CN112980701A - 促进铁皮石斛种子萌发及生长的复合菌剂 - Google Patents
促进铁皮石斛种子萌发及生长的复合菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种促进铁皮石斛种子萌发及生长的复合菌剂，包括由胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌组成的复合菌液；在复合菌液加入5％PTA silkworm‑P4，得复合菌剂。采用本发明的复合菌剂既能促进石斛种子的萌发，并形成具有菌根的石斛苗，从而促进石斛生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物菌肥领域，尤其是一种促进铁皮石斛种子萌发及生长的复合菌剂。
背景技术
铁皮石斛是兰科石斛属多年生附生植物，在医药领域的研究与开发方面应用广泛。铁皮石斛是我国传统名贵中药，为中华“九大仙草”之首，具有益胃生津、滋阴清热的功效。现代医学研究表明，铁皮石斛可有效增强机体免疫力，在抗癌、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、促消化、降血糖及促进骨细胞增殖方面具有明显作用。当前由于铁皮石斛生长缓慢，对环境条件要求较严格，产区药农长期采挖等因素导致自然资源已濒临灭绝。
铁皮石斛种子细小且无胚乳，自然条件下必须与特定真菌种共生才能萌发。当前，石斛组织培养体系已成功建立，可大量繁殖石斛无性苗，但无性苗根粗大，根毛不发达，不能满足植物对水分和营养物质的需求，因而移栽成活率低、生长缓慢、生长周期长等问题，此外，组培培养的无性苗在药用价值上比之野生种差异甚大。因而，如何用自然手段诱导石斛种子萌发，培养出与野生石斛苗相似品质的人工种具有重大意义。
现有的铁皮石斛的培养方法有：
1、专利《一种铁皮石斛的复合菌剂》(CN 106497838 A)中告知该复合菌剂为促生放线菌克兰斯基链霉菌与供试铁皮石斛促生菌根真菌瘤菌根菌属和胶膜菌属按照1:1:1的比例配比获得。
2、专利《一种铁皮石斛栽培种植菌根化生产方法》(CN 102150615 A)中告知该采用固体或液体培养基培养菌根真菌，菌根真菌为菌根真菌LP2半知菌亚门镰刀菌属(Fusariumsp.)、菌根真菌LP3半知菌亚门轮枝霉属(Verticilliumsp.)或两种的混合菌株。
3、专利《促进兰科植物种子萌发的三种真菌菌株》(CN 101565676 A)中告知三种真菌菌株为丝核菌属真菌、胶膜菌属真菌和小菇属真菌。
4、论文《兰科菌根共生效应研究进展》中告知小菇属、镰刀菌属和蜜环菌属的真菌对兰科植物的萌发具有促进作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种铁皮石斛的复合菌剂，采用本发明的复合菌剂即能促进石斛种子的萌发，并形成具有菌根的石斛苗，从而促进石斛生长。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种铁皮石斛复合菌剂，包括由胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌组成的复合菌液；在复合菌液加入5％PTA silkworm-P4。即，每100ml的复合菌液中加入5g的PTA silkworm-P4。
作为本发明的铁皮石斛复合菌剂的改进：将胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌分别制成浓度为30～50CFU/mL的悬稀释液；将4种悬稀释液等体积比混合，得复合菌液。
本发明所述的PTA silkworm-P4，在专利号201110069545.4的发明《家蚕反应器高效表达三叶半夏凝集素》中有告知。
铁皮石斛存活难在于1年小苗容易感染有害细菌，造成烂根。本发明通过选用合适的真菌组成复合菌液，并配合适宜配比浓度，且加入PTA silkworm-P4作为有害细菌抑制剂防止有害细菌感染，达到既促进生长又防止小苗根部污染腐烂的目的，具有促进生长，防止烂根的优点，本发明有利于石斛苗尤其是一年小苗的生长，即可促进生长又可以防止烂根，提高一年苗存活率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1、铁皮石斛的复合菌剂，包含胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌。以上菌种均能通过常规市购的形式获得，例如可购自山东拓普生物工程有限公司：M4103的胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、M4112的镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌，M4160的小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌，M4173的蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌。
将上述胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌分别制成浓度为30CFU/mL悬稀释液。再按1:1:1:1的体积比混合形成复合菌液，最后加入5％PTA silkworm-P4混合。即，每100ml的复合菌液中加入5g的PTA silkworm-P4。
PTA silkworm-P4对有害细菌有抑制作用。
对比例1-1、取消实施例1中蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌，并将实施例1中“镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌”更改为“瘤菌根菌属真菌”，“小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌”更改为“克兰斯基链霉菌”，即，将胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、瘤菌根菌属真菌和克兰斯基链霉菌分别制成浓度为30CFU/mL悬稀释液。再按1:1:1的体积比混合形成复合菌液，最后加入5％PTA silkworm-P4混合。
对比例1-2、取消实施例1中蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌和胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌，并将“小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌”更改为“轮枝霉属(Verticilliumsp.)真菌”，即，将镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌和轮枝霉属(Verticilliumsp.)真菌分别制成浓度为30CFU/mL悬稀释液。再按1:1的体积比混合形成复合菌液，最后加入5％PTA silkworm-P4混合。
对比例1-3、取消实施例1中蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌，并将实施例1中“镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌”更改为“丝核菌属真菌”，即，将胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、丝核菌属真菌和小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌分别制成浓度为30CFU/mL悬稀释液。再按照1:1:1的体积比混合形成复合菌液；最后加入5％PTA silkworm-P4混合。
对比例1-4、将实施例1“蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌”更改为“毛壳菌属(Chaetomium sp.)”，即，胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和毛壳菌属(Chaetomium sp.)分别制成浓度为30CFU/mL悬稀释液。再按1:1:1:1的体积比混合形成复合菌液；最后加入5％PTA silkworm-P4混合。
实验1、利用上述实施例1所得复合菌剂促进铁皮石斛种子于培养基中萌发，具体步骤如下：
在无菌条件下，取0.1ml复合菌剂于200ml燕麦培养基(常规培养基)中；按照常规方式将表面消毒后的铁皮石斛种子加入少量无菌水，制成种子悬浮液，吸取50ul的种子悬浮液均匀地涂抹在燕麦培养基上，先25℃暗培养7d后，再室内自然光条件下培养至菌根生成(带疣状突起的根长度超过15mm，菌根上带有5mm菌块)，此室内自然光条件下的培养一般需要14天左右。最后可按照常规方法进行移栽和种植。
对比例1-1～对比例1-4所得的复合菌剂按照上述实验1所述方法进行，所得结果与本发明实施例1所得复合菌剂的对比，如下表1所示：
表1
注：空白对照即将0.1ml复合菌剂更改为0.1ml纯净水。成活率为移栽后的一年苗存活率。
实验2、利用实施例1所得复合菌剂促进铁皮石斛种子于自然条件下萌发，具体步骤如下：
将木屑用沸水煮1h后，转移到用沸水浸泡过的干净花盆中，置于室温(25℃)；用复合菌剂将木屑浇透，按照常规方式撒入铁皮石斛种子；先放入暗处培养10～15d，并保证木屑湿度在80％～95％之间；再自然条件下培养至菌根(带疣状突起的根长度超过15mm，菌根上带有5mm菌块)生成，最后可按照常规方法进行移栽和种植。
对比例1-1～对比例1-4所得的复合菌剂按照上述实验2所述方法进行，所得结果与本发明实施例1所得复合菌剂的对比，如下表2所示：
表2
注：空白对照即将复合菌剂更改为纯净水。成活率为移栽后的一年苗存活率。
实验3、利用实施例1所得复合菌剂促进铁皮石斛组培苗形成菌根，具体步骤如下：
在无菌条件下，取0.1ml复合菌剂加入至200mlDE共生培养基中，同时接入3～4株铁皮石斛组培苗，于25℃、12h、2000lx光照条件下培养至菌根生成(带疣状突起的根长度超过15mm，菌根上带有5mm菌块)，培养时间至少需要1星期；最后可按照常规方法进行移栽和种植。移栽后的成活率基本能达到99％。
对比例1-1～对比例1-4所得的复合菌剂按照上述实验3所述方法进行，在相同的培养时间下，菌根上不能形成有效的菌块，且，移栽后的成活率也远不如本发明(4个对比例中属于效果最佳的对比例1-4，成活率也不到88％)。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.促进铁皮石斛种子萌发及生长的复合菌剂，其特征是：包括由胶膜菌属(Tulasnellasp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillaria sp.)真菌组成的复合菌液；在复合菌液加入5％PTA silkworm-P4，得复合菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁皮石斛复合菌剂，其特征是：将胶膜菌属(Tulasnella sp.)真菌、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)真菌、小菇属(Mycena sp.)真菌和蜜环菌属(Armillariasp.)真菌分别制成浓度为30～50CFU/mL的悬稀释液；将4种悬稀释液等体积比混合，得复合菌液。
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