CN112955340A - 具有拖曳力矩降低的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置 - Google Patents

具有拖曳力矩降低的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112955340A
CN112955340A CN201980067961.5A CN201980067961A CN112955340A CN 112955340 A CN112955340 A CN 112955340A CN 201980067961 A CN201980067961 A CN 201980067961A CN 112955340 A CN112955340 A CN 112955340A
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Prior art keywords
transmission
hybrid drive
input shaft
electric machine
combustion engine
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CN201980067961.5A
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English (en)
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M·弗里德里希
O·富尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/08—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing for rendering engine inoperative or idling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的混合动力驱动装置，该混合动力驱动装置包括电机和内燃机。此外，所述混合动力驱动装置包括具有变速器输入轴的变速器，其中，电机和内燃机以不可脱耦的方式与变速器输入轴耦联。因此，尤其是在使用拖曳力矩降低的内燃机时能够实现电机的高效连接。

Description

具有拖曳力矩降低的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力驱动装置。尤其是，本发明涉及一种能够利用降低拖曳力矩的内燃机来运行的混合动力驱动装置。
背景技术
具有混合动力驱动装置的车辆包括内燃机和至少一个电机，所述内燃机和电机分别单独地使用和/或共同地使用，以便提供在车辆变速器上所要求的驱动力矩。为了降低在内燃机的拖曳力矩降低的、未点火的或者说非点火的运行中的拖曳力矩，可以付诸实施一个或多个降低拖曳力矩的措施。一种示例性的降低拖曳力矩的措施是切断内燃机的一个或多个气缸。
内燃机的拖曳力矩的降低能够实现高能效地连带拖动(mitschleppen)未点火的内燃机，其中，内燃机的连带拖动又能够实现内燃机的高能效的和临时的再激活或点火。
发明内容
本文所致力的技术任务是，提供一种结构空间高效、成本高效且重量高效的混合动力驱动装置，其能够实现在混合动力驱动装置的不同运行模式之间的灵活的以及能量高效且时间高效的转换。
所述任务通过独立权利要求来解决。有利的实施方式尤其是在从属权利要求中描述。要指出的是，从属于独立权利要求的权利要求的附加特征可以在没有独立权利要求的特征的情况下或仅结合独立权利要求的部分特征形成单独的且独立于独立权利要求的所有特征的组合的发明，其可以成为独立权利要求、分案申请或后续申请的主题。这同样适用于在说明书中说明的技术教导，所述技术教导可以形成独立于独立权利要求的特征的发明。
根据一个方面，描述了一种用于车辆、尤其是用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置。该混合动力驱动装置包括至少一个电机和内燃机(例如柴油机或汽油机)。所述电机可以具有70V或更小的、63V或更小的或者50V或更小的、尤其是48V的运行电压和/或额定电压。必要时，该电机可以设计用于也使用高于50V的电压范围(必要时也在高压范围内)。用于运行电机的电能可以从混合动力驱动装置的电蓄能器(例如从基于锂离子的电池)中获得。
混合动力驱动装置可以包括具有变速器输入轴的变速器。所述变速器可以构造用于改变变速器的变速器输入轴和输出轴之间的传动比(例如在两个或更多个级中或者在四个或更多个级中或者在六个或更多个级中)。所述输出轴例如可以与车辆的一个或多个车轮和/或与车辆的车轴耦联。所述变速器典型地具有至少一个离合器，以便使变速器输入轴与变速器的输出轴和/或与变速器的变速器挡位脱耦或者与输出轴和/或变速器挡位耦联。离合器可以在变速器切换过程的范围内使用，以改变变速器的变速器挡位。
所述变速器优选是双离合变速器。变速器尤其是可以包括第一离合器，该第一离合器设计用于将变速器输入轴与变速器的第一子变速器耦联。此外，变速器可以包括第二离合器，该第二离合器设计用于将变速器输入轴与变速器的第二子变速器耦联。此外，变速器可以包括一个或多个切换元件，以便使第一子变速器或第二子变速器与变速器的输出轴耦联。双离合变速器的使用能够在牵引力不中断的情况下实现切换过程。
所述混合动力驱动装置被构造成，使得电机和内燃机以不可脱耦的方式和/或固定地与变速器输入轴耦联。尤其是，混合动力驱动装置可以被构造成，使得即使在电机单独运行时也连带拖动内燃机。因此，混合动力驱动装置不具有用于使内燃机与电机脱耦的离合器(尤其是发动机分离离合器)。因此，能够实现结构空间高效地、重量高效地且成本高效地将电机连接到混合动力驱动装置中。此外，通过连带拖动内燃机能够实现在混合动力驱动装置的不同运行模式之间(尤其是在具有非点火的内燃机的运行模式与具有点火的内燃机的运行模式之间)的高效过渡，因为内燃机在任何时候具有用于承受载荷的所需转速。
混合动力驱动装置可以包括控制单元。所述控制单元可以设计用于确定变速器的输出轴应当由电机而不是由内燃机驱动。尤其是可以确定，混合动力驱动装置应当以纯电动的运行模式运行。此外，控制单元可以设计用于，引起一个或多个降低拖曳力矩的措施，以便降低由内燃机在变速器输入轴处产生的拖曳力矩。示例性的降低拖曳力矩的措施是切断内燃机的一个或多个气缸或者调整内燃机的进气阀和/或排气阀的打开角度和/或关闭角度。通过引起一个或多个降低拖曳力矩的措施，能够在非点火运行中实现高能效地连带拖动内燃机(其中，所述连带拖动又能够实现内燃机的高效的再点火)。
变速器可以包括作为变速器油回路的一部分的湿室。所述湿室例如可以设置在变速器的一个或多个离合器的壳体中。电机可以在变速器的湿室中连接到变速器输入轴上。尤其是，用于连接电机的齿轮可以设置在湿室中。因此，能够实现电机的特别高效的连接，因为变速器的油回路能够被用于润滑电机的连接。
混合动力驱动装置可以包括用于使扭转振动减振的减振系统(例如双质量飞轮)。内燃机的曲轴可以经由所述减振系统与变速器输入轴耦联，以便能够实现混合动力驱动装置的低振动运行。
此外，电机可以与变速器输入轴耦联成，使得在混合动力驱动装置的纯电动运行中，内燃机的曲轴经由减振系统由电机驱动。换句话说，电机优选地以下述布置结构位于动力传动系中：内燃机轴、接着是减振系统、随后是电机。因此，能够实现电机的低振动连接。
此外，在该布置结构中，电机可以跟随有变速器的与变速器输入轴耦联的一个或多个离合器。尤其是，电机可以在减振系统与变速器的所述一个或多个离合器之间与变速器输入轴耦联。因此，能够实现电机的特别高效的连接。
电机可以经由正齿轮级(Stirnradstufe)与变速器输入轴固定地和/或不可脱耦地耦联。电机可以以特别灵活的方式经由链条与变速器输入轴固定地和/或不可脱耦地耦联。
根据另一方面，描述一种(道路)机动车(尤其是轿车或火车或公共汽车或摩托车)，该机动车包括在本文中所描述的混合动力驱动装置。
车辆可以包括由混合动力驱动装置驱动的车轴，其中，混合动力驱动装置的电机设置成平行于被驱动的车轴。因此，能够实现混合动力驱动装置的结构空间特别高效的安装。
应当注意的是，在本文中所描述的装置和系统不仅可以单独地使用，而且可以与其他在本文中所描述的装置和系统组合使用。此外，在本文中所描述的装置和系统的任何方面可以多样化地互相组合。尤其是，权利要求的特征多样化地互相组合。
附图说明
此外，借助各实施例更详细地描述本发明。其中：
图1示出具有双离合变速器的车辆的示例性混合动力驱动装置；
图2示出图1所示的双离合变速器的其它细节；以及
图3示出混合动力驱动装置的电机到双离合变速器上的优化连接。
具体实施方式
如开头所述的那样，本文致力于提供一种混合动力驱动装置，其针对具有拖曳力矩降低的内燃机的运行被优化。就此而言，图1示出用于车辆的示例性混合动力驱动装置100的框图。混合动力驱动装置100包括内燃机101和电机102，它们可以单独地使用或共同地使用，以便产生用于车辆的驱动力矩。内燃机101和电机102设置成，使得通过相应的驱动发动机产生的力矩相加为总驱动力矩，该总驱动力矩例如经由变速器104和变速器104的输出轴108传递到车辆的一个或者多个车轮109上。用于运行电机102的电能可以被存储在电蓄能器110中。
车辆和/或混合动力驱动装置100还包括控制单元111(例如发动机控制器)，该控制单元设计用于确定所要求的总驱动力矩。所要求的总驱动力矩例如可以经由加速踏板和/或经由变速器104的调节由车辆驾驶员预先给定。例如驾驶员可以操纵加速器踏板来要求提高的总驱动力矩。控制单元111可以设计用于将所要求的总驱动力矩分成(针对内燃机101的)第一力矩和(针对电机102的)第二力矩。换句话说，控制单元111可以设计用于根据所要求的总驱动力矩来运行内燃机101和电机102。
在图1所示的示例中，混合动力驱动装置100包括双离合变速器104，该双离合变速器具有第一离合器105，该第一离合器设计用于使变速器104的变速器输入轴107与至变速器104的第一子变速器125的第一输入轴115耦联或者与该第一输入轴脱耦。此外，变速器104具有第二离合器106，该第二离合器设计用于使变速器104的变速器输入轴107与至变速器104的第二子变速器126的第二输入轴116耦联或与该第二输入轴脱耦。变速器输入轴107可以直接或间接地(例如经由双质量飞轮)与内燃机101、尤其是与内燃机101的曲轴耦联。
第一输入轴115和第二输入轴116典型地彼此同轴。尤其是，第一输入轴115可以是实心轴，该实心轴由构造成空心轴的第二输入轴116包围。第一输入轴115可以经由第一子变速器125和在其中调节的挡位与输出轴108耦联。此外，第二输入轴115可以经由第二子变速器126和在其中调节的挡位与输出轴108耦联。例如可以由第一子变速器125提供奇数挡位(例如1、3、5等)并且由第二子变速器126提供偶数挡位(例如2、4、6等)。第一和/或第二子变速器125、126典型地具有一个或多个切换元件103，经由所述切换元件能够自动地挂入相应的子变速器125、126的不同挡位和/或经由所述切换元件能够将相应的子变速器125、126置于空挡中(没有挂入的挡位)。在空挡中，子变速器125、126的输入轴115、116通常与输出轴108脱耦。
混合动力驱动装置100的电机102在图1所示的示例中仅能与两个子变速器125、126中的一个子变速器耦联，或者说仅连接在两个子变速器125、126中的一个子变速器上。尤其是，电机102直接与两个子变速器125、126中的一个子变速器的输入轴115、116可耦联或已耦联。此外，电机102设置成，使得与相应另一个子变速器125、126的输入轴115、116的耦联仅能经由离合器105、106实现。
图2示出图1所示的双离合变速器104连同电机102的其它细节，该电机仅连接在双离合变速器104的第二子变速器126上。尤其是电机102设置在双离合变速器104的离合器105、106(所述离合器也称为起动元件)下游，使得至少对于一些挡位而言仅能通过闭合两个离合器105、106使电机102与变速器104的输出轴108耦联。另一方面，电机102设置或连接在输出侧的切换元件103上游。
在图1和图2中示出的电机102的连接在混合动力驱动装置100的纯电动运行中是不利的，因为仅能够利用牵引力中断和/或通过借助车辆行车制动器的辅助来实现切换过程。这导致舒适性受损和/或导致不利地影响混合动力驱动装置100的能量效率。
图3示出一种混合动力驱动装置100，在该混合动力驱动装置中，电机102与变速器104的变速器输入轴107固定地耦联。尤其是，电机102可以连接在用于降低扭转振动的减振系统201(尤其是双质量飞轮)与起动元件105、106之间并且在起动元件上游(即在双离合器上游)。因此，能够实现电机102的高效且舒适的连接。尤其是能够以高效且舒适的方式避免在纯电动运行中在切换过程中的牵引力中断。
电机102的连接可以利用链条303或经由在变速器104的湿室307中的正齿轮级来实现。尤其是，在电机102的驱动轴301上可设置有齿轮302，该齿轮经由链条303与变速器104的齿轮304固定地和/或不可脱耦地耦联，其中，齿轮304与变速器输入轴107和/或与变速器104的初级侧305固定地连接或者直接经由一个或多个正齿轮级的齿啮合连接到变速器输入轴107上。
在用于降低扭转振动的减振系统201与起动元件105、106之间的连接导致在如下区域中实现到变速器输入轴107上的耦联，所述区域通过减振系统201在转速不均匀性方面已经稳定并且因此在设计技术标准方面和在车辆声学标准方面是有利的。此外，在变速器104的湿室307中的连接允许与变速器104一起使用共同的油回路，以用于冷却和润滑电机102的连接。
电机102可以以结构空间高效的方式设置成与车辆的被驱动的车轴轴向平行。
因此，电机102具有到变速器输入轴107上的不可脱耦的连接，这导致内燃机101在纯电运行中被连带拖动。为了降低内燃机101的拖曳力矩，可以实施一个或多个降低拖曳力矩的措施。例如，内燃机101的一个或多个气缸可以被切断。因此，由内燃机101在纯电动运行中引起的拖曳力矩能够被降低。
另一方面，内燃机101在纯电动运行中的连带拖动是有利的，因为通过所述连带拖动能够以高能效的方式临时引起内燃机101的再点火。换句话说，通过连带拖动内燃机101能够实现在混合动力驱动装置100的不同运行模式(纯电动运行和具有内燃机式部分的运行)之间的高效变换。
本发明不限于所示的各实施例。尤其是应注意，说明书和附图仅应当阐述所提出的装置和系统的原理。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于车辆的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-该混合动力驱动装置(100)包括电机(102)和内燃机(101)；
-该混合动力驱动装置(100)包括具有变速器输入轴(107)的变速器(104)；并且
-所述电机(102)和内燃机(101)以不可脱耦的方式与变速器输入轴(107)耦联。
2.根据权利要求1的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-所述变速器(104)包括作为变速器(104)的油回路的一部分的湿室(307)；并且
-所述电机(102)在变速器(104)的湿室(307)中连接到变速器输入轴(107)上。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-该混合动力驱动装置(100)包括用于使扭转振动减振的减振系统(201)；
-所述内燃机(101)的曲轴经由所述减振系统(201)与变速器输入轴(107)耦联；并且
-所述电机(102)与变速器输入轴(107)耦联成，使得在混合动力驱动装置(100)的纯电动运行中，内燃机(101)的曲轴经由减振系统(201)由电机(102)驱动。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-所述变速器(104)包括离合器(105、106)，利用该离合器能使变速器输入轴(107)与变速器(104)的输出轴(108)脱耦和/或与变速器(104)脱耦；并且
-所述电机(102)相对于变速器(104)的输出轴(108)在离合器(105、106)之前与变速器输入轴(107)耦联。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，所述电机(102)经由正齿轮级与变速器输入轴(107)固定地和/或不可脱耦地耦联。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，所述电机(102)经由链条(303)与变速器输入轴(107)固定地和/或不可脱耦地耦联。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，所述电机(102)具有70V或更小的运行电压和/或额定电压、或者63V或更小的运行电压和/或额定电压、尤其是48V的运行电压和/或额定电压。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-所述变速器(104)是双离合变速器；和/或
-所述变速器(104)包括第一离合器(105)，该第一离合器设计用于将变速器输入轴(107)与变速器(104)的第一子变速器(125)耦联；并且
-所述变速器(104)包括第二离合器(106)，该第二离合器设计用于将变速器输入轴(107)与变速器(104)的第二子变速器(126)耦联；并且
-所述变速器(104)包括一个或多个切换元件(103)，以便使第一子变速器(125)或第二子变速器(126)与变速器(104)的输出轴(108)耦联。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)，其中，
-所述混合动力驱动装置(100)包括控制单元(111)；并且
-所述控制单元(111)设计用于：
-确定变速器(104)的输出轴(108)应当由电机(102)而不是由内燃机(101)驱动；并且
-引起一个或多个降低拖曳力矩的措施，以便降低由内燃机(101)在变速器输入轴(107)处产生的拖曳力矩。
10.一种车辆，该车辆包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置(100)。
11.根据权利要求10的车辆，其中，
-该车辆包括由混合动力驱动装置(100)驱动的车轴；并且
-所述混合动力驱动装置(100)的电机(102)设置成平行于被驱动的车轴。
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US20210381446A1 (en) 2021-12-09
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