CN103875575A - Breeding method for South American white shrimps in freshwater lake - Google Patents
Breeding method for South American white shrimps in freshwater lake Download PDFInfo
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- CN103875575A CN103875575A CN201410157171.5A CN201410157171A CN103875575A CN 103875575 A CN103875575 A CN 103875575A CN 201410157171 A CN201410157171 A CN 201410157171A CN 103875575 A CN103875575 A CN 103875575A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
一种南美白对虾淡水湖泊的养殖方法，包括虾苗放养前的准备工作，虾苗的选购、放养、淡化及生物防控，虾苗淡化期饲养管理，养成期管理和收获。本发明的有益效果是：1、通过一、二两级逐步淡化，使虾苗逐步适应大水面水体，相比单纯采用一级淡化方法的虾苗成活率提高30%。2、开挖环形沟渠的虾塘，对虾成活率达到98%。3、使南美白对虾养殖业适应了人工标准池塘以外的其他自然水域，解决了在湖泊、大型池塘、水库推广养殖南美白对虾的技术难题，填补了国内淡水湖泊养殖南美白对虾的空白。避免了因发展南美白对虾养殖业而破坏稻田等土地的现象。4、降低了单位养殖面积的投入成本。
A method for cultivating Penaeus vannamei in freshwater lakes, including preparations before stocking of shrimp seedlings, selection, stocking, desalination and biological control of shrimp seedlings, feeding and management of shrimp seedlings in the desalination period, management and harvesting of shrimp seedlings during the growth period. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Gradually desalinating the shrimp seedlings through the first stage and the second stage makes the shrimp seedlings gradually adapt to the water body on the large water surface, and the survival rate of the seedling seedlings is increased by 30% compared with the one-stage desalination method. 2. The survival rate of prawns reached 98% in the shrimp ponds excavated with circular ditches. 3. Make the Penaeus vannamei aquaculture industry adapt to other natural waters other than artificial standard ponds, solve the technical problems of popularizing the culture of Penaeus vannamei in lakes, large ponds, and reservoirs, and fill the blank of domestic freshwater lake culture of Penaeus vannamei. The phenomenon of destroying paddy fields and other lands due to the development of Penaeus vannamei aquaculture has been avoided. 4. Reduced the input cost per unit of breeding area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of Penaeus Vannmei under large water surface lake environment in culture fishery, belong to shrimps aquatic biological cultural technique field in aquaculture.
Background technology
Penaeus Vannmei, China translated name is referred to as all prawns that receives, and commodity base by name encloses shrimp, and Penaeus Vannmei belongs to eurysalinity, tropical shrimp species, has the thin body fertilizer of shell, Fresh & Tender in Texture, dressing percentage is high (65%), resistance against diseases strong, fast growth, the advantage such as nutritious.Originating in waters, pacific rim, America, is one of three large shrimp species that shrimps in culture output generally acknowledged in the world today is the highest.China introduced in 1988, mainly cultivated in coastal eurysalinity waters.Current on Penaeus Vannmei freshwater aquaculture industry, generally all need to carry out the special culturing pool of hand excavation, and the construction specification of culturing pool there are certain requirements, sometimes even to destroy the standing state in the high-quality soils such as rice field, although final economic benefit has obtained certain lifting, but this practice has certain destruction to natural environment, also increased aquaculture cost, promote and get up also to have certain limitation, therefore be badly in need of further improving the cultural method of Penaeus Vannmei, can in natural water area, promote cultivation to reach, promote the object of culture of Penaeus vannamei industry development.Hunan, two lakes, province's Dongting Lake region, Hubei spread all over the place, and benign climate, yet there are no large water surface aquaculture and successfully report.And remove the provincial standard of saliferous rate >=0.5 ‰ of maritime provinces formulation, also do not formulate country and provincial standard that saliferous rate≤0.5 ‰ adapt to the cultivation of Penaeus Vannmei Healthy Aquaculture of Fresh Water in inland.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves the technical barrier that cultivates Penaeus Vannmei in lake, reservoir, set up a kind of method at natural freshwater lake cultivation Penaeus Vannmei.
Technical solution of the present invention is as following steps:
(1) shrimp seedling is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed: the whole pool, the solarization pool, the sterilization of cleaning up the pond, water inlet, the preparation of building, training water, storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater of storage pond, holding pond, preparation and the debugging of equipment;
1. the whole pool: in the time cultivating dry season autumn and winter of the previous year, lake or reservoir are drained to water, the earth dyke bank protection of lake or reservoir is constructed by the gradient of 1:2.5～3 with land and water digging machine, excavating annular irrigation canals and ditches apart from the place of bank protection bottom 0.5m again, width is 3～4m, the degree of depth is 0.8～1m, and the earthwork of digging out adds to be protected on bank protection;
2. shine the pool: at the bottom of the pool, present polygon, color is white;
3. the sterilization of cleaning up the pond: annular irrigation canals and ditches water inlet 20-30cm, with the sterilization of evenly splashing after quicklime 2250kg/h ㎡ization water, 10 days afterwards use niclosamidum 15kg/ h ㎡ sterilize on the full pool;
4. water inlet: clean up the pond sterilization after 15 days, intake to 80cm, double-deck intake gate is established in water inlet, 60 order water inlet net filtrations for ground floor, 80 order water inlet net filtrations for the second layer;
5. building of storage pond, holding pond: build the little storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 5 mu and the large storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 20 mu at shrimp pool area without shade with colour bar cloth after sterilization, little storage pond, holding pond, in large storage pond, holding pond, requires little storage pond, holding pond waterproof; Little storage pond, holding pond is placed a 5kw bottom aerator, and large storage pond, holding pond is placed 6 1.5kw waterwheel aerators;
6. train water: execute fermentation muck 2000kg/ h ㎡, composite fertilizer 40 kg/ h ㎡, for cultivating basic biological feed;
7. the preparation of storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater: little storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method, water depth is 1m, 1 mu of area, adds NaCl:66.6-333.5kg, H
3pO
4: 2-2.67kg, Al
2cl
6: 15-17.5kg, Na
2siO
3: 30-32.5kg, MgSO4:66.6-333.5kg, NaBr:6.66-66.6kg, H3BO3:133.4-333.5kg, CaCl2:666-3330kg, KCL:666-3330kg, the micro-333.5-666kg that simultaneously throws in calcic, magnesium, zinc, iron, starts aerator and stirs evenly; Large storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method: throw in sea crystal 150kg for every mu;
8. the preparation of equipment and debugging: according to every 3 mu of waters surface, the standard that a waterwheel aerator is installed is clockwise equipped with; Colour bar bamboo bar is plugged at the surrounding of the water surface and middle part, to prevent that prawn from suffering the predation of birds, drives birds away, reduces the loss;
(2) the choosing of shrimp seedling, put in a suitable place to breed, desalinate, biological prevention and control;
1. choosing of shrimp seedling: the long 0.4-0.8cm of selective body, Individual Size is even, energetic, disease-free, without disability, be subject to stimulation by running water and have the generation seedling of top water phenomenon;
2. putting in a suitable place to breed of shrimp seedling: the injected volume of the large water surface cultured prawn of pure fresh water is 40,000 tail/mus, every mu of input shrimp 6,000,000 tails of little storage pond, holding pond; Shrimp seedling is put into the previous day of little storage pond, holding pond, and artificial seawater is prepared, and starts bottom aerator and fully stirs evenly; Selection weather is fine, and 22 ° of water temperatures weather more than C, throws in shrimp seedling; In the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 2cm, remove little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, shrimp seedling is put into large storage pond, holding pond, in the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 3cm, remove large storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, allow shrimp seedling enter in large water surface water body and raise;
3. the desalination of shrimp seedling: Desalination is divided into one-level desalination and secondary desalination, needs the omnidistance aerator of opening when desalination; When one-level desalination, shrimp seedling is put into little storage pond, holding pond, first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, reduces the stress reaction of shrimp seedling; Second day starts, and reduces by 0.1% salinity every day, within 5-6 days, the water salinity of little storage pond, holding pond is reduced to consistent with large storage pond, holding pond water salinity; Then little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth is removed, shrimp seedling enters large storage pond, holding pond, carries out secondary desalination; Shrimp seedling enters after large storage pond, holding pond, and first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, and second day starts, and 0.2% salinity that declines every day, reduces to 0 degree by the water salinity of large storage pond, holding pond in 5-6 days, finally shrimp seedling is put into large water surface water body;
4. biological prevention and control: enter after the large water surface water body of pure fresh water at shrimp seedling, according to every mu of silver carp and each 50 tails of grass carp of putting into 0.5 jin/tail of specification, in order to eat up die of illness weak shrimp and balance algae picture, prevent transmission;
(3) Desalination phase feeding and management: during the desalination of shrimp seedling one-level, the special compound feed prawn slice of growing seedlings of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 3 every day, on average throws something and feeds once for every 8 hours, day every ten thousand tail 10g of feeding volume; Feeding time is 7:00,18:00,24:00, and evening, feeding volume accounted for 60% of day bait throwing in total amount; After must washing by rubbing with the hands with 350 object bolting silks while throwing something and feeding with prawn slice, throw something and feed, feeding method is evenly to splash in full pond; During secondary desalination, by No. 0 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, throw something and feed every day 4 times, Feeding time 7:00,12:00,19:00,24:00, day every ten thousand tail 90g of feeding volume; Also need in storage pond, holding pond, throw in 0.5g Vb, 0.1g Vc, tri-kinds of vitamins of 0.1g Ve by every cube of water body every three days, in case stress reaction;
(4) mature stage management is divided into: regulating and controlling water quality, feeding and management, routine testing, disease prevention and cure;
1. regulating and controlling water quality: select fine weather to change water, changed water once every 10-15 days, each quantity of exchanged water, at 10-15cm, changes water at every turn and all will sterilize, to reaching following water quality index: transparency 30-40cm, Ph value 7.8-9.0, ammonia nitrogen is below 0.1mg/L, and nitrite is below 0.03mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide is below 0.1mg/L, bottom dissolved oxygen is more than 3mg/L, and upper strata dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L; In the time that water quality index changes, regulate with corresponding substrate clarificant;
2. mature stage feeding and management: suitably shrimp seedling body length, more than 3cm, after namely secondary has been desalinated, adopts No. 1 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 10% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 5cm, adopts No. 1 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 8% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, in the time that 6cm is above, adopts No. 2 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 6% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 8cm, adopts No. 2 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 5% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 10cm, adopts No. 3 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 2% of shrimp body weight; Set up multiple material platforms of looking in large water surface surrounding, within 1.5 hours, eat up material as standard take shrimp-roe; According to weather condition or epidemic disease situation, feed intake less or do not feed intake; Long-term rainy or cloudy, daily ration, feeding quantity reduces by half; Epidemic disease occur time, daily ration, feeding quantity be reduced to 1/3rd or stop material;
3. daily inspection, detection: patrol the pool at every morning, evening, midnight, observe change of water quality, by apparatus measures dissolved oxygen amount, Ph value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide and six indexs of transparency, and make a record, expand shrimp-roe lethality in case further infect water body, cause immeasurable loss;
4. the use of aerator: 50 days prawn culturing early stages, rain, the cloudy day needs the long-time aerator of opening, conventional weather every day only at 3:00 AM to 7 unlatching aerators in morning; Prawn culturing stage, according to the reference that is determined as of dissolved oxygen amount, starts aerator every day and is no less than 15 hours, and aerator is placed according to clockwise direction, during cultivation every 15 days, by the rotation of aerator placing direction, fully stir water body, harmful substance can natural degradation by stirring;
5. Epidemic disease prevention: adhere to putting prevention first, support anti-be combined into auxiliary; Within every 7 days, be a course for the treatment of, according to the data of measuring, use the beneficial bacterium of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus each course for the treatment of, and injected volume is every cube of water body 1g; When prawn grows to 6-8cm, be the peak period of morbidity, threw something and fed once with organic iodine spice every 15 days;
(5) results: water surface for aquaculture is larger, risk strengthens, and must adopt wheel to catch, and reduces density, and employing is drawn in the net or lobster basket is fished for, and catches to stay greatly littlely, goes on the market in batches; When prawn grows to 60-70 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 40-50 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 20-30 head/jin, remaining prawn is caught; While fishing for, can not intake, stop expecting two days; While fishing for, avoid the shelling phase prawn.
Outstanding feature of the present invention and beneficial effect are: 1, adopt colour bar cloth to build two storage pond, holding ponds of size, large cover is little, manually prepare the seawater of different proportion at storage pond, holding pond, progressively desalinate by one, two two-stages, make shrimp seedling progressively adapt to large water surface water body, the shrimp shoot survival percent of comparing simple employing one-level desalination method improves 30%.Appropriate preparation food organisms, are caught, are caught by wheel and stay greatly littlely, by batch fishing for, reduce the risk of large water surface aquaculture, and the method is easy, and processing ease is easy to popularization.2, the present invention has found the difference on Penaeus Vannmei freshwater aquiculture and the mariculture shrimp pool first: the mariculture Penaeus Vannmei required shrimp pool is flat shape at the bottom of the pool, and the required shrimp of the freshwater aquiculture Penaeus Vannmei pool needs to excavate endless track, i.e. annular irrigation canals and ditches.According to 2011 to 2013, region, Lixian County, Hunan cultivation Penaeus Vannmei raiser more than 200 reaction, the shrimp pool of excavation endless track, survival rate is 98%, does not excavate the smooth shrimp pool at the bottom of annular irrigation canals and ditches, the pool, lethality is in 50% left and right.3, make culture of Penaeus vannamei industry adapt to other natural water areas beyond labor standard pond, the technical barrier of solved in lake, cultivation Penaeus Vannmei being promoted in large-scale pond, reservoir, has filled up the blank of domestic freshwater lake cultivation Penaeus Vannmei.4, avoid destroying because of South Botanical Development penaeus vannamei aquaculture the phenomenon in the soils such as rice field, made the many water field of big area in inland under the prerequisite of appropriate reconstruction, can be engaged in culture of Penaeus vannamei industry, greatly improved the fishery economic benefit of these large waters surface.5, having changed past Penaeus Vannmei can only be in the present situation of labor standard pond culture, has expanded the promoted extension of culture of Penaeus vannamei industry, can promote the development of local economy, accelerates the people and gets rich.6, reduced the input cost of unit cultured area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the floor map on the shrimp of the present invention pool
Fig. 2 is the generalized section on the shrimp of the present invention pool
In figure: 1, at the bottom of the pool, 2, annular irrigation canals and ditches, 3, earth dyke.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with attached Fig. 1 and 2, with 2012～2013 the cultivation examples in approximately 340 mu of Gou Weihu fishing ground, Gou Weihu village of Guan Yuan township, Lixian County, changde, hunan province city one place's areas, approximate rectangular natural lake, the present invention is further set forth.
(1) shrimp seedling is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed: the whole pool, the solarization pool, the sterilization of cleaning up the pond, water inlet, the preparation of building, training water, storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater of storage pond, holding pond, preparation and the debugging of equipment.
1. the whole pool: dry season autumn and winter of 2011, will enclose fishing ground, lake and drain water, and earth dyke 3 bank protections be constructed by the gradient of 1:3 with land and water digging machine, excavating annular irrigation canals and ditches 2 apart from the place of bank protection bottom 0.5m again, width is 3m, and the degree of depth is 1m, and the earthwork of digging out adds to be protected on bank protection.
2. shine the pool: at the bottom of the pool, 1 presents polygon, color is white.
3. the sterilization of cleaning up the pond: annular irrigation canals and ditches water inlet 30cm, with the sterilization of evenly splashing after quicklime 51000kgization water, 10 days afterwards the full pool of use niclosamidum 340kg sterilize.
4. water inlet: clean up the pond sterilization after 15 days, intake to 80cm, double-deck intake gate is established in water inlet, 60 order water inlet net filtrations for ground floor, 80 order water inlet net filtrations for the second layer.
5. building of storage pond, holding pond: build the little storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 5 mu and the large storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 20 mu at shrimp pool area without shade with colour bar cloth after sterilization, little storage pond, holding pond, in large storage pond, holding pond, requires little storage pond, holding pond waterproof; Little storage pond, holding pond is placed a 5kw bottom aerator, and large storage pond, holding pond is placed 6 1.5kw waterwheel aerators.
6. train water: execute fermentation muck 45300kg, composite fertilizer 900kg, for cultivating basic biological feed.
7. the preparation of storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater: little storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method, water depth is 1m, 1 mu of area, adds NaCl:333.5kg, H
3pO
4: 2.3kg, Al
2cl
6: 16kg, Na
2siO
3: 31kg, MgSO4:333.5kg, NaBr:66.6kg, H3BO3:333.5kg, CaCl2:3330kg, KCL:3330kg throws in the micro-666kg of calcic, magnesium, zinc, iron simultaneously, starts aerator and stirs evenly; Large storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method: throw in sea crystal 150kg for every mu.
8. the preparation of equipment and debugging: according to every 3 mu of waters surface, the standard that a waterwheel aerator is installed is clockwise equipped with; Colour bar bamboo bar is plugged at water surface surrounding and middle part, prevents that prawn from suffering the predation of birds, drives birds away, reduces the loss.
(2) the choosing of shrimp seedling, put in a suitable place to breed, desalinate, biological prevention and control.
1. choosing of shrimp seedling: the long 0.5cm of selective body, Individual Size is even, energetic, disease-free, without disability, be subject to stimulation by running water and have the generation seedling of top water phenomenon.
2. putting in a suitable place to breed of shrimp seedling: the injected volume of the large water surface cultured prawn of pure fresh water is 40,000 tail/mus, every mu of input shrimp 6,000,000 tails of little storage pond, holding pond; Shrimp seedling is put into the previous day of little storage pond, holding pond, and artificial seawater is prepared, and starts bottom aerator and fully stirs evenly; Selection weather is fine, and 22 ° of water temperatures weather more than C, throws in shrimp seedling; In the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 2cm, remove little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, shrimp seedling is put into large storage pond, holding pond, in the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 3cm, remove large storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, allow shrimp seedling enter in large water surface water body and raise.
3. the desalination of shrimp seedling: Desalination is divided into one-level desalination and secondary desalination, needs the omnidistance aerator of opening when desalination; When one-level desalination, shrimp seedling is put into little storage pond, holding pond, first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, reduces the stress reaction of shrimp seedling; Second day starts, and reduces by 0.1% salinity every day, within 5-6 days, the water salinity of little storage pond, holding pond is reduced to consistent with large storage pond, holding pond water salinity; Then little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth is removed, shrimp seedling enters large storage pond, holding pond, carries out secondary desalination; Shrimp seedling enters after large storage pond, holding pond, and first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, and second day starts, and 0.2% salinity that declines every day, reduces to 0 degree by the water salinity of large storage pond, holding pond in 5-6 days, finally shrimp seedling is put into large water surface water body; The key that the large water surface is supported shrimp is the technology of supporting temporarily of shrimp seedling, needs the moment to pay close attention to shrimp seedling density, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite; Density is excessive, suitably storage pond, holding pond is expanded; Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are too high, need to use substrate clarificant, reduce the content of water body ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, guarantee the desalination environment of shrimp seedling.
4. biological prevention and control: enter after the large water surface water body of pure fresh water at shrimp seedling, put into silver carp and each 50 tails of grass carp that specification is 0.5 jin/tail according to every mu, in order to eat up die of illness weak shrimp and balance algae picture, prevent transmission.
(3) Desalination phase feeding and management: during the desalination of shrimp seedling one-level, the special compound feed prawn slice of growing seedlings of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 3 every day, on average throws something and feeds once for every 8 hours, day every ten thousand tail 10g of feeding volume; Feeding time is 7:00,18:00,24:00, and evening, feeding volume accounted for 60% of day bait throwing in total amount; After must washing by rubbing with the hands with 350 object bolting silks while throwing something and feeding with prawn slice, throw something and feed, feeding method is evenly to splash in full pond; During secondary desalination, No. 0 PP Pipe Compound of prawn of producing with Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd, throws something and feeds 4 every day, Feeding time 7:00,12:00,19:00,24:00, day every ten thousand tail 90g of feeding volume; Also need in storage pond, holding pond, throw in 0.5g Vb, 0.1g Vc, tri-kinds of vitamins of 0.1g Ve by every cube of water body every three days, in case stress reaction.
(4) mature stage management is divided into: regulating and controlling water quality, feeding and management, routine testing, disease prevention and cure.
1. regulating and controlling water quality: select fine weather to change water, changed water once every 10 days, each quantity of exchanged water 10cm, changes water at every turn and will sterilize, to reaching following water quality index: transparency 30cm, Ph value 7.8, ammonia nitrogen is below 0.1mg/L, and nitrite is below 0.03mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide is below 0.1mg/L, bottom dissolved oxygen is more than 3mg/L, and upper strata dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L; Water quality index changes, and regulates with corresponding substrate clarificant.
2. mature stage feeding and management: suitably shrimp seedling body length, more than 3cm, after namely secondary has been desalinated, adopts No. 1 PP Pipe Compound of prawn of Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd production, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 10% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 5cm, adopts No. 1 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn of Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd production, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 8% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, in the time that 6cm is above, adopts No. 2 PP Pipe Compound of prawn of Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd production, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 6% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 8cm, adopts No. 2 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn of Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd production, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 5% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 10cm, adopts No. 3 PP Pipe Compound of prawn of Zhejiang Ming Hui feed corporation,Ltd production, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 2% of shrimp body weight; Set up multiple material platforms of looking in large water surface surrounding, within 1.5 hours, eat up material as standard take shrimp-roe, at this moment between before eat up, throw something and feed next time and add a bit; After at this moment, eat up material, the material of adding some points less of throwing something and feeding next time; According to weather condition or epidemic disease situation, feed intake less or do not feed intake; Long-term rainy, cloudy, daily ration, feeding quantity reduces by half; Epidemic disease occur time, daily ration, feeding quantity be reduced to 1/3rd or stop material.
3. daily inspection, detection: patrol the pool at every morning, evening, midnight, observe change of water quality, by apparatus measures dissolved oxygen amount, Ph value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide and six indexs of transparency, and make a record; If Ph value and transparency height, change water, quantity of exchanged water is breeding water body 5%, and simultaneously according to depth of water 1m, every mu adds denitrifying bacteria 0.15kg to regulate; When Ph value is low, every mu adds lime 10kg and regulates, and every mu adds zeolite powder 15kg and stablize ammonia nitrogen in water body, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide index, in case further infect water body expansion shrimp-roe lethality, causes immeasurable loss.
4. the use of aerator: 50 days prawn culturing early stages, except rainy, cloudy day need be started aerator for a long time, only start in 3:00 AM to 7 of mornings every day, and large water surface cultured prawn is Ecology environment after all, just can meet the requirement of prawn to oxygen by nature dissolved oxygen.Prawn culturing stage, according to the reference that is determined as of dissolved oxygen amount, starts aerator every day and is no less than 15 hours; Putting according to clockwise direction of aerator placed, and during cultivation, every 15 days, by the rotation of aerator placing direction, fully stirs water body, and allowing harmful substance pass through to stir can natural degradation.
5. Epidemic disease prevention: adhere to putting prevention first, support anti-be combined into auxiliary; Within every 7 days, be a course for the treatment of, according to the data of measuring, use the beneficial bacterium of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus each course for the treatment of, and injected volume is every cube of water body 1g.When prawn grows to 6-8cm, be the peak period of morbidity, threw something and fed once with organic iodine spice every 15 days.
(5) results: water surface for aquaculture is larger, risk strengthens, and must adopt wheel to catch, and reduces density, and employing is drawn in the net or lobster basket is fished for, and catches to stay greatly littlely, goes on the market in batches; When prawn grows to 60-70 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 40-50 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 20-30 head/jin, remaining prawn is caught; While fishing for, can not intake, stop expecting two days; While fishing for, avoid the shelling phase prawn.
According to above cultivation example calculation, approximately 0.5 ten thousand yuan of cost per mus, totally 170 ten thousand yuan.Form into shrimp and fish in three batches, first 6.5 ten thousand jin, specification is 60/jin, and price is 18 yuan/jin; 70,000 jin of second batchs, specification is 40～50/jin, price is 22～25 yuan/jin; The 3rd batch 6.5 ten thousand jin, specification is 22～38/jin, and price is 30 yuan/jin; Three batches catch prawns 200,000 jin altogether, take in 4,800,000 yuan, and gross profit reaches 3,100,000 yuan, and average every mu of net profit reaches more than 0.9 ten thousand yuan, have successfully realized lake (the large water surface) aquaculture model.
Claims (1)
1. a cultural method for Penaeus Vannmei freshwater lake, is characterized in that, breeding process is following steps:
(1) shrimp seedling is put front preparation in a suitable place to breed: the whole pool, the solarization pool, the sterilization of cleaning up the pond, water inlet, the preparation of building, training water, storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater of storage pond, holding pond, preparation and the debugging of equipment;
1. the whole pool: in the time cultivating dry season autumn and winter of the previous year, lake or reservoir are drained to water, the earth dyke bank protection of lake or reservoir is constructed by the gradient of 1:2.5～3 with land and water digging machine, excavating annular irrigation canals and ditches apart from the place of bank protection bottom 0.5m again, width is 3～4m, the degree of depth is 0.8～1m, and the earthwork of digging out adds to be protected on bank protection;
2. shine the pool: at the bottom of the pool, present polygon, color is white;
3. the sterilization of cleaning up the pond: annular irrigation canals and ditches water inlet 20-30cm, with the sterilization of evenly splashing after quicklime 2250kg/h ㎡ization water, 10 days afterwards use niclosamidum 15kg/ h ㎡ sterilize on the full pool;
4. water inlet: clean up the pond sterilization after 15 days, intake to 80cm, double-deck intake gate is established in water inlet, 60 order water inlet net filtrations for ground floor, 80 order water inlet net filtrations for the second layer;
5. building of storage pond, holding pond: build the little storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 5 mu and the large storage pond, holding pond of rectangle of 20 mu at shrimp pool area without shade with colour bar cloth after sterilization, little storage pond, holding pond, in large storage pond, holding pond, requires little storage pond, holding pond waterproof; Little storage pond, holding pond is placed a 5kw bottom aerator, and large storage pond, holding pond is placed 6 1.5kw waterwheel aerators;
6. train water: execute fermentation muck 2000kg/ h ㎡, composite fertilizer 40 kg/ h ㎡, for cultivating basic biological feed;
7. the preparation of storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater: little storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method, water depth is 1m, 1 mu of area, adds NaCl:66.6-333.5kg, H
3pO
4: 2-2.67kg, Al
2cl
6: 15-17.5kg, Na
2siO
3: 30-32.5kg, MgSO4:66.6-333.5kg, NaBr:6.66-66.6kg, H3BO3:133.4-333.5kg, CaCl2:666-3330kg, KCL:666-3330kg, the micro-333.5-666kg that simultaneously throws in calcic, magnesium, zinc, iron, starts aerator and stirs evenly; Large storage pond, holding pond artificial seawater compound method: throw in sea crystal 150kg for every mu;
8. the preparation of equipment and debugging: according to every 3 mu of waters surface, the standard that a waterwheel aerator is installed is clockwise equipped with; Colour bar bamboo bar is plugged at the surrounding of the water surface and middle part, to prevent that prawn from suffering the predation of birds, drives birds away, reduces the loss;
(2) the choosing of shrimp seedling, put in a suitable place to breed, desalinate, biological prevention and control;
1. choosing of shrimp seedling: the long 0.4-0.8cm of selective body, Individual Size is even, energetic, disease-free, without disability, be subject to stimulation by running water and have the generation seedling of top water phenomenon;
2. putting in a suitable place to breed of shrimp seedling: the injected volume of the large water surface cultured prawn of pure fresh water is 40,000 tail/mus, every mu of input shrimp 6,000,000 tails of little storage pond, holding pond; Shrimp seedling is put into the previous day of little storage pond, holding pond, and artificial seawater is prepared, and starts bottom aerator and fully stirs evenly; Selection weather is fine, and 22 ° of water temperatures weather more than C, throws in shrimp seedling; In the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 2cm, remove little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, shrimp seedling is put into large storage pond, holding pond, in the time that shrimp seedling is grown up to 3cm, remove large storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth, allow shrimp seedling enter in large water surface water body and raise;
3. the desalination of shrimp seedling: Desalination is divided into one-level desalination and secondary desalination, needs the omnidistance aerator of opening when desalination; When one-level desalination, shrimp seedling is put into little storage pond, holding pond, first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, reduces the stress reaction of shrimp seedling; Second day starts, and reduces by 0.1% salinity every day, within 5-6 days, the water salinity of little storage pond, holding pond is reduced to consistent with large storage pond, holding pond water salinity; Then little storage pond, holding pond colour bar cloth is removed, shrimp seedling enters large storage pond, holding pond, carries out secondary desalination; Shrimp seedling enters after large storage pond, holding pond, and first day is not desalinated pool inner water body salinity, and second day starts, and 0.2% salinity that declines every day, reduces to 0 degree by the water salinity of large storage pond, holding pond in 5-6 days, finally shrimp seedling is put into large water surface water body;
4. biological prevention and control: enter after the large water surface water body of pure fresh water at shrimp seedling, according to every mu of silver carp and each 50 tails of grass carp of putting into 0.5 jin/tail of specification, in order to eat up die of illness weak shrimp and balance algae picture, prevent transmission;
(3) Desalination phase feeding and management: during the desalination of shrimp seedling one-level, the special compound feed prawn slice of growing seedlings of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 3 every day, on average throws something and feeds once for every 8 hours, day every ten thousand tail 10g of feeding volume; Feeding time is 7:00,18:00,24:00, and evening, feeding volume accounted for 60% of day bait throwing in total amount; After must washing by rubbing with the hands with 350 object bolting silks while throwing something and feeding with prawn slice, throw something and feed, feeding method is evenly to splash in full pond; During secondary desalination, by No. 0 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, throw something and feed every day 4 times, Feeding time 7:00,12:00,19:00,24:00, day every ten thousand tail 90g of feeding volume; Also need in storage pond, holding pond, throw in 0.5g Vb, 0.1g Vc, tri-kinds of vitamins of 0.1g Ve by every cube of water body every three days, in case stress reaction;
(4) mature stage management is divided into: regulating and controlling water quality, feeding and management, routine testing, disease prevention and cure;
1. regulating and controlling water quality: select fine weather to change water, changed water once every 10-15 days, each quantity of exchanged water, at 10-15cm, changes water at every turn and all will sterilize, to reaching following water quality index: transparency 30-40cm, Ph value 7.8-9.0, ammonia nitrogen is below 0.1mg/L, and nitrite is below 0.03mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide is below 0.1mg/L, bottom dissolved oxygen is more than 3mg/L, and upper strata dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L; In the time that water quality index changes, regulate with corresponding substrate clarificant;
2. mature stage feeding and management: suitably shrimp seedling body length, more than 3cm, after namely secondary has been desalinated, adopts No. 1 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 10% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 5cm, adopts No. 1 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 8% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, in the time that 6cm is above, adopts No. 2 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 6% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 8cm, adopts No. 2 half PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 5% of shrimp body weight; Shrimp-roe body length, more than 10cm, adopts No. 3 PP Pipe Compound of prawn, and daily ration of feeding accounts for 2% of shrimp body weight; Set up multiple material platforms of looking in large water surface surrounding, within 1.5 hours, eat up material as standard take shrimp-roe; According to weather condition or epidemic disease situation, feed intake less or do not feed intake; Long-term rainy or cloudy, daily ration, feeding quantity reduces by half; Epidemic disease occur time, daily ration, feeding quantity be reduced to 1/3rd or stop material;
3. daily inspection, detection: patrol the pool at every morning, evening, midnight, observe change of water quality, by apparatus measures dissolved oxygen amount, Ph value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide and six indexs of transparency, and make a record, expand shrimp-roe lethality in case further infect water body, cause immeasurable loss;
4. the use of aerator: 50 days prawn culturing early stages, rain, the cloudy day needs the long-time aerator of opening, conventional weather every day only at 3:00 AM to 7 unlatching aerators in morning; Prawn culturing stage, according to the reference that is determined as of dissolved oxygen amount, starts aerator every day and is no less than 15 hours, and aerator is placed according to clockwise direction, during cultivation every 15 days, by the rotation of aerator placing direction, fully stir water body, harmful substance can natural degradation by stirring;
5. Epidemic disease prevention: adhere to putting prevention first, support anti-be combined into auxiliary; Within every 7 days, be a course for the treatment of, according to the data of measuring, use the beneficial bacterium of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus each course for the treatment of, and injected volume is every cube of water body 1g; When prawn grows to 6-8cm, be the peak period of morbidity, threw something and fed once with organic iodine spice every 15 days;
(5) results: water surface for aquaculture is larger, risk strengthens, and must adopt wheel to catch, and reduces density, and employing is drawn in the net or lobster basket is fished for, and catches to stay greatly littlely, goes on the market in batches; When prawn grows to 60-70 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 40-50 head/jin, fish for 1/3rd; When prawn grows to 20-30 head/jin, remaining prawn is caught; While fishing for, can not intake, stop expecting two days; While fishing for, avoid the shelling phase prawn.
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