CN112980732B - Microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, and particularly discloses a microbial agent for promoting rape growth and a rape planting method thereof. The microbial agent of the invention comprises the following genera: a) At least one of Corynebacterium, paracoccus, chromobacterium, achromobacter, acidithiobacillus, acidovorax, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, bacillus, cupriavium, dekkera, olspira, hygrobacter, hydrophaga, pseudomonas, pseudonocardia, rhizobium, rhodococcus, rhodopseudomonas, rhodospirillum, gluconobacter, flavobacterium, and Watertilla; b) Acetobacter, and c) Azospirillum. The microbial agent improves the yield of rape, increases the yield of rape per mu by matching with a special rape planting method, reduces the requirement of nitrogen fertilizer, reduces harmful bacteria, recovers the number of microorganisms in soil and increases the diversity of the microorganisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, in particular to a microbial agent for promoting rape growth and a rape planting method thereof.
Background
Rape, also called as cabbage and bitter herb, is a general term for rape which is a agronomically used species containing oil in the seeds of plants. The rape is suitable for being planted on loose, fertile, high organic matter content and strong water and fertilizer retention. The main planting range of rape is in Yangtze river basin, southwest and northwest regions of China. The main cultivars of rape are cabbage type rape (Brassica rapa L), mustard type rape (Brassica juncea L.) and cabbage type rape (Brassica napus L.), and the rape is an important Brassica oil crop, and mature rape seeds are rich in vegetable oil and can provide beneficial unsaturated fatty acid after being squeezed for people to eat. Rapeseed oil is the most important edible oil in China, and the annual consumption of the rapeseed oil accounts for more than 45% of the total amount of domestic edible vegetable oil. The low erucic acid rapeseed oil has high oleic acid content which reaches 60-65 percent, is second to olive oil and is high-quality edible oil which is very beneficial to human health, and the rapeseed cypress remained after the squeezing process accounts for about 50-60 percent of the weight of the seeds and is good animal husbandry feed. The rape seeds contain high-content vitamin C, and the rape seeds contain about 25% of protein, so that the protein of a human body can be supplemented. Seed oils can also be used to make lubricants, soaps, nylons, resins, plastics, and stabilizers.
In the traditional rape management, the labor investment is excessive, the labor cost is high, in addition, the rape leaves are large, the use of agricultural machinery often causes the breakage of the leaves, and the negative influence is brought to the growth of the rape, while the management in the rape planting process is extensive, the growth vigor of the rape is weak, the freezing injury and drought are difficult to resist in the later period, and the yield is low, and the quality is low; the rape has large requirements on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the initial growth stage, a large amount of chemical fertilizer is applied for nutrient supplement after the rape is planted, but the application of the nitrogen fertilizer in the traditional planting mode is unreasonable, so that the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is low; and the rape planting process is often accompanied with the outbreak of harmful germs, more pesticides are used, and the quantity and diversity of microorganisms in soil are easily reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the microbial agent for promoting the growth of the rape and the method for planting the rape.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape, which comprises the following genera:
a) At least one of Corynebacterium, paracoccus, chromobacterium, achromobacter, acidithiobacillus, acidovorax, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, bacillus, cupriavium, dekkera, olspira, hygrobacter, hydrophaga, pseudomonas, pseudonocardia, rhizobium, rhodococcus, rhodopseudomonas, rhodospirillum, gluconobacter, flavobacterium, and Watertilla;
b) Acetobacter, and
c) Azospirillum.
The inventor prepares the microbial agent for promoting the growth of the rape through numerous experiments, can increase biological nitrogen fixation, simultaneously reduce the using amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the number of soil-borne diseases, reduce the dependence on chemical agents and produce more green rape products. The microbial agent can improve the yield of rape and increase the yield of rape per mu.
As a preferred embodiment of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of Brassica napus of the present invention, a) is a mixture of any two of Corynebacterium, paracoccus, chromobacterium, achromobacter, acidithiobacillus, acidovorax, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, bacillus, cupriavium, dexas, asperula, hygrobacter, hydrophaga, pseudomonas, pseudonocardia, rhizobium, rhodococcus, rhodopseudomonas, rhodospirillum, sphaerothiola, flavobacterium, and Watertia, each of the genera a) being 10 to 60 parts by weight; 10-40 parts of b) and 10-40 parts of c).
More preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: a) Is a mixture of corynebacterium and paracoccus, a mixture of chromobacterium and achromobacter, a mixture of acidithiobacillus and acidovorax, a mixture of alcaligenes and arthrobacter, a mixture of bacillus and cupreous, a mixture of dexrazoxane and aspherococcus, a mixture of hydrogenobacter and hydrogenphagostimulum, a mixture of pseudomonas and pseudonocardia, a mixture of rhizobia and rhodococcus, a mixture of rhodopseudomonas and rhodospirillum, a mixture of prothiococcus and xanthobacter, a mixture of flavobacterium and vorax, a mixture of rhodococcus and rhodospirillum, a mixture of pseudomonas and rhodopseudomonas, a mixture of acidovorax and alcaligenes, a mixture of cupropteria and paracoccus, a mixture of hydrogenphagostimulum and cupulothrix.
In the technical scheme of the invention, when a) is a mixture of corynebacterium and paracoccus, the germination time of the rapes is obviously shortened, the germination rate is obviously improved, the whole silique number is also obviously increased, the yield per mu is greatly improved, and the quality of the obtained rapes is higher. When a) is a mixture of Chromobacterium and Achromobacter, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption of the rape is reduced by half, the silique number of the whole plant is obviously improved, the average grain number per silique is also obviously increased, the thousand grain weight is obviously increased, the yield per plant is obviously increased, the yield per mu is greatly improved, and the quality of the obtained rapeseed is higher. When a) is a mixture of Acidithiobacillus and Acidovorax, the number of downy mildew germs of rape is obviously reduced, the number of clubroot disease germs of rape is obviously reduced, the number of sclerotinia sclerotiorum germs of rape is obviously reduced, the number of root rot disease germs of rape is obviously reduced, the number of damping-off disease germs of rape is obviously reduced, the number of acetobacter is obviously increased, the number of azospirillum is obviously increased, beneficial bacteria acetobacter and azospirillum near the root soil of rape can be improved, and harmful bacteria in the soil near the root of rape can be reduced. When a) is a mixture of Alcaligenes and Arthrobacter, the number of the hydroxide bacteria is obviously increased, and the number of the bacteria, the actinomycetes and the fungi are increased to different degrees, which shows that the microbial agent can improve the number of the microorganisms near the root soil of the rape. When a) is a mixture of bacillus and cuprophus, a mixture of dexrazoxane and wheezet, a mixture of hydrogenobacter and hydropyrophagus, a mixture of pseudomonas and pseudonocardia, a mixture of rhizobium and rhodococcus, a mixture of rhodopseudomonas and rhodospirillum, a mixture of sulfolobus and xanthobacter, a mixture of flavobacterium and vorax, a mixture of rhodococcus and rhodospirillum, a mixture of pseudomonas and rhodopseudomonas, a mixture of acidovorax and alcaligenes, a mixture of cuprophus and paracoccus, a mixture of hydropyrophagus and cuprophus, the yield of oilseed rape can be significantly increased.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a rape planting complex comprising the microbial inoculant for promoting the growth of rape as described above.
As a preferable embodiment of the rape planting compound, the rape planting compound further comprises an additive, wherein the additive is at least one of rice water, flour water, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, humic acid, methyl cellulose, palygorskite, hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenylic acid, diethylene glycol butyl acetate, catalase, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, proline, sodium dodecyl sulfate, pullulan, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, an antifreeze agent, propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, sodium starch phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, sodium alginate, sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, polyvinyl sorbitol and bentonite.
As preferred embodiments of the rape seed planting complex according to the present invention, the additives are 1) rice water, 2) flour water, 3) gamma-polyglutamic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide, 4) polyvinyl alcohol and seaweed extract, 5) hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and humic acid, 6) methyl cellulose and palygorskite, 7) hydroxypropyl starch ether and adenylic acid, 8) diethylene glycol butyl acetate and catalase, 9) sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and proline, 10) sodium dodecylsulfate and pullulan, 11) sodium dioctylsuccinate and antifreeze, 12) propylene glycol alginate and diethyl aminoethyl, 13) sodium starch phosphate and sodium nitrophenolate, 14) sodium alginate and sodium methylenedinaphthalene, 15) sodium polyacrylate and sodium lignin sulfonate, 16) polyoxyethylene and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 17) polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate, and 18) polyvinyl sorbitan and bentonite.
More preferably, the rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent and rice soup or flour soup according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
More preferably, the additive consists of 2-10 parts by weight of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyvinyl alcohol and 1 to 5 weight portions; or is composed of parts of seaweed extract; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1 to 5 weight portions of humic acid; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of methylcellulose and 1 to 5 weight portions of palygorskite; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of hydroxypropyl starch ether and 1 to 5 weight portions of adenosine; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and 1 to 5 weight portions of catalase; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1-5 parts by weight of proline; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-5 parts by weight of pullulan; or 2-10 parts by weight of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 1-5 parts by weight of antifreeze agent; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of propylene glycol alginate protease and 1 to 5 weight parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of sodium starch phosphate and 1 to 5 weight parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of sodium alginate and 1 to 5 weight parts of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 1-5 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyoxyethylene and 1 to 5 weight portions of monopotassium phosphate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1 to 5 weight portions of sodium alginate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyethylene sorbitan and 1 to 5 weight portions of bentonite.
The invention compounds the microbial inoculum and the rape planting compound, improves the yield of the rape, reduces the requirement of nitrogen fertilizer, reduces the increase of harmful bacteria, recovers the microbial population in the soil, and promotes the growth of the rape.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a method for planting rape, which uses the microbial inoculum to spray the roots and leaves of the rape.
It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide a method of oilseed rape planting using an oilseed rape planting compound as described above to impregnate oilseed rape seed.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for planting rape according to the present invention, the method for planting rape comprises the steps of:
s1, preparation before sowing: selecting varieties, applying organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and boric fertilizer, deeply loosening soil by 20-30 cm, carrying out rotary tillage on a plough layer by 15 cm, and finally harrowing or compacting;
s2, seed sunning and seed soaking: continuously solarizing rape seeds for 2-3 days, completely soaking rape seeds with the rape planting compound overnight, taking out rape seeds, placing at 15-20 deg.C for two days, and sowing on the third day;
s3, sowing: sowing rape seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing depth is 2-2.5 cm, compacting after sowing, planting seedlings of the rape with soil when the seedling age of the rape is 30-35 days, 5-6 green leaves and 5-6 mm thick roots, planting the seedlings of the rape with soil, planting 7000 plants per mu, while covering soil, and watering in time after the planting;
s4, field management: and (3) spraying the microbial inoculum with well water to roots and leaves of rape seedlings, weeding, topdressing, cleaning ditches, draining stains, spraying insecticide, and harvesting to obtain the rape.
As a preferred embodiment of the rape planting method, 0.1% of Sulebo or 0.5% of borax water solution is sprayed for 2-3 times uniformly in the initial and full-bloom periods of rape.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for planting the rapes, 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 25 to 30 kilograms of 45 percent general compound fertilizer or 30 to 40 kilograms of 36 percent compound fertilizer and 0.5 to 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer are applied to each mu in the step S1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by the mutual matching of the rape planting method and the microbial agent, the yield of the rape is better improved, the invalid cost of planting is reduced, the yield per mu is increased, the harvest of rape seeds is improved, and the microbial quantity in soil can be recovered; and the microbial agent can increase biological nitrogen fixation, reduce the use amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
The various microorganisms in the invention can be purchased in the market or can be obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center or NTCC type culture Collection center, and the preparation method of the various microorganism culture solutions adopts corresponding standard culture media and culture solutions according to the conventional culture method.
Example 1 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of corynebacterium, 55 parts of paracoccus, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 1 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 2 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
60 parts of corynebacterium, 60 parts of paracoccus, 40 parts of acetobacter and 40 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 2 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 3 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
10 parts of corynebacterium, 60 parts of paracoccus, 40 parts of acetobacter and 10 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 3 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 4 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
60 parts of corynebacterium, 40 parts of paracoccus, 10 parts of acetobacter and 40 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 4 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 5 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
60 parts of Chromobacterium, 30 parts of Achromobacter, 40 parts of Acetobacter and 20 parts of Azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 5 and flour soup according to the mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 6 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
acidithiobacillus 50 parts, acidovorax 55 parts, acetobacter 30 parts and Azospirillum 35 parts.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 6, 7 parts by weight of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 3 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Example 7 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of Alcaligenes, 55 parts of Arthrobacter, 30 parts of Acetobacter and 35 parts of Azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 7, 7 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 3 parts by weight of seaweed extract.
Example 8 microbial agent for promoting growth of rape and rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of bacillus, 55 parts of cuprious, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 8, 7 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 3 parts by weight of humic acid.
Example 9 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of Dexella, 55 parts of grass spirillum, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 9, 7 parts by weight of methylcellulose and 3 parts by weight of palygorskite.
Example 10 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 55 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound comprises the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 10, 7 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl starch ether and 3 parts by weight of adenylic acid.
Example 11 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of pseudomonas, 55 parts of pseudonocardia, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 11, 7 parts by weight of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and 3 parts by weight of catalase.
Example 12 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of rhizobia, 55 parts of rhodococcus, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 12, 7 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 3 parts by weight of proline.
Example 13 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 55 parts of rhodospirillum, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 13, 7 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 3 parts by weight of pullulan.
Example 14 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of genus Foliumet, 55 parts of genus xanthobacter, 30 parts of genus Acetobacter and 35 parts of genus Azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 14, 7 parts by weight of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 3 parts by weight of an antifreeze agent.
Example 15 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of flavobacterium, 55 parts of Wott bacillus, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound comprises the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 15, 7 parts by weight of propylene glycol algae protein acid ester and 3 parts by weight of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
Example 16 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting compositions for promoting oilseed rape growth of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of flavobacterium, 55 parts of flavobacterium, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 15, 7 parts by weight of sodium starch phosphate and 3 parts by weight of sodium nitrophenolate.
Example 17 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of rhodococcus, 55 parts of rhodospirillum, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 17, 7 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 3 parts by weight of sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate.
Example 18 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of pseudomonas, 55 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 18, 7 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 3 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate.
Example 19 microbial agent for promoting growth of oilseed rape and oilseed rape planting compound of the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of acidovorax, 55 parts of alcaligenes, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 19, 7 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene and 3 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
Example 20 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting compositions for promoting oilseed rape growth in accordance with the invention
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of cupriosis, 55 parts of paracoccus, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound comprises the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 20, 7 parts by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 3 parts by weight of sodium alginate.
Example 21 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of hydrophagocytophagoides, 55 parts of cupriopsis, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
A rape planting compound, which consists of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape in example 21, 7 parts by weight of polyvinyl sorbitan and 3 parts by weight of bentonite.
Example 22 microbial Agents and oilseed rape planting complexes of the invention to promote oilseed rape growth
A microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
50 parts of Chromobacterium, 55 parts of Achromobacter, 30 parts of Acetobacter and 35 parts of Azospirillum.
A rape planting compound is prepared from the microbial agent for promoting rape growth in example 22 and flour soup according to the mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 23A method of planting oilseed rape
A rape planting method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before broadcast
1. Variety selection: selecting naked rape seeds without medicine coating; selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong stress resistance and good high yield; the dry matter accumulation can be increased by selecting a variety with stronger winter property and sowing in proper early time and planting in early time, and the sowing period is reasonably arranged according to the variety characteristics;
2. fertilizer: the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adjusted, phosphorus and potassium are supplemented appropriately, the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by half relative to the current dosage, and the supplement of boron element is paid attention to. The rape plants are tall and large, the fertilizer requirement is large, the application of a base fertilizer is considered, the base fertilizer takes an organic fertilizer as a main component, an inorganic fertilizer as a paving component, a frequently-applied Shi Di seedling fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, a cured fertilizer is applied early, and a bolt fertilizer is applied after the seedlings are seen. 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of 45% general compound fertilizer or 30-40 kg of 36% compound fertilizer (15-10-11) and 0.5-1 kg of boron fertilizer are applied to each mu;
3. land shaping: selecting land blocks with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and applying organic fertilizer before planting. Ventilating and sunning the seedbed, deeply loosening the soil by 20-30 cm, carrying out rotary tillage on the plough layer by 15 cm by using a machine, and finally harrowing or compacting for 2 times. And (3) deeply applying organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and boric fertilizer in combination with soil turning and soil preparation, and avoiding over shallow application of the fertilizer so as to avoid medium and later period fertilizer release of the rape, and carrying out rotary tillage and harrowing and pressing after the fertilizer is applied.
2. Seeding
1. Sun-drying seeds: before sowing, the seeds are spread on dry sunny ground, are continuously exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 days, and are turned over with attention, so that the seeds are uniformly exposed to the sun, and the activity of the seeds is improved;
2. soaking the seeds with microorganisms: the rape seed is soaked in the rape planting compound prepared in the example 1-21 for one night, the rape seed is fished up and placed at 15-20 ℃ for two days, and the rape seed is sowed on the third day;
3. seeding
The rape is directly sown in the field, and the rape is very sensitive to the reaction of the sowing time. The rape germination needs the daily average temperature of 16-22 ℃, and the seedling emergence can be smoothly carried out only by 10-15 ℃. The rape needs to ensure that at least 40-50 days of effective growth period can enter the overwintering period. The rape seed sowing needs to ensure that the seeds are uniformly distributed, the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking, cong Miao and the like are reduced, and the full, uniform, neat and strong seedlings are realized. If no base fertilizer is applied during deep scarification, seed fertilizer can be applied simultaneously, the monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride mixed fertilizer is taken as the main component, and the seeding depth of the rape is 2-2.5 cm. And is compacted to a certain extent after sowing. Can adopt the suitable roller to press in time when the soil moisture content is suitable after sowing.
3. Field management
1. Root spraying: before the occurrence of late spring coldness, the microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1-21 is mixed with well water according to the proportion of 1: 10 to spray roots on rape seedlings, so that the root development is promoted, the later lodging can be avoided, and the nutrition absorption and transportation can be promoted;
2. topdressing: in the seedling stage, additional phosphorus potassium fertilizer is applied, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is properly reduced, a protective agent is sprayed on leaf surfaces, a layer of fluorescent protective film is formed on the surface, the freezing injury can be avoided during wintering, and the specific additional fertilizer amount is determined according to the growth vigor of the rape; if the rape is heavily drought-stricken in winter, the plants grow weaker and suffer from frost damage in spring, the moss fertilizer is heavily applied, and 7-10 kg/mu of urea is applied to promote the rape to quickly recover to grow and have multiple branches. Rape is sensitive to boron deficiency, if drought is severe, boron fertilizer is applied, 0.1% boron celecoxib or 0.5% boron sand aqueous solution is sprayed for 60 kilograms/mu in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, and the boron fertilizer is uniformly sprayed for 2-3 times. 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 1 percent of urea are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of weak rape. The rape bolting period is the period of combining vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the plants quickly bolt, grow branches and greatly differentiate flower buds, and the period of requiring most fertilizer is the period of requiring most fertilizer, and the fertilizing time is generally the bolting middle period, and the height of the bolt is preferably 15-30 cm. The fertilizer is applied, urea can be applied to the rapes with poor growth vigor before and after the initial flowering phase, but the rapes with enough base fertilizer are not applied, because the rapes often cause greenish lodging;
3. clearing and removing water stains: cleaning 3 ditches in time and discharging open water;
4. and (3) pest control: when the rape grows in the seedling stage, diseases and insect pests easily occur, and targeted medicaments are sprayed in time to prevent diseases. In the flowering period, the rain is more years, and particularly, the prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of colza are enhanced.
4. Harvesting
When 2/3 of the pods of the rape in the whole field are yellow green, which is the best period for harvesting, the highest oil content and the highest yield of the rape can be obtained by harvesting; the rape is in a suitable harvest period about 25-30 days after the rape flowers end. The rape is harvested with dew in the morning of a sunny day, so that the rape pod can be prevented from cracking and falling. The harvesting process needs to be gentle in operation, and the mechanical operation needs to prevent the dehiscent horn of the horn and the fruit from scattering.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 21 is that 50 parts of Acetobacter were used, and the other components and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The composition and content of the microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape and the rape planting compound in the comparative example 2 are the same as those in the example 21, and the conventional planting method is adopted.
Experimental example and rape planting test
1. The rape seed variety to be tested is Hunan oil No. 17, the rape seed to be used is rape seed produced in the same batch, the microbial agent prepared in example 1-4 and a common control group 1-2 (without using the microbial agent, the traditional planting method) are used for planting experiments, each test field uses the microbial agent, each control group test field does not use the microbial agent, other conditions are the same, the emergence rate of the rape, the yield per plant and the yield per mu of the rape are counted for 5 times, the average value is taken, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1
Through t-test analysis, compared with a control group 1-2, the rape germination time of the groups of examples 1-4 is obviously shortened, the germination rate is obviously improved, the pod number of the whole plant is also obviously increased, the yield per mu is greatly improved, and the quality of the obtained rapeseeds is higher. The published Ming microbial inoculum and the planting method of the invention can germinate the Huaxiang oil No. 17 rape, reduce the seedling loss of the Huaxiang oil No. 17 rape and improve the acre yield of the Huaxiang oil No. 17 rape.
2. The rape seed variety to be tested is Zhejiang oil 33 rape, the rape is planted in a rural area in a Tan-Tan county in Ma shop in Henan province, planting experiments are carried out by using the microbial agents in examples 5 and 22, the experimental group (using the microbial agent and halving the nitrogen fertilizer amount) of the planting method (example 23) and common control groups 1-2 (using no microbial agent and a traditional planting method and halving no nitrogen fertilizer), each experimental group test field uses the microbial agent, each control group test field does not use the microbial agent, other conditions are the same, the whole plant silique number, the average grain number and the thousand grain weight of the rape are counted, the plant yield and the yield per mu of the rape are calculated, the experiment statistics is carried out for 5 times, the average value is obtained, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 2
Through t-test analysis, compared with the control group 1, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption of the rape of the embodiment 5 is reduced by half, the pod number of the whole plant is obviously improved, the average grain number per pod is also obviously increased, the thousand kernel weight is obviously increased, the plant yield is obviously increased, the yield per mu is greatly improved, and the quality of the obtained rapeseeds is higher. It is found that compared with the control group 2, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage of the rape in the example 22 is reduced by half, the pod number of the whole plant is obviously improved, the average grain number per pod is also obviously increased, the thousand kernel weight is obviously increased, the yield per plant is obviously increased, the yield per mu is obviously improved, and the quality of the obtained rapeseeds is higher. The microbial agent and the planting method disclosed by the invention are capable of improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for Zhejiang oil No. 33 rape, reducing the fertilizer loss of Zhejiang oil No. 33 rape and improving the acre yield of Zhejiang oil No. 33 rape.
3. The rape seed variety to be tested is Ningza 1838 rape, and is planted in the fresh district of Qing Yuan City, guangdong province, taihe town of Wanshou village. The experimental group (using the microbial agent) and the planting method of the invention in example 6 and the common control group (not using the microbial agent, and the traditional planting method) are used for carrying out planting experiments, each experimental group test field uses the microbial agent, each control group test field does not use the microbial agent, other conditions are the same, common soil-borne pathogenic bacteria near the root system of the rape planted in soil are measured, the experiments are counted for 5 times, the results are averaged, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 3
Through t-test analysis, the number of the downy mildew germs of the rape of the group in the embodiment 6 is obviously reduced, the number of the clubroot disease germs of the rape is obviously reduced, the number of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum germs of the rape is obviously reduced, the number of the root rot disease germs of the rape is obviously reduced, the number of the damping-off disease germs of the rape is obviously reduced, the number of the acetobacter is obviously increased, and the number of the azospirillum is obviously increased compared with the control group. The microbial agent and the planting method can improve beneficial bacteria, namely acetobacter aceti and azospirillum, near the Ningza 1838 rape root system soil and reduce harmful bacteria near the Ningza 1838 rape root system soil.
4. The seed variety of the vegetable to be tested is the rape Ganxiang 1009, and is planted in Taihe Zhen Mo Shoucun in the fresh district of Qing and Yuan city in Guangdong province and in the Tan city, xiping county, henan province. The experimental group (using the microbial agent) and the planting method of the invention in example 7 and the common control group (not using the microbial agent, and the traditional planting method) are used for carrying out planting experiments, each experimental group test field uses the microbial agent, each control group test field does not use the microbial agent, and other conditions are the same, and the rhizosphere soil of the rape is collected and compared with the soil microbial species. Analyzing the number of the hydroxide bacteria by using MSA culture medium; calculating the number of bacteria by using a beef extract peptone culture medium; testing the quantity of the actinomycetes by using a starch ammonium agar culture medium; the fungal count was calculated using potato-sucrose agar medium. The experiment counts 5 times, the results are averaged, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 4
Through t-test analysis, the number of the hydroxide bacteria in the group of example 7 is obviously increased compared with that in the control group, and the number of the bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the experimental group is increased to different degrees. The microbial agent and the planting method of the invention can improve the quantity of microorganisms near the soil of the root system of the gan oil hybrid 1009 rape.
5. When compared with the planting experiment performed by the general control group (without using the microbial agent, the conventional planting method), the yield improvement rates of the rapes obtained by using the microbial agents and the planting methods of examples 8 to 21 (example 23) and the microbial agents and the planting methods of comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
From the data in table 5, it can be seen that the microbial agents and planting methods of examples 8-21 of the present invention significantly increased the yield of the rape compared to the planting experiments performed by the general control group (without using the microbial agent, the conventional planting method), and the yield of the rape was insufficient by the microbial agent and planting method of example 21 when the weight fraction of acetobacter was changed (comparative example 1) or the conventional planting method was used.
According to the invention, through the mutual cooperation of the rape planting method and the microbial agent, the yield of the rape is better improved, the invalid cost of planting is reduced, the yield per mu is increased, and the harvest of rape seeds is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The microbial agent for promoting the growth of rape is characterized by comprising the following genera in parts by weight:
50 parts of hydrophagocytophagoides, 55 parts of cupriopsis, 30 parts of acetobacter and 35 parts of azospirillum.
2. A rape planting complex, comprising the microbial inoculant for promoting the growth of rape of claim 1.
3. The canola planting complex of claim 2, further comprising an additive which is at least one of rice soup, pasta soup, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, humic acid, methyl cellulose, palygorskite, hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenylic acid, diethylene glycol butylacetate, catalase, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, proline, sodium lauryl sulfate, pullulan, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, antifreeze, propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl, sodium starch phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, sodium alginate, sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, polyvinyl sorbitan, and bentonite.
4. The canola planting complex of claim 3, wherein the additives are 1) rice soup, 2) flour soup, 3) gamma-polyglutamic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide, 4) polyvinyl alcohol and seaweed extract, 5) hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and humic acid, 6) methyl cellulose and palygorskite, 7) hydroxypropyl starch ether and adenylic acid, 8) diethylene glycol butyl acetate and catalase, 9) sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and proline, 10) sodium dodecylsulfate and pullulan, 11) sodium dioctyl succinate and antifreeze, 12) propylene glycol alginate and diethyl aminoethyl, 13) sodium starch phosphate and sodium nitrophenolate, 14) sodium alginate and sodium methylene dinaphthalene, 15) sodium polyacrylate and sodium lignin sulfonate, 16) polyoxyethylene and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 17) polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate, and 18) polyvinyl sorbitan and bentonite.
5. A method for rape planting, characterized in that the microbial inoculant according to claim 1 is sprayed on the roots and leaves of rape.
6. A method of oilseed rape planting, characterized in that oilseed rape seed is soaked with an oilseed rape planting compound as claimed in claim 3 or 4.
7. The method of oilseed rape planting as claimed in claim 6 comprising the steps of:
s1, preparation before sowing: selecting varieties, applying organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and boric fertilizer, deeply loosening soil by 20-30 cm, carrying out rotary tillage on a plough layer by 15 cm, and finally harrowing or compacting;
s2, seed sunning and seed soaking: continuously exposing rape seeds for 2-3 days, completely soaking the rape seeds by using the rape planting compound as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, taking out the rape seeds after night, placing the rape seeds at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ for two days, and sowing the rape seeds on the third day;
s3, sowing: sowing rape seeds on a seedbed, wherein the sowing depth is 2-2.5 cm, compacting after sowing, planting seedlings of the rape with soil when the seedling age of the rape is 30-35 days, 5-6 green leaves and 5-6 mm thick roots, planting the seedlings of the rape with soil, planting 7000 plants per mu, while covering soil, and watering in time after the planting;
s4, field management: spraying the microbial inoculum of claim 1 in well water to the roots and leaves of rape seedlings, weeding, topdressing, cleaning ditches, removing stains, spraying insecticide, and harvesting to obtain rape.
8. The method for planting rape as claimed in claim 7, wherein 0.1% of Sulebo or 0.5% of borax water solution is sprayed at 60 kg/mu in the early and full flowering stages of rape, and is uniformly sprayed for 2-3 times.
9. The method for planting rape as claimed in claim 7, wherein 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of 45% general purpose compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of boron fertilizer are applied per mu in the step S1; or 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 30 to 40 kilograms of 36 percent compound fertilizer and 0.5 to 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer are applied to each mu in the step S1.
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