试剂例如蛋白质和碳水化合物时,可获得特别的好处。
本发明之测定方法特别有意义分析的成分是大分子化合物例如蛋白质,诸如白脘或其它蛋白质,例如C-反应蛋白(CRP),使用这种方法,可产生可用浊度测定的抗原-抗体聚集体。本发明的应用还包括非蛋白基抗原,例如多糖。本发明的原理可用于许多方面,这些方面可能发生浊度的定量分析。在这种在微液槽中进行光学测量中,在测定区域的壁设置成具有预定光学长度。
一种在微液槽中混合进行分析极具适用意义的例子,是基于抗原-抗体反应的分析,例如测定在尿中的μ白脘,其中使抗人体白脘的抗体在尿中与白脘起反应。预定量的抗白脘抗体连同PEG6000被设置在容器的型腔并使之干燥。当样品进入基于预定容积和间距宽度的容器空腔,如果容器以60拍/秒的频率振动,溶剂被溶解。存在于尿样品中的白脘与溶解的抗体起反应并生成聚集体,引起混浊度,该混浊度可用分光度计测定法在470nm(纳米)测定,而混浊度是与白脘的浓度成正比的。因此,分析可在白脘或其它在血液或血浆中的某些蛋白上进行。根据本发明的混合对于快速和可重复生成反应是一种重要的条件,这种分析推荐在一种由瑞典专利申请9800072-2所公开的分光度计上进行。
根据一推荐实施例,非毛细管空腔本质上是设置在邻近毛细管测定空腔,该测定空腔设置有干试剂,并设置成与入口和测定空腔对准。当本实施例的液体样品被吸入容器并根据本发明方法混合,在空腔中的液体和介质形成一种分离界面也起弹性膜片的作用,上述介质,通常是存在于非毛细管空腔处的空气。
本发明的测定容器在附图中示出,其中:
图1为微液槽的透视图;
图2为图1所示微液槽的横截面图;
图3为基于两个空腔的微液槽的透视图;
图4为图3所示微液槽的横截面图。
在图1中,1表示微液槽,2表示毛细管入口,该入口,当样品已被吸入液槽形成一弹性膜片反抗周围的空气。
以相应的方式,在图3和4所示微液槽中,形成两个弹性膜片反抗空气的作用,在图中,3表示毛细管入口,4表示更深的空腔,该空腔本质上是非毛细管。根据本发明的搅拌作用可举例说明如下。
搅拌作用是作为空腔深度和振动频率的函数来研究。所使用容器具有相同空腔设计。
空腔深度 | 振动频率(拍/秒) | 附注 |
150μm | 60 | 无搅拌 |
测量孔处130μm/孔外为400μm | 60 | 400μm处有搅拌,130μm处无搅拌 |
测量孔处130μm/孔外为400μm | 30 | 无搅拌 |
300μm | 60 | 无搅拌 |
300μm | 30 | 无搅拌 |
500μm | 60 | 良好搅拌 |
500μm | 30 | 无搅拌 |
700μm | 60 | 良好搅拌 |
结果表明搅拌作用取决于振动频率和空腔深度两者。因此,良好的搅拌是在一种400-μm深度的空腔以60拍/秒,而不以30拍/秒。如果空腔的深度减小,不会产生搅拌作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种在薄液体层进行混合的方法,该液体层设置在本质上平行的壁之间,该壁本质上彼此没有相对运动,并设置成彼此间具有毛细距离,混合这样进行:使壁在本质上处于液体层的平面内运动,使壁作用在液体上的毛细管力与该运动平衡,并选择液体层和周围介质的界面,使其起到弹性膜片的作用。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述运动本质上为往复运动。
3.一种使液体样品的采样和成分的定量测定本质上同时进行的方法,包括下列步骤:
-将包含待测定成分的样品引入可随意使用的装置,该装置中设有用于该被测成分的干试剂,而样品在毛细管力的作用下,通过毛细管空腔的入口被吸入,该毛细管空腔由两本质上平行的平面壁所限定,所述入口将空腔与可随意使用的装置外部四周连通;
-使该装置运动以加速试剂的溶解和在样品和试剂的薄液体层中的混合,所述液体层是在限定此空腔的平行平面之间形成,而运动本质上发生在液体层的平面内,且与壁作用在液体层上的毛细管力平衡,液体层和周围介质的界面,被选择成使其能起到一种弹性膜片的作用;和
-进行最终混合,以在测定区域上进行测定。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,被测成分是大分子化合物,例如蛋白质或碳水化合物。
5.如权利要求3所述方法,其特征在于,试剂是一种抗体或一种凝集素。
6.如权利要求3-5其中之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在混合中,试剂和大分子化合物形成一种聚集体,该聚集体包括一种抗体-抗原复合物或一种凝集素-碳水化合物复合物。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,大分子化合物包括血浆蛋白,例如白脘或C反应蛋白(CRP)。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,运动是一种往复运动。
9.如上述权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述测定是一种光学测定。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光学测定是一种浊度测定即浊度测定法的测定。
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ATE386930T1 (de) | 2008-03-15 |
JP2009053201A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
EP1055112B1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
DE69938170D1 (de) | 2008-04-03 |
DK1055112T3 (da) | 2008-04-14 |
ES2299239T3 (es) | 2008-05-16 |
JP4491032B2 (ja) | 2010-06-30 |
AU2195699A (en) | 1999-08-02 |
JP4502504B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
SE9800070D0 (sv) | 1998-01-14 |
JP2002509247A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
CN1288517A (zh) | 2001-03-21 |
US6468807B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
EP1055112A1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
WO1999036765A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
DE69938170T2 (de) | 2009-02-26 |
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