CN113041333A - 一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物及其制备方法,中药药物有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成,其中配方一的有效成分有金礞石、三棱、莪术、干姜、郁金、木香、二丑、生桃仁、枳壳、生大黄、芒硝、川穹、柴胡、白芍、天麻、蝉蜕和僵蚕;配方二的有效成分有酸枣仁炒、丹参、党参、夜交藤、旱莲草、麦冬、五味子、炙甘草、合欢皮、女贞子、郁金、柴胡、香附、白芍、天麻和蝉蜕。本发明中药药物在治疗精神分裂症方面具有配方合理、疗效显著、成分简单易购、药效温和、调治结合、无副作用和复发率低等显著的技术优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
精神分裂症(schizophrenia)是一种常见的精神病,据世界卫生组织估计,全球精神分裂症的终身患病率大概为3.8‰-8.4‰,美国的研究,终身患病率高达13‰;我国1994年调查数据,城市地区患病率7.11‰,农村4.26‰。精神分裂症病因复杂,尚末完全阐明。多起病于青壮年,表现为感知、思维、情感、意志行为等多方面障碍,精神活动与周围环境和内心体验不协调,脱离现实。一般无意识障碍和明显的智能障碍,可有注意、工作记忆、抽象思维和信息整合等方面认知功能损害。病程多迁延,反复发作,部分患者发生精神活动衰退和不同程度社会功能缺损。
精神分裂症的治疗依据其一些临床症状群表现,以单一用药为原则,选择一种非典型或者典型的抗精神病药物。非典型药物如阿立哌唑、奥氮平或利培酮等;典型药物如氯丙嗪、奋乃静、氟哌啶醇等。若经过6-8周治疗后症状仍未减轻,可选用氯氮平这种非典型的抗精神病药物,随着非典型的抗精神病药物的广泛使用,越来越多的问题也呈现出来,例如体重增加、糖脂代谢异常、心脑血管问题。抗精神病药物引起身体重增加和糖脂代谢紊乱的具体机制尚不清楚,推测可能与其多巴胺受体以及H1受体阻断作用有关,还可能涉及过度镇静、活动减少以及食欲改变等方面。目前比较一致的结论是,在非典型抗精神病药物中,对代谢的影响从大到小依次为:氯氮平、奥氮平、利培酮和奎硫平等。Koro等对奥氮平引起糖尿病的风险性、独立性因素进行回顾分析,发现使用奥氮平者糖尿病发生的危险性是不使用抗精神药患者的5.8倍。
发明内容
基于上述的非典型或者典型的抗精神病药物给患者带来的副作用,本发明提供一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物。本发明选用具有开窍醒脑、养心安神等作用的天然中药入药,应用临床常用的经验古方加减味的方法并经反复临床验证进行筛选而成,可用于治疗精神分裂症。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,中药药物的有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成,
配方一包括以重量份计的以下成分:金礞石15-30份、三棱8-15份、莪术8-15份、干姜5-10份、郁金10-20份、木香5-10份、二丑10-20份、生桃仁10-20份、枳壳5-15份、生大黄10-20份、芒硝15-25份、川穹10-15份、柴胡10-20份、白芍10-20份、天麻10-20份、蝉蜕5-15份和僵蚕5-15份;
配方二包括以重量份计的以下成分:酸枣仁炒10-20份、丹参10-20份、党参10-20份、夜交藤10-20份、旱莲草10-20份、麦冬6-10份、五味子6-10份、炙甘草6-10份、合欢皮5-15份、女贞子5-15份、郁金10-15份、柴胡10-15份、香附10-15份、白芍5-15份、天麻5-15份和蝉蜕5-15份。
进一步地,一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,配方二还包括陈皮10-15份和法半夏10-20份;适合有痰多症状的患者。
进一步地,一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,配方二还包括莲子心5-10份和生龙牡25-35份,其中生龙牡入药前预先煎煮;适合有梦遗滑精症状的患者。
进一步地,一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,包含以下组分,
配方一包括以重量份计的以下成分:金礞石25份、三棱10份、莪术8份、干姜5份、郁金15份、木香5份、二丑15份、生桃仁15份、枳壳10份、生大黄15份、芒硝20份、川穹12份、柴胡15份、白芍15份、天麻15份、蝉蜕10份和僵蚕10份;
配方二包括以重量份计的以下成分:酸枣仁炒15份、丹参15份、党参15份、夜交藤15份、旱莲草15份、麦冬6份、五味子6份、炙甘草6份、合欢皮10份、女贞子10份、郁金12份、柴胡12份、香附12份、白芍10份、天麻10份和蝉蜕10份。
所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物的制备方法,将各味药材按质量份配比后混匀,加同质量的水浸泡10-15min;先武火150-180℃煎沸,再以文火80-100℃煎煮至其水体积浓缩为1/3-1/2时滤出药液,即得中药药物。
所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物在制备针对精神分裂症的药物中的应用;以本发明所得的中药药物作为针对精神分裂症的药物的有效成分,制成丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、汤剂或口服液。
所述的治疗精神分裂症的中药药物的服用方法如下:
(1)如患者无不适症状,同时服用配方一和配方二;
(2)若患者病情重、病程长、彻夜难眠者,配方一用量不变,配方二的用量加倍;
(3)若患者为孕妇及妇女月经期不宜服用配方一和配方二;
(4)患者临睡前忌用茶、咖啡、烟酒等兴奋剂;
(5)若患者为发热、体弱、有消化道疾患、心脏病等患者,禁止服用配方一;
(6)若患者为疯癫木僵型如精神忧郁、喃喃独语、语无伦次、多疑少食、时悲时喜、胡思乱想、默默不语者只能用配方二,分量加倍服用。
所述的用于治疗精神分裂症的中药药物在制备针对精神分裂症的药物中的应用。
本发明的中药药性如下:
1、金礞石:重症安神药,坠痰下气,平肝镇惊,归肺、心、肝经。
2、三棱:破血行气,活血化瘀,消积止痛,归肝、脾经。
3、莪术:抗菌,抑制肠道细菌生长,对抗肿瘤,杀死肿瘤细胞,增强细胞免疫性。
4、干姜:温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。
5、郁金:疏肝解郁,止痛,活血,清心,凉血,归肝,心,脾经。
6、木香:行气,止痛,疏肝理气。
7、二丑:泻水通便,消痰涤饮,杀虫攻积。
8、生桃仁:活血祛瘀,润肠通便,止咳平喘,归心、肝、大肠经。
9、枳壳:利尿,镇静,行气化瘀,提高心脏功能,增强心脏收缩能力。
10、生大黄:利湿退黄,泻热通便,行瘀通经,性寒,入胃、大肠经。
11、芒硝:泻热,润肠,软坚,治实热积滞,腹胀便秘,停痰积聚,丹毒,口赤障翳,臃肿,归胃,大肠经。
12、川穹:行气活血,祛风止痛。
13、柴胡:和解表里,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷,退热截疟。归心包经、肝胆、三焦经。
14、白芍:平抑肝阳,敛阴止汗,归肝脾经。
15、天麻:祛风湿,止痛,行气活血,镇痛、抗惊厥。
16、蝉蜕:疏风消热,定惊解痉,既能駆外风又能息内风。
17、僵蚕:熄风止痉,化痰散结,清热解毒。
18、酸枣仁炒:养心补肝,宁心安神,敛汗生津,主治虚烦不眠,惊悸多梦。
19、丹参:通血脉,散郁结,调经顺脉,活血化瘀,通经止痛。
20、党参:补中益气,健脾益肺。
21、夜交藤:祛风通络,养心安神,归心、肝经。
22、旱莲草:滋补肝肾,凉血止血。
23、麦冬:镇静,催眠,抗心肌缺血,心律失常,消除自由基。
24、五味子:收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。
25、炙甘草:助脾甘温,补中益气,和胃,缓急止痛。
26、合欢皮:和血消肿,养阴生肌,止痛、安神、解郁、养心。
27、女贞子:滋补肝肾,乌须明目,抗动脉粥样硬化,抗衰老、强心、利尿,降血压作用。
28、郁金:行气祛痰,清心解郁。
29、、柴胡:和解表里,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷,退热截疟,归心包经、肝胆、三焦经。
30、香附:疏肝解郁,行气止痛,宽中,消食下气,入脾经。
31、白芍:养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗。
32、天麻:祛风湿,止痛,行气活血,镇痛、抗惊厥。
33、蝉蜕:疏风消热,定惊解痉,既能駆外风又能息内风。
与现有技术相比,本发明中药药物在治疗精神分裂症方面具有配方合理、疗效显著、成分简单易购、药效温和、调治结合、无副作用和复发率低等显著的技术优势。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,中药药物的有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成:
(1)配方一:金礞石25g、三棱10g、莪术8g、干姜5g、郁金15g、木香5g、二丑15g、生桃仁15g、枳壳10g、生大黄15g、芒硝20g、川穹12g、柴胡15g、白芍15g、天麻15g、蝉蜕10g和僵蚕10g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加220mL水浸泡15min,先武火160℃煮沸再温火90℃煎至92mL。
(2)配方二:酸枣仁炒15g、丹参15g、党参15g、夜交藤15g、旱莲草15g、麦冬6g、五味子6g、炙甘草6g、合欢皮10g、女贞子10g、郁金12g、柴胡12g、香附12g、白芍10g、天麻10g和蝉蜕10g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加179mL水浸泡10min,先武火150℃煮沸再温火90℃煎至75mL。
实施例2
一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,中药药物的有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成:
(1)配方一:金礞石15g、三棱8g、莪术8g、干姜10g、郁金10g、木香10g、二丑10g、生桃仁10g、枳壳5g、生大黄20g、芒硝25g、川穹10g、柴胡10g、白芍10g、天麻10g、蝉蜕5g和僵蚕5g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加181mL水浸泡10min,先180℃武火煮沸再温火80℃煎至80mL。
(2)配方二:酸枣仁炒10g、丹参20g、党参10g、夜交藤10g、旱莲草20g、麦冬10g、五味子10g、炙甘草10g、合欢皮5g、女贞子5g、郁金10g、柴胡15g、香附10g、白芍5g、天麻5g和蝉蜕15g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加160mL水浸泡15min,先武火180℃煮沸再温火80℃煎至80mL。
实施例3
一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,中药药物的有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成:
(1)配方一:金礞石30g、三棱15g、莪术15、,干姜8g、郁金20g、木香10g、二丑20g、生桃仁20g、枳壳15g、生大黄10g、芒硝15g、川穹15g、柴胡20g、白芍20g、天麻20g、蝉蜕15g和僵蚕15g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加283mL水浸泡11min,先武火150℃煮沸再温火100℃煎至135mL。
(2)配方二:酸枣仁炒20g、丹参10g、党参20g、夜交藤20g、旱莲草10g、麦冬6g、五味子6g、炙甘草8g、合欢皮15g、女贞子15g、郁金15g、柴胡10g、香附15g、白芍15g、天麻15g和蝉蜕5g;
将上述组分混合之后倒入砂锅,加205mL水浸泡13mim,先武火160℃煮沸再温火100℃煎至80mL。
试验例1:本发明中药药物的动物毒性试验
1、动物急性毒性试验
(1)待受试药物:本发明实施例1-3所制造中药药物,备用。
(2)试验对象:普通昆明种小鼠,体重30g±5g,雌雄各半,雌性小鼠均无孕。
(3)小鼠灌胃本发明中的中药药物,当灌胃剂量达到653.6g药物/kg剂量时,用药后小鼠出现轻微活动减少,轻微反应迟钝,0.5小时左右恢复正常,用药后连续观察7天,无一动物死亡,其全身状况、饮食、摄水、小便和体重增长均正常。
(4)试验结果表明:小鼠灌胃实施例1-3所制造的中药药物的最大用药量为653.6g药物/kg/d(LD50>653.6g药物/kg)。本发明的中药制剂每日临床用药总量为3.29g药物/kg/d;按体重70kg计,小鼠灌胃实施例1-3所制造的的耐受量为临床病人的204.3倍。提示该药急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
2、动物长期毒性试验
(1)待受试药物:本发明实施例1-3所制造中药药物,备用。
(2)试验对象:普通级SD大鼠,体重224g±13g,雌雄各半,雌性大鼠均无孕。
(3)方法与结果:
3种中药药物:均分为高、中、低三个剂量组,单位体重给药量分别为患者正常服用量的120、60、30倍;将实验鼠随机分成10组,其中10组分别灌胃3种三个剂量的药物溶液,剩余1组灌胃等体积生理盐水(患者服用量的30倍);所有10组均连续灌胃90天,观察动物全身毒性反应及严重程度,处死后按操作规程检查各部位,并进行外周血血液学常规检测及心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃等主要脏器的病理学检查;
经过长期喂食,10个组大鼠均未出现毒性反应。发育良好。肉眼外观及主要脏器未见异常。外周血血液学常规检测与对照组比较无明显性改变。病理报告心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃等均未有意义的改变,因此,认为经病理证实,实施例1-3的3种中药药物对动物无慢性毒性表现。
通过以上两个毒性试验,证明本发明按实施例1-3制作的中药药物是安全的,无毒副作用的,可以被患者服用。
试验例2:本发明中药药物的人体试验
(1)将精神分裂症患者40例,患者无严重身体疾病,无器质性疾病,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组20例,男11例,女9例,年龄29~69岁,平均50岁,病史最长5年,最短4个月,平均病史在2年5个月;对照组20例,男10例,女10例,年龄30~68岁,平均51岁,病史最长5年1个月,最短5个月,平均病史在2年6个月。2组间男女比例,年龄、病程及病情严重程度上无显著性差异,具有可比性。
(2)诊断标准符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版(CCMD-3)精神分裂症的诊断标准。
(3)治疗方法:治疗组服用本发明实施例1所制备的中药药物,每日3次,每次服用配方一和配方二各50mL,1周为一疗程。对照组服用氯氮平(扬州中宝制药有限公司生产),每日2次,每次200mg,1周为一疗程。两组均服用12个疗程。
(4)疗效标准疗效评定标准
痊愈:精神分裂临床表现症状完全消失,思维较正常,情绪稳定,社会功能恢复正常;
显效:精神分裂临床表现症状大部分消失,思维较正常,社会功能明显恢复,自知力有部分恢复;
有效:精神分裂临床表现症状部分消失,思维较乱,情感平淡,自知力部分恢复;
无效:精神分裂临床表现症状无改善,无自制力。
(5)治疗结果:2组治疗12个疗程后疗效比较,治疗组痊愈7例(35.0%),显效10例(50%)有效2例(10.0%),无效1例(5.0%),总有效19例(95.0%);对照组其中痊愈6例(30.0%),显效9例(45.0%),有效3例(15.0%),无效2例(10.0%),总有效18例(90.0%)。2组比较:治疗组总有效率优于对照组,效果明显,具有可比性。
因此,本发明中药药物具有配方合理、成分简单易购、疗效显著,调治结合、无副作用和复发率低等显著的技术优势。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,其特征在于,所述中药药物的有效成分主要由配方一和配方二组成,
所述配方一包括以重量份计的以下成分:金礞石15-30份、三棱8-15份、莪术8-15份、干姜5-10份、郁金10-20份、木香5-10份、二丑10-20份、生桃仁10-20份、枳壳5-15份、生大黄10-20份、芒硝15-25份、川穹10-15份、柴胡10-20份、白芍10-20份、天麻10-20份、蝉蜕5-15份和僵蚕5-15份;
所述配方二包括以重量份计的以下成分:酸枣仁炒10-20份、丹参10-20份、党参10-20份、夜交藤10-20份、旱莲草10-20份、麦冬6-10份、五味子6-10份、炙甘草6-10份、合欢皮5-15份、女贞子5-15份、郁金10-15份、柴胡10-15份、香附10-15份、白芍5-15份、天麻5-15份和蝉蜕5-15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,其特征在于,所述配方二还包括陈皮10-15份和法半夏10-20份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,其特征在于,所述配方二还包括莲子心5-10份和生龙牡25-35份,其中生龙牡入药前预先煎煮。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物,其特征在于,所述中药药物的有效成分包括配方一和配方二,
所述配方一包括以重量份计的以下成分:金礞石25份、三棱10份、莪术8份、干姜5份、郁金15份、木香5份、二丑15份、生桃仁15份、枳壳10份、生大黄15份、芒硝20份、川穹12份、柴胡15份、白芍15份、天麻15份、蝉蜕10份和僵蚕10份;
所述配方二包括以重量份计的以下成分:酸枣仁炒15份、丹参15份、党参15份、夜交藤15份、旱莲草15份、麦冬6份、五味子6份、炙甘草6份、合欢皮10份、女贞子10份、郁金12份、柴胡12份、香附12份、白芍10份、天麻10份和蝉蜕10份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种治疗精神分裂症的中药药物的制备方法,其特征在于,将各味药材按质量份配比后混匀,加同质量的水浸泡10-15min;先武火150-180℃煎沸,再以文火80-100℃煎煮至水体积浓缩为1/3-1/2时滤出药液,即得所述中药药物。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的中药药物在制备针对精神分裂症的药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中药药物在制备针对精神分裂症的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述针对精神分裂症的药物以所述中药药物作为有效成分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的中药药物在制备针对精神分裂症的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述针对精神分裂症的药物为丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、汤剂或口服液。
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