CN112979354A

CN112979354A - Formula and method for preparing organic fertilizer from edible fungus waste

Info

Publication number: CN112979354A
Application number: CN201911265230.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩玉才
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-12-02
Filing date: 2019-12-02
Publication date: 2021-06-18

Abstract

A formula and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from edible fungus waste materials. The patent relates to agricultural comprehensive utilization and ecological agriculture. The patent researches the species, the quantity, the culture method, the substrate formula, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen, the pile turning time and other technical problems of the fermented probiotics. The optimal combination of fermenting probiotics was studied. Compared with the existing primary fermentation process, the secondary fermentation process researched by the patent has the substantial characteristic of improving the yield, and the combination of the fermentation probiotics is remarkably improved in the aspect of improving the fertilizer efficiency. The researched edible fungus waste materials are prepared into organic fertilizers, so that the added value of the edible fungus industry is improved. The improvement of the added value also improves the economic benefit of the edible fungus industry, thereby belonging to high-efficiency agriculture. The edible fungus waste is fully utilized and is converted into organic fertilizer. But also promotes the development of the fertile soil engineering and ecological agriculture.

Description

Formula and method for preparing organic fertilizer from edible fungus waste

The technical field; this patent relates to fertilizer manufacturing industry. In particular to a formula and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from edible fungus waste materials. More particularly relates to agricultural comprehensive utilization and ecological agriculture.

Background

As is well known, the edible fungus industry has become the first choice for rural agricultural structure adjustment.

The edible fungus industry needs to be developed greatly and must be advanced with time. The current global situation and development situation of the edible fungus industry in the world is to keep the total amount increasing and expand the edible fungus industry to deeper and wider fields.

At present, the production of edible fungi becomes a new industry, and high attention and leap-type development are paid. However, with the rapid expansion of the cultivation scale of edible fungi, more and more waste materials are generated in the production process, most of the waste materials are thrown away as waste materials, which not only causes the waste of resources, but also seriously pollutes the environment. The waste materials are effectively utilized, and good economic benefit and ecological benefit can be generated. Therefore, it is particularly desirable to produce organic fertilizers from these wastes with high fertilizer efficiency.

The waste edible fungus material is the waste culture material after the edible fungi are cultivated, and is also called fungi health, waste fungus sticks, fungus dregs and the like.

The content of organic matters and nutrient elements in the edible fungus waste are determined by assay, the content of the organic matters is 67.68 percent, and the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is 0.98 percent and 0.60 percent respectively (P)₂O₅) And 0.48% (K)₂O), the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are 306mg/kg, 2555mg/kg and 3750mg/kg respectively; in addition, the fertilizer also contains a large amount of active microorganisms and residues thereof, which are excellent raw materials for preparing organic fertilizer,

the preparation of the edible fungus waste into the organic fertilizer is a model for the utilization of agricultural resources. Agriculture is an industry that develops and utilizes biological resources. The terrestrial biological resources are divided into three major categories, plants, animals and microorganisms. In traditional agriculture, the utilization of plant and animal resources is limited, and agriculture with a two-dimensional structure is constructed, and the industrial structure can generate adverse effects on the ecological environment. In nature, plants are producers, animals are consumers, microorganisms are decomposers, and virtuous circle of the earth biosphere can be formed only by the coordination of the three. The agriculture with a three-dimensional structure formed by the plant planting industry, the animal breeding industry and the microbial fermentation transformation industry embodies virtuous cycle of resources and accords with new agriculture of sustainable development strategy. The present patent is based on the industrial utilization of agricultural microbial resources.

The organic fertilizer researched by the patent is beneficial to decomposition and release of soil nutrients after being applied to soil, and is a good matrix of the fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is developed by utilizing the waste produced by the edible fungi, so that the soil can be fertilized, and the yield of crops can be increased, the income of farmers can be increased, and the agricultural efficiency can be improved. The method is necessary for building ecological agriculture and high-efficiency agriculture.

The research content;

the patent is based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the edible fungus waste. The biological fermentation research of the organic fertilizer is carried out. The species of the biological fermentation probiotics are researched,

this patent conducted a study of the fermentation strains. The organic matter in the waste is mainly degraded by a large amount of bacteria and fungi. The patent researches the types of test bacteria. The species of these test bacteria are also known as fermentation probiotics. (it has been collectively referred to as fermentation probiotics hereinafter).

The degradation effect of the fermented probiotics on the edible fungus waste materials is different according to the types of the probiotics, and the degradation effect is different. The degradation rate is different, and the degradation rate directly influences the fertility of the organic fertilizer.

Therefore, the research on the types of the fermentation probiotics is carried out, and the effective combination of the fermentation probiotics is researched through a large number of experiments and comparative experiments. The effective combination plays a role in promoting each other, improving the activity of each other, reducing competitive inhibition as much as possible among each other and degrading organic matters rapidly.

The types of the fermentation probiotics comprise; lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, monascus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria, aspergillus niger, trichoderma, saccharomycete, bacillus licheniformis, enterococcus faecalis, azotobacter, pseudomonas, chrysogenum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus pumilus.

The patent researches various pure cultures of fermentation probiotics, and the composite strains are prepared after the pure cultures.

According to different types of the fermentation probiotics, special pure culture is carried out.

Formulations between the various categories were performed. Proportioning. A culture method of various probiotics. And the research of a pre-fermentation method, a post-fermentation method, a pure culture method of each probiotic thereof and an ecological method process of biological compost.

The thermophilic actinomycetes are first cultured ecologically. High temperature actinomycetes are used for high temperature fermentation of the waste material. Promoting the decomposition of the cellulose in the waste material. And kill harmful microorganisms in the waste material and promote the degradation of organic components in the waste material.

And performing secondary fermentation after the actinomycete is fermented at high temperature. The secondary fermentation is also called medium temperature fermentation because of low temperature. The medium-temperature fermentation has the function of keeping the activity of the fermentation probiotics, so that the fermentation probiotics can play a role in nitrification, phosphorus degradation and potassium degradation.

In the medium-temperature fermentation, the probiotics to be tested are firstly subjected to pure culture, and a pure culture method is researched. In the fermentation, the pure culture method of various probiotics and the medium-temperature fermentation method of the probiotics to waste materials are researched.

A large number of basic tests and comparative test verification tests are carried out to obtain the high-temperature fermentation method of the high-temperature actinomycetes. A medium-temperature fermentation method of probiotics. Composting process for converting waste into organic fertilizer.

The key technology adopted by the project is the exploration of the optimal conditions of ferment bacteria growth environmental factors for fermenting edible fungus waste materials, the ecological cultivation technology found in the research of the growth mechanism of various bacteria and biological groups, the cooperation mechanism and the competitive inhibition mechanism, and the main technical innovation points are as follows: improve the precipitation of the extracellular enzyme of the ferment bacteria. The hydrogen sulfide generated by sulfate reducing bacteria reacts with metal ions to form insoluble sulfide precipitate, and the bacteria actinomycetes reduce mercury ions into elemental mercury, so that the mercury is volatilized from the soil, the soil mercury and lead, selenium, arsenic and the like thereof are methylated by microorganisms, the toxicity of methylated products is reduced, and the soil-fertilizing engineering is achieved.

Through various comparative experiments, the optimal technical parameters are found out. The technical parameters have good effect on fermentation of the edible fungus waste materials and have effective degradation effect on cellulose. Promoting the conversion of organic matters and being beneficial to improving the fertilizer efficiency. The method has great promotion effect on straw returning, ecological agriculture, agricultural comprehensive utilization and soil-fertilizing engineering.

A specific technical scheme is adopted;

the patent researches the species, the quantity, the culture method, the substrate formula, the culture temperature, the culture humidity, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen, the pile turning time and other technical parameters of the fermented probiotics.

1; a culture medium of Thermoactinomyces. The composition is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight. 20 g of soluble starch. 1 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of sodium chloride, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 g of ferrous sulfate, 20 g of agar and 1000 ml of water, wherein the pH value is 7.2-7.4. Subpackaging and sterilizing for later use.

2; the bacteria culture medium consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight. 200 ml of soybean water, 10 g of beef extract, 20 g of peptone, 10 g of sodium chloride, 30 g of glucose and 1000 ml of water, and the pH value is 7.4-7.6. Subpackaging and sterilizing for later use.

3; and (4) a fungus culture medium. The composition is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight. Potato 200 g, glucose powder 50 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 g, peptone 10 g, magnesium sulfate 2 g and agar 20 g. 1000 ml of water, pH 7.2 to 7.4. Subpackaging and sterilizing for later use.

4; photosynthetic bacteria culture medium. 10 g of sodium acetate, 5 g of peptone, 3 g of sodium chloride, 6 g of sodium bicarbonate, 4 g of sodium thiosulfate, 3 g of sodium chloride, 1 g of magnesium sulfate and 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 1000 ml of water, pH 8 to 8.5. Subpackaging and sterilizing for later use.

5; and (3) a composite bacterium culture medium. The feed consists of rice bran 10 kg, soybean powder 500 g, white sugar 300 g, fish meal 200 g, urea 150 g, trace elements 150 g, pH 7.5-7.7 and water content 55%. Packaging and sterilizing, and performing shallow solid culture.

The optimal combination of the fermentation probiotics is screened out through repeated research and comparative tests, and the optimal combination is; trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, microzyme, lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, monascus and enterococcus faecalis. And (5) measuring. The combination is carried out. Fermented organic fertilizer. The organic content is increased by 5.2 to 5.5 percent compared with other combinations.

The patent researches a twice fermentation process on the fermentation process. The comparative experiment proves that the fermentation effect of the two-time fermentation process is superior to that of the one-time fermentation process.

Removing the bag of the edible fungus waste material, drying the sun and crushing.

Fermenting the waste material by using high-temperature actinomycetes for the first time, wherein the optimal inoculation amount is obtained through a quantitative test of the inoculation amount; the inoculation is carried out according to the quantity that the ratio of high-temperature actinomycete strains to waste materials is 1: 120, and experiments prove that the inoculation quantity is less, the temperature rise is slow, the inoculation quantity is more, the strains are wasted, and the cost is increased. The inoculation needs to be stirred uniformly, and the fermentation pile is 1, 5m high, 2.2 m wide and 10-20 m long.

The fermentation temperature is 72-75 ℃, and the fermentation time is 12 days. Oxygen is introduced to turn the piles for fermentation, and the piles are turned once every 3 days. The turning adopts a middle and periphery raw material transposition method.

Then, performing medium-temperature fermentation on the raw materials by using composite zymophyte, wherein the optimal inoculation amount is determined by quantitative test of the inoculation amount; inoculating the composite zymophyte strain and the waste material in a ratio of 1: 100, and testing to prove; the inoculation amount is less than the nitrification in the initial stage, the phosphate and potassium dissolving effects are slow, the inoculation amount is more than the wasted strains, and the cost is increased. According to the composite zymophyte strains: inoculating the waste material in a ratio of 1: 100, uniformly stirring the inoculated material,

and adding 15% of chicken manure, stacking and fermenting.

The fermentation pile is 1, 5 meters high, 2.5 meters wide and 10-20 meters long. The fermentation temperature is 40-47 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20 days. Oxygen is introduced to turn the piles for fermentation, and the piles are turned once every 5 days. The turning adopts a middle and periphery raw material transposition method.

This patent was tested. The determination uses a drying method, the content is calculated according to the percentage, and the content of the main components of the secondary fermentation is determined according to the percentage, and the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is determined; 53. 2.3 of total nitrogen, 2.2 of total phosphorus and 4.9 of total potassium.

The content of the main components of the organic matters fermented at one time is percent, and the content of the organic matters of the organic fertilizer is percent; 49. 2.1 of total nitrogen, 1.9 of total phosphorus and 4.4 of total potassium.

Organic fertilizer for secondary fermentation process. The indexes of organic matters and the like of the product are higher than those of the product obtained by one-time fermentation.

Plant verification was also performed in this patent. The plant is verified by using millet which is particularly sensitive to fertilizer efficiency. The test was designed according to the field test method.

The experimental result is as follows. The average plant height of the disposable fermentation method is 81 CM. The average plant height of the secondary fermentation process is 102 CM. Yield; the yield per mu of the one-time fermentation is 151 kilograms. The yield per mu of the secondary fermentation is 172 kg.

After comparison. The product of the secondary fermentation process is increased by 12 to 2 percent compared with the product of the primary fermentation process.

Compared with the existing primary fermentation process, the secondary fermentation process researched by the patent has the substantial characteristic of improving the yield, and the combination of the fermentation probiotics is remarkably improved in the aspect of improving the fertilizer efficiency.

A new process for preparing the edible fungus waste into the organic fertilizer. The edible fungus waste is converted into high-efficiency organic fertilizer. The waste of the edible fungus industry is fully utilized. This also increases the added value of the edible fungus industry. The improvement of the added value also improves the economic benefit of the edible fungus industry, thereby belonging to high-efficiency agriculture. The edible fungus waste is fully utilized and is converted into organic fertilizer. But also promotes the development of ecological agriculture.

Claims

1. A formula and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using edible fungus waste materials, which are mainly characterized in that; the optimal combination of the fermentation probiotics and the new secondary fermentation process are researched.

2. The features of claim 1; optimal combinations of fermenting probiotics; consists of trichoderma, aspergillus niger, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, monascus and enterococcus faecalis.

3. The features of claim 1; the first fermentation is carried out by pure cultured high-temperature actinomycetes at the temperature of 72-77 ℃, the bacteria are inoculated according to the amount of the high-temperature actinomycetes and the waste material which are 1: 120, the second fermentation is carried out by the optimal combination of fermentation probiotics at the temperature of 40-47 ℃, and the bacteria are inoculated according to the amount of the composite fermentation bacteria and the waste material which are 1: 100.