CN112931336A - Efficient culture method for penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents

Efficient culture method for penaeus vannamei boone Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112931336A
CN112931336A CN202110283286.9A CN202110283286A CN112931336A CN 112931336 A CN112931336 A CN 112931336A CN 202110283286 A CN202110283286 A CN 202110283286A CN 112931336 A CN112931336 A CN 112931336A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pond
shrimp
water
penaeus vannamei
vannamei boone
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Pending
Application number
CN202110283286.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钱瑜秧
陈菲
俞奇力
杨福生
徐如卫
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Hangzhou Xiaoshan East Sea Aquaculture Co ltd
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Hangzhou Xiaoshan East Sea Aquaculture Co ltd
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Application filed by Hangzhou Xiaoshan East Sea Aquaculture Co ltd filed Critical Hangzhou Xiaoshan East Sea Aquaculture Co ltd
Priority to CN202110283286.9A priority Critical patent/CN112931336A/en
Publication of CN112931336A publication Critical patent/CN112931336A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently culturing penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the steps of cleaning a whole pond, wherein the pond is cleaned by applying a medicament in the pond to kill various organisms influencing the survival and growth of seedlings so as to ensure that the penaeus vannamei boone is not attacked by enemies and diseases, draining the pond water, removing excessive sludge, filling leaks and cracks, removing weeds at the bottom of the pond and at the sides of the pond, and cleaning redundant pond sludge on a pond dike to provide fertilizer for the planting of green feeds.

Description

Efficient culture method for penaeus vannamei boone
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a high-efficiency culture method for penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
The natural habitat of the penaeus vannamei boone is a muddy seabed, and the water depth is 0-72 m. Adult shrimps mostly live in the coastal water areas near the offshore areas, and young shrimps like to forage for growth in river mouths with rich baits. The penaeus vannamei boone belongs to omnivorous species, can eat organic debris in a pond under the condition of artificial breeding, and has higher requirement on the curing rate of feed. The demand of the penaeus vannamei boone on animal baits is not very strict, and the penaeus vannamei boone can grow normally as long as the ratio of protein in the bait components accounts for more than 20 percent. The water areas native to the pacific coasts of south America are mainly distributed in the tropical waters along the pacific coasts of the western America, are distributed from the gulf of Mexico to the middle of Peru, and are more concentrated by the sea areas near the Ecuador.
In the traditional shrimp culture process, only shrimps are considered, plants and microorganisms are not considered, the ecological environment is unbalanced, a large amount of substances are deposited at the bottom of a pool and become sludge, the water quality is polluted, the protein utilization rate of the penaeus vannamei in the fresh water on the feed is reduced, and the conventional granulated feed for the penaeus vannamei adopts a foreign formula, so that the price is high, the protein source is wasted, and the water quality is easily deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency breeding method of penaeus vannamei boone, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency culture method of penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of cleaning and preparing a pond, wherein medicines are applied to the pond to kill various organisms affecting survival and growth of the shrimp seedlings so as to ensure that the shrimp seedlings are not attacked by enemies and diseases, the pond is cleaned by draining pond water, removing excessive sludge, filling holes and cracks, removing weeds at the bottom and at the sides of the pond, and cleaning redundant pond sludge on a pond dike so as to provide fertilizer for planting of green feed;
2) planting submerged plants, planting the submerged plants in shallow water areas around the shrimp pond, wherein the coverage area accounts for about 40% of the water surface, providing an environment for the shrimps to perch and exuviate, serving as natural bait for the shrimps, purifying water quality and increasing dissolved oxygen, preventing overhigh water temperature in summer and autumn and improving the quality of the shrimps;
3) building a temporary culture pond, excavating a long strip-shaped deep groove in the center of the shrimp pond or on one deep side of the pond, weighing a female pond, and erecting a plastic greenhouse for heat preservation, temporary culture and desalination of shrimp seedlings;
4) preparing the salt water and the fresh water;
5) quarantining the shrimp larvae, doing the work of quarantining and preventing diseases of the shrimps, and preventing the shrimp larvae carrying viruses from entering the shrimp pond;
6) feeding the shrimp larvae into the pond in the daphnia peak period, and feeding the shrimp larvae with granulated feeds mainly comprising natural baits and secondarily comprising granulated feeds;
7) increasing the density of the shrimp seeds, and breeding about 5-6 ten thousand shrimp seeds;
8) preparing a feed, namely selecting a special high-quality granular feed for the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone, wherein the utilization rate of the protein of the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone is lower than that of seawater, the optimal demand amount of the crude protein in the freshwater feed is lower than that of the crude protein in the seawater culture feed, and the daily food intake of the freshwater fed penaeus vannamei boone is higher than that of the seawater culture;
9) standing and feeding finely;
10) enhancing water quality management;
11) timely rotation is carried out, the size of the shrimps is increased, the shrimps are kept small, the shrimps are beneficial to being evenly listed, the social benefit and the economic benefit are improved, and the later growth of the shrimps is facilitated.
As a further scheme of the invention: the pond cleaning medicine adopts quicklime, bleaching powder and a shrimp and crab protectant, when the quicklime is used, accumulated water in a pond is kept for 5-10cm, a plurality of small pits are dug at the bottom of the pond, the quicklime is respectively put into the small pits, water is added for melting, the quicklime is uniformly splashed into the pond without cooling, and the using amount of the quicklime is 60-75 kg per mu; when the bleaching powder is used, according to the volume of pond water, 20 grams of bleaching powder is used per cubic meter of water; the shrimp and crab protective agent can kill harmful organisms such as fish, frogs, tadpoles and leeches, the shrimps and crabs are harmless, and the shrimp and crab protective agent can be dissolved in seawater and can be sprinkled in the whole pool after being stirred and soaked for 2 hours.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the waterweed, the shrimp algae, the eel grass, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton malabaricum are planted in the pond, and the culture structure of the culture water body is improved.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the depth of the pond of the mother pond is 0.8-1 meter, and the width of the pond is 3-4 meters.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the salinity of 8-12 per mill is prepared by edible salt in the female pond, the shrimp seeds begin to desalt after entering a greenhouse for temporary culture for 1 day, fresh water is added for 3-5cm every day, the shrimp seeds with the total length of 1.5-5cm are formed after temporary culture for 10-14 days, the water addition amount is further increased, the shrimp seeds are cultured in the whole pond, and the desalination is finished in 7-10 days.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the static breeding fine feeding comprises a desalting stage, wherein live baits are taken as main materials, shrimp larva granular feeds are taken as auxiliary materials, the daily feeding rate is a drawing-out stage with the weight of 10-12%, juvenile shrimp feeds are taken as main materials, the daily feeding rate is 8-10% of the weight, medium shrimp feeds are adopted in a high-temperature stage, the daily feeding rate is 5-8% of the weight, a round catching stage is carried out, the granular feeds are large shrimp feeds, and the daily feeding rate is 3-5% of the weight.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the water quality of the shrimp pond keeps light green or light brown, and the transparency is higher by 50-80 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the efficient culture method of the invention has the advantages of growing blocks of the penaeus vannamei boone, short culture period, lower requirement on bait, large body, thin shell, high meat yield, higher survival rate, higher culture yield and obvious economic efficiency, can improve the culture structure of the culture water body by using the submerged plant, purify the water quality, increase dissolved oxygen, provide the habitat and exuviation environment for the shrimps, serve as natural bait for the shrimps and improve the quality of the shrimps.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A high-efficiency culture method of penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of cleaning the whole pond, applying medicaments in the pond to kill various organisms affecting the survival and growth of the seedlings so as to ensure that the shrimp seedlings are not attacked by enemies and diseases, wherein the medicaments for cleaning the pond adopt quick lime, bleaching powder and shrimp and crab protective agents, when the quick lime is used, accumulated water in the pond is kept to be 5-10cm, a plurality of small pits are dug at the bottom of the pond, the quick lime is respectively put into the small pits and is added with water to be melted, and the quick lime is uniformly sprinkled into the pond without cooling, and the dosage of the quick lime is generally 60-75 kg per mu; when the bleaching powder is used, according to the volume of pond water, 20 grams of bleaching powder is used per cubic meter of water; the shrimp and crab protective agent can kill harmful organisms such as fish, frogs, tadpoles and leeches, the shrimps and crabs are harmless, the shrimp and crab protective agent is dissolved in seawater, after being stirred and soaked for 2 hours, the shrimp and crab protective agent can be sprinkled in the whole pond, the pond water is drained in the whole pond, excessive sludge is removed, leaks and cracks are filled, weeds at the bottom and at the sides of the pond are removed, and redundant pond sludge is cleared up to a pond dike to provide fertilizer for the planting of green feed;
2) the submerged plants are planted, the waterweed, the shrimp algae, the tape grass, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton malaianus are planted in the pond, the culture structure of the culture water body is improved, the submerged plants are planted in shallow water areas around the shrimp pond, the coverage area accounts for about 40% of the water surface, the habitat and exuviation environment is provided for the shrimps, the submerged plants are used as natural baits of the shrimps, the water quality is purified, the dissolved oxygen is increased, the overhigh water temperature in summer and autumn is prevented, and the quality of the shrimps is improved;
3) building a temporary culture pond, digging a strip-shaped deep groove in the center of the shrimp pond or on one deep side of the pond, weighing a female pond, putting the pond on a plastic greenhouse for heat preservation, temporary culture and desalination of shrimp seeds, wherein the depth of the pond is 0.8-1 m and the width of the pond is 3-4 m;
4) preparing salty fresh water, preparing salinity of 8-12 per mill with edible salt in a mother pond, desalting after temporarily culturing shrimp seeds in a greenhouse for 1 day, adding fresh water for 3-5cm every day, and temporarily culturing for 10-14 days to obtain shrimp seeds with the total length of 1.5-5cm, wherein the added water amount is further increased to feed the shrimp seeds in the whole pond, and desalting is finished after 7-10 days;
5) quarantining the shrimp larvae, doing the work of quarantining and preventing diseases of the shrimps, and preventing the shrimp larvae carrying viruses from entering the shrimp pond;
6) feeding the shrimp larvae into the pond in the daphnia peak period, and feeding the shrimp larvae with granulated feeds mainly comprising natural baits and secondarily comprising granulated feeds;
7) increasing the density of the shrimp seeds, and breeding about 5-6 ten thousand shrimp seeds;
8) preparing a feed, namely selecting a special high-quality granular feed for the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone, wherein the utilization rate of the protein of the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone is lower than that of seawater, the optimal demand amount of the crude protein in the freshwater feed is lower than that of the crude protein in the seawater culture feed, and the daily food intake of the freshwater fed penaeus vannamei boone is higher than that of the seawater culture;
9) the method comprises a desalting stage, wherein live baits are taken as main materials, shrimp larva granular feeds are taken as auxiliary materials, the daily feeding rate is 10-12% of the weight of a drawing-out stage, juvenile shrimp feeds are taken as main materials, the daily feeding rate is 8-10% of the weight of the shrimp, medium shrimp feeds are adopted in a high-temperature stage, the daily feeding rate is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimp, a round catching stage is carried out, the granular feeds are large shrimp feeds, and the daily feeding rate is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimp;
10) enhancing water quality management, keeping the water quality of the shrimp pond light green or light brown, and ensuring the transparency to be higher than 50-80 cm;
11) timely rotation is carried out, the size of the shrimps is increased, the shrimps are kept small, the shrimps are beneficial to being evenly listed, the social benefit and the economic benefit are improved, and the later growth of the shrimps is facilitated.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. The efficient culture method of the penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the method comprises the following steps of cleaning and preparing a pond, wherein medicines are applied to the pond to kill various organisms affecting survival and growth of the shrimp seedlings so as to ensure that the shrimp seedlings are not attacked by enemies and diseases, the pond is cleaned by draining pond water, removing excessive sludge, filling holes and cracks, removing weeds at the bottom and at the sides of the pond, and cleaning redundant pond sludge on a pond dike so as to provide fertilizer for planting of green feed;
2) planting submerged plants, planting the submerged plants in shallow water areas around the shrimp pond, wherein the coverage area accounts for about 40% of the water surface, providing an environment for the shrimps to perch and exuviate, serving as natural bait for the shrimps, purifying water quality and increasing dissolved oxygen, preventing overhigh water temperature in summer and autumn and improving the quality of the shrimps;
3) building a temporary culture pond, excavating a long strip-shaped deep groove in the center of the shrimp pond or on one deep side of the pond, weighing a female pond, and erecting a plastic greenhouse for heat preservation, temporary culture and desalination of shrimp seedlings;
4) preparing the salt water and the fresh water;
5) quarantining the shrimp larvae, doing the work of quarantining and preventing diseases of the shrimps, and preventing the shrimp larvae carrying viruses from entering the shrimp pond;
6) feeding the shrimp larvae into the pond in the daphnia peak period, and feeding the shrimp larvae with granulated feeds mainly comprising natural baits and secondarily comprising granulated feeds;
7) increasing the density of the shrimp seeds, and breeding about 5-6 ten thousand shrimp seeds;
8) preparing a feed, namely selecting a special high-quality granular feed for the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone, wherein the utilization rate of the protein of the freshwater penaeus vannamei boone is lower than that of seawater, the optimal demand amount of the crude protein in the freshwater feed is lower than that of the crude protein in the seawater culture feed, and the daily food intake of the freshwater fed penaeus vannamei boone is higher than that of the seawater culture;
9) standing and feeding finely;
10) enhancing water quality management;
11) timely rotation is carried out, the size of the shrimps is increased, the shrimps are kept small, the shrimps are beneficial to being evenly listed, the social benefit and the economic benefit are improved, and the later growth of the shrimps is facilitated.
2. The method for efficiently culturing the penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the pond cleaning medicines adopt quicklime, bleaching powder and a shrimp and crab protective agent, when the quicklime is used, accumulated water in a pond is kept to be 5-10cm, a plurality of small pits are dug at the bottom of the pond, the quicklime is respectively put into the small pits, water is added into the small pits for melting, the water is uniformly splashed into the pond without cooling, and the dosage of the quicklime is generally 60-75 kg per mu; when the bleaching powder is used, according to the volume of pond water, 20 grams of bleaching powder is used per cubic meter of water; the shrimp and crab protective agent can kill harmful organisms such as fish, frogs, tadpoles and leeches, the shrimps and crabs are harmless, and the shrimp and crab protective agent can be dissolved in seawater and can be sprinkled in the whole pool after being stirred and soaked for 2 hours.
3. The efficient penaeus vannamei boone cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that elodea nutra, shrimp algae, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata and malayan gleditsia are planted in the pond, and cultivation structures of cultivation water bodies are improved.
4. The efficient litopenaeus vannamei farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pond of the mother pond is 0.8-1 meter deep and 3-4 meters wide.
5. The method for efficiently culturing the penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the salinity of the female pond is prepared by using edible salt with the salinity of 8-12 per thousand, the penaeus vannamei boone is desalinated after being temporarily cultured in the greenhouse for 1 day, fresh water is added for 3-5cm every day, the penaeus vannamei boone is grown for 10-14 days to form the penaeus vannamei boone with the total length of 1.5-5cm, the water adding amount is further increased, the penaeus vannamei boone is cultured in the whole pond, and the desalination is finished in 7-10 days.
6. The method for efficiently culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 1, wherein the static fine feeding comprises a desalting stage, wherein live baits are used as main baits, shrimp larva pellet feeds are used as auxiliary baits, the daily feeding rate is 10-12% of the weight of the shrimp larva growing stage, the daily feeding rate is 8-10% of the weight of the shrimp larva growing stage, medium shrimp feeds are used in a high-temperature stage, the daily feeding rate is 5-8% of the weight of the shrimp larva growing stage, the pellet feeds are large shrimp feeds, and the daily feeding rate is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimp larva growing stage.
7. The efficient litopenaeus vannamei breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the water quality of the shrimp pond is kept light green or light brown, and the transparency is higher by 50-80 cm.
CN202110283286.9A 2021-03-17 2021-03-17 Efficient culture method for penaeus vannamei boone Pending CN112931336A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103875575A (en) * 2014-04-20 2014-06-25 常德家华水产科技有限公司 Breeding method for South American white shrimps in freshwater lake
CN104137797A (en) * 2014-07-29 2014-11-12 苏州市新泾村农业基地专业合作社 Ecological freshwater farming method for penaeus vannamei boone
CN107466934A (en) * 2017-10-19 2017-12-15 孙振平 A kind of culture of Penaeus vannamei method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103875575A (en) * 2014-04-20 2014-06-25 常德家华水产科技有限公司 Breeding method for South American white shrimps in freshwater lake
CN104137797A (en) * 2014-07-29 2014-11-12 苏州市新泾村农业基地专业合作社 Ecological freshwater farming method for penaeus vannamei boone
CN107466934A (en) * 2017-10-19 2017-12-15 孙振平 A kind of culture of Penaeus vannamei method

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张根玉等: "《淡水养鱼高产新技术》", 30 April 2007, 金盾出版社 *
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