CN112931104A - Rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931104A CN112931104A CN202110161970.XA CN202110161970A CN112931104A CN 112931104 A CN112931104 A CN 112931104A CN 202110161970 A CN202110161970 A CN 202110161970A CN 112931104 A CN112931104 A CN 112931104A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 360
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- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 227
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 36
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 241000132906 Tubificidae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
- A01K61/53—Baskets therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the technical field of crop and aquaculture, and provides a rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method which comprises five steps of rice field transformation, water body treatment, rice planting, breeding management and rice and shrimp harvesting. The annular ditch is changed once every five days in the planting and breeding process, so that the water flow in the annular ditch is fresh, the oxygen is sufficient, the flowability of the water flow in the annular ditch is ensured, the condition of stink water is avoided, disinfectant chlorine dioxide consisting of chlorine dioxide, calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water is scattered into the annular ditch on the third day after water changing to effectively sterilize the water in the annular ditch, the calcium peroxide slowly releases oxygen when scattered into the water, the oxygen content of the water flow in the annular ditch is effectively improved, the growth of the crayfish is benefited, and the frequency of changing the water flow in the annular ditch is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crops and aquaculture, in particular to a rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method.
Background
The ecological planting and breeding technology is the inevitable trend of agricultural industrialization development, and is characterized in that according to the symbiotic complementation principle between the cultured animals and plants, the natural substance circulation system is utilized, and the corresponding culture technology and management measures are adopted, so that the animals and plants can grow together in a certain culture space and area, and the purposes of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefit are realized.
The crayfish meat is delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for increasing and breeding the crayfish at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. In order to consider economic benefits, the scale and the area of the comprehensive intercropping of the rice field are rapidly increased at present. However, the current breeding mode of rice shrimp work has the situation that the yield of crayfish and rice is low in practical operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: modifying the rice field, selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field to enable the ridges to be 0.4-0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, and the ridge width to be 0.8-1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3-4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1-1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field;
step 2: water body treatment, namely uniformly splashing 70-80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular trench for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular trench, spreading organic fertilizer special for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular trench according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting aquatic plants in the circular trench, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 10-20% of the area of the circular trench; putting beneficial organisms into the annular ditch;
and step 3: planting rice, namely inserting rice seedlings of rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance into the disinfected and fattened rice field, wherein the density of the rice seedlings is 15-20cm of plant spacing and 25-30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in a deep-water culture ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
and 4, step 4: culturing management, namely injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water level of each water change is about 0.2-0.3 m; spraying disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time;
and 5: harvesting the rice shrimps, fishing reasonably, catching the shrimps by adopting a ground cage in the rice production period, and leaving the shrimps to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
The aquatic plant in the step 2 is one or two of hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabaricum and alternanthera philoxeroides; the beneficial organisms are one or two of tubificidae, river snail and freshwater mussel; the spreading amount of the farmyard manure in the annular ditch in the step 2 is 40-50kg per mu.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for rice in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
1) adding 2-4% of EM microbial inoculum into livestock manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain a material A;
2) mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning over the compost every other day, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain a material B;
3) mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: (0.05-0.2), concentrating into piles according to the height of 3-6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously piling for two weeks, crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice.
The livestock and poultry manure is formed by mixing one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and duck manure.
The preparation method of the disinfectant in the step 4 comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 15-20 parts of citric acid, 4-9 parts of calcium peroxide and 2-6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water;
2) pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide;
3) fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant, shaking uniformly and then spreading.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water comprises the following steps: according to (2-3): (1-2): (5-8): (5-12): (2-4) weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water.
Aquatic plants such as hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabarica and alternanthera philoxeroides are planted in the annular ditch, oxygen can be provided for water in the annular ditch by utilizing photosynthesis of the aquatic plants, the dissolved oxygen of the water is increased, a good ecological environment is provided for growth of crayfish, and the aquatic plants can be used for the crayfish to inhabit and can be used as food of the crayfish; beneficial organisms such as tubificidae, river snails and freshwater mussels are put into the annular ditch, organic matters deposited at the bottom of the annular ditch can be decomposed, sufficient organic nutrients are provided for crayfish, the ecological balance of the annular ditch is facilitated, and the yield of the crayfish and the planting yield of rice are improved.
The organic fertilizer special for the rice, which is prepared by taking livestock and poultry excrement, sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed meal, bagasse and rooting powder as raw materials, is spread in the rice field, so that sufficient nitrogen fertilizer and the like are provided for the growth of the rice, and the raw materials in the organic fertilizer special for the rice can also be used as one of crayfish foods, so that the growth and the yield of the rice are promoted, and the organic fertilizer special for the rice is also beneficial to the growth of the crayfish.
The water in the annular ditch is changed once every five days in the planting and breeding process, so that the water flow in the annular ditch is fresh, oxygen is sufficient, the flowability of the water flow in the annular ditch is ensured, the condition of stinky water is avoided, disinfectant chlorine dioxide consisting of chlorine dioxide, calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water is scattered into the annular ditch on the third day after the water change to effectively sterilize the water in the annular ditch, and the calcium peroxide slowly releases oxygen in the scattered water, so that the oxygen content of the water flow in the annular ditch is effectively improved, the growth of the crayfish is benefited, and the water change frequency of the water flow in the annular ditch is reduced; the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water can effectively kill parasites and ova in the annular ditch, is environment-friendly, has no side effect on crayfish and rice, and ensures the healthy growth of the crayfish and the rice.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The ecological planting and breeding technology is the inevitable trend of agricultural industrialization development, and is characterized in that according to the symbiotic complementation principle between the cultured animals and plants, the natural substance circulation system is utilized, and the corresponding culture technology and management measures are adopted, so that the animals and plants can grow together in a certain culture space and area, and the purposes of keeping ecological balance and improving culture benefit are realized. The shrimp meat is delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for increasing and breeding shrimps at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. In order to consider economic benefits, the scale and the area of the comprehensive intercropping of the rice field are rapidly increased at present. However, in the current rice and shrimp working breeding mode, the situation that the yield of crayfish and rice is low exists in the practical operation, and in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-culture breeding method, which comprises the following steps: modifying the rice field, selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field to enable the ridges to be 0.4-0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, and the ridge width to be 0.8-1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3-4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1-1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; water body treatment, namely uniformly splashing 70-80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular trench for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular trench, spreading organic fertilizer special for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular trench according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting aquatic plants in the circular trench, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 10-20% of the area of the circular trench; putting beneficial organisms into the annular ditch; planting rice, namely inserting rice seedlings of rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance into the disinfected and fattened rice field, wherein the density of the rice seedlings is 15-20cm of plant spacing and 25-30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in a deep-water culture ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; culturing management, namely injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water level of each water change is about 0.2-0.3 m; spraying disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; harvesting the rice shrimps, fishing reasonably, catching the shrimps by adopting a ground cage in the rice production period, and leaving the shrimps to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: modifying the rice field, selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field to enable the ridges to be 0.4-0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, and the ridge width to be 0.8-1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3-4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1-1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field;
step 2: water body treatment, namely uniformly splashing 70-80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular trench for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular trench, spreading organic fertilizer special for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular trench according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting aquatic plants in the circular trench, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 10-20% of the area of the circular trench; putting beneficial organisms into the annular ditch;
and step 3: planting rice, namely inserting rice seedlings of rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance into the disinfected and fattened rice field, wherein the density of the rice seedlings is 15-20cm of plant spacing and 25-30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in a deep-water culture ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
and 4, step 4: culturing management, namely injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water level of each water change is about 0.2-0.3 m; spraying disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time;
and 5: harvesting the rice shrimps, fishing reasonably, catching the shrimps by adopting a ground cage in the rice production period, and leaving the shrimps to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
In the invention, aquatic plants such as hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabaricum and alternanthera philoxeroides are planted in the annular ditch, oxygen can be provided for water in the annular ditch by utilizing photosynthesis of the aquatic plants, the dissolved oxygen of the water is increased, a good ecological environment is provided for growth of crayfish, and the aquatic plants can be used for the crayfish to inhabit and can be used as food of the crayfish.
According to the invention, beneficial organisms such as tubificidae, river snails and freshwater mussels are put into the annular ditch, so that organic matters deposited at the bottom of the annular ditch can be decomposed, sufficient organic nutrients are provided for crayfish, the ecological balance of the annular ditch is facilitated, and the yield of crayfish and the planting yield of rice are increased.
In the invention, the special organic fertilizer for rice, which is prepared by taking livestock and poultry excrement, sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs, bagasse and rooting powder as raw materials, is applied to the rice field, so that sufficient nitrogen fertilizer and the like are provided for the growth of rice, and the raw materials in the special organic fertilizer for rice can also be used as one of crayfish foods, thereby promoting the growth and yield of rice and being beneficial to the growth of crayfish.
In the invention, the water in the circular ditch is changed once every five days in the planting and breeding process, so that the water flow in the circular ditch is ensured to be fresh, the oxygen is sufficient, the mobility of the water flow in the circular ditch is ensured, the condition of stinky water is avoided, disinfectant chlorine dioxide consisting of chlorine dioxide, calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water is scattered into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change to effectively sterilize the water in the circular ditch, the calcium peroxide slowly releases oxygen when scattered into the water, the oxygen content of the water flow in the circular ditch is effectively improved, the growth of the crayfish is benefited, and the frequency of changing the water flow in the circular ditch is reduced; the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water can effectively kill parasites and ova in the annular ditch, is environment-friendly, has no side effect on crayfish and rice, and ensures the healthy growth of the crayfish and the rice.
The technical effects of the method for raising rice and shrimp together according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the specific implementation methods mentioned in these examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the technical solution of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation scope of the present invention, and all modifications and substitutions based on the above principles should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Adding 2% of EM microbial inoculum into the chicken manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.05, concentrating into piles according to the height of 3m, stacking, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps: 1: 5: 5: 2 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of chlorine dioxide, 15 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of calcium peroxide and 2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.4m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 0.8 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 70kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in the rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 10 percent of the area of the circular ditch; putting river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 15cm of plant spacing and 25cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.2m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Example 2
Adding 3% of EM microbial inoculum into the chicken manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 6 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning over the compost every other day, and fermenting for 6 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.12, concentrating into piles according to a height of 5m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously piling for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the weight ratio of 2.5: 1.5: 6.5: 8.5: 3 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of chlorine dioxide, 17 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of calcium peroxide and 4 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.45m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 0.9 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3.5m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.25 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 75kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in the rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 15 percent of the area of the circular ditch; putting river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 17cm of plant spacing and 27cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.25m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Example 3
Adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into the chicken manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 20 parts of citric acid, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in the rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; putting river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Example 4
Adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into chicken manure, pig manure and duck manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 20 parts of citric acid, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Example 5
Adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into chicken manure, pig manure and duck manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of chlorine dioxide, 15 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of calcium peroxide and 2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Example 6
Adding 2% of EM microbial inoculum into the chicken manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.05, concentrating into piles according to the height of 3m, stacking, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps: 1: 5: 5: 2 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 20 parts of citric acid, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.4m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 0.8 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 70kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 15cm of plant spacing and 25cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.2m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Weighing and measuring the rice yield per mu and the crayfish yield per mu obtained by planting and breeding in the embodiments 1-6; and a 35 mu rice field is selected for planting according to the existing rice and shrimp co-culture method, and the test results are shown in table 1:
table 1
In summary, as can be seen from table 1, the crayfish yield per mu and the rice yield per mu obtained by planting the crayfish in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention are both greater than the yield per mu obtained by the existing rice and shrimp co-culture, wherein the crayfish yield per mu and the rice yield per mu in the embodiment 4 are the best, and the embodiment thereof is as follows: adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into chicken manure, pig manure and duck manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice; according to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water; weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 20 parts of citric acid, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant; selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Further, the invention also makes systematic research on the process conditions in the rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method, and the following test scheme which only obviously influences the yield per mu effect of the rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding by changing the process conditions is explained, and the process conditions of the embodiment 4 are taken as the basis, and the specific reference is shown in the comparative examples 1-4:
comparative example 1
According to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 20 parts of citric acid, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide; fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading common organic fertilizer in the rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Comparative example 2
Adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into chicken manure, pig manure and duck manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; spreading common chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the circular trench on the third day after water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Comparative example 3
Adding 4% of EM microbial inoculum into chicken manure, pig manure and duck manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material A; mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 7 days to obtain a material B; mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: mixing and cooling at a ratio of 0.2, concentrating into piles according to a height of 6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously stacking for two weeks, and crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice;
according to the following steps of 3: 2: 8: 12: 4 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 9 parts of calcium peroxide and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water; fully mixing active chlorine dioxide, calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant;
selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading special organic fertilizer for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; scattering uniformly shaken disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
Comparative example 4
Selecting 35 mu of rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, and heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width is 1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field; uniformly sprinkling 80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular ditch for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular ditch, spreading common organic fertilizer in the rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular ditch according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting malus asiaticus and water peanuts in the circular ditch, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 20% of the area of the circular ditch; throwing water earthworms and river snails into the annular ditch; rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 20cm of plant spacing and 30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period; injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water change position is about 0.3m each time; spreading common chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the circular trench on the third day after water change is finished each time; reasonably fishing, adopting a ground cage to catch the prawns in the rice production period, and leaving the prawns to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
The rice yield per mu and the crayfish yield per mu obtained by planting the rice and the crayfish in the comparative examples 1 to 4 are weighed, and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
In summary, it can be seen from Table 2 that the rice yield per mu and the crayfish yield per mu obtained by the planting of comparative examples 1 to 4 are smaller than those obtained by the planting of example 4. Wherein the comparative example 1 is that ordinary organic fertilizer is applied to the rice in the paddy field during the breeding, the raw material of the ordinary organic fertilizer is not the food of crayfish, so the crayfish can not be promoted to grow after the ordinary organic fertilizer is applied, and partial components in the organic fertilizer are not beneficial to the growth of crayfish; comparative example 2 the disinfectant applied to the circular trench in the planting process is common chlorine dioxide disinfectant without adding calcium peroxide, thus having no effect of releasing oxygen to improve the dissolved oxygen in water after being applied; the disinfectant of comparative example 3 is not added with citric acid to activate chlorine dioxide in the preparation process, so that the sterilizing and disinfecting effects of chlorine dioxide are weakened; comparative example 4 common organic fertilizer was applied to rice in the paddy field during the planting process, and the disinfecting solution applied to the circumferential groove was common chlorine dioxide disinfecting solution.
In summary, in the method for planting and breeding rice and shrimp in a combined crop provided in this embodiment, aquatic plants such as hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabarica and alternanthera philoxeroides are planted in the annular ditch, so that the photosynthesis of the aquatic plants can be utilized to provide oxygen for the water in the annular ditch, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water is increased, a good ecological environment is provided for the growth of crayfish, and the aquatic plants can be used for the crayfish to inhabit and can be used as food for the crayfish; beneficial organisms such as tubificidae, river snails and freshwater mussels are put into the annular ditch, organic matters deposited at the bottom of the annular ditch can be decomposed, sufficient organic nutrients are provided for crayfish, the ecological balance of the annular ditch is facilitated, and the yield of the crayfish and the planting yield of rice are improved.
The organic fertilizer special for the rice, which is prepared by taking livestock and poultry excrement, sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed meal, bagasse and rooting powder as raw materials, is spread in the rice field, so that sufficient nitrogen fertilizer and the like are provided for the growth of the rice, and the raw materials in the organic fertilizer special for the rice can also be used as one of crayfish foods, so that the growth and the yield of the rice are promoted, and the organic fertilizer special for the rice is also beneficial to the growth of the crayfish.
The water in the annular ditch is changed once every five days in the planting and breeding process, so that the water flow in the annular ditch is fresh, oxygen is sufficient, the flowability of the water flow in the annular ditch is ensured, the condition of stinky water is avoided, disinfectant chlorine dioxide consisting of chlorine dioxide, calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water is scattered into the annular ditch on the third day after the water change to effectively sterilize the water in the annular ditch, and the calcium peroxide slowly releases oxygen in the scattered water, so that the oxygen content of the water flow in the annular ditch is effectively improved, the growth of the crayfish is benefited, and the water change frequency of the water flow in the annular ditch is reduced; the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water can effectively kill parasites and ova in the annular ditch, is environment-friendly, has no side effect on crayfish and rice, and ensures the healthy growth of the crayfish and the rice.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: modifying the rice field, selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, no pollution and fertile soil, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field to enable the ridges to be 0.4-0.5m higher than the plane of the rice field, and the ridge width to be 0.8-1 m; excavating an annular ditch along the inner side of the paddy field ridge, wherein the width of the annular ditch is 3-4m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 1-1.5 m; arranging escape-proof nets on the drainage port and the ridge of the rice field;
step 2: water body treatment, namely uniformly splashing 70-80kg of quicklime in each mu of circular trench for disinfection for one week, then spreading farmyard manure in the circular trench, spreading organic fertilizer special for rice in a rice field, putting shrimp seedlings into the circular trench according to the amount of 20kg per mu, and transplanting aquatic plants in the circular trench, wherein the transplanting area accounts for 10-20% of the area of the circular trench; putting beneficial organisms into the annular ditch;
and step 3: planting rice, namely inserting rice seedlings of rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance into the disinfected and fattened rice field, wherein the density of the rice seedlings is 15-20cm of plant spacing and 25-30cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in a deep-water culture ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
and 4, step 4: culturing management, namely injecting fresh water flow into the rice field once every five days, and draining water while injecting water to realize water change, wherein the water level of each water change is about 0.2-0.3 m; spraying disinfectant into the circular ditch on the third day after the water change is finished each time;
and 5: harvesting the rice shrimps, fishing reasonably, catching the shrimps by adopting a ground cage in the rice production period, and leaving the shrimps to continue growing; harvesting the rice in time after the rice is mature, and draining water before harvesting the rice to catch the shrimps clean at one time.
2. The method for planting and cultivating rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant in step 2 is one or two of hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabaricum, and alternanthera philoxeroides.
3. The method for planting and cultivating rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beneficial organisms in step 2 are one or two of tubificidae, river snails and mussels.
4. The rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for rice in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
1) adding 2-4% of EM microbial inoculum into livestock manure, composting and fermenting, turning the compost once every other day, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain a material A;
2) mixing sweet potato residue, rice straw, rapeseed dregs and bagasse, composting and fermenting, turning over the compost every other day, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain a material B;
3) mixing the material A, the material B and the rooting powder according to the proportion of 1: 1: (0.05-0.2), concentrating into piles according to the height of 3-6m, turning the piles once every two weeks, continuously piling for two weeks, crushing and sieving to obtain the organic fertilizer special for rice.
5. The rice and shrimp co-cropping planting and raising method according to claim 4, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is one or a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and duck manure.
6. The rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the disinfectant in the step 4 comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of chlorine dioxide, 15-20 parts of citric acid, 4-9 parts of calcium peroxide and 2-6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water;
2) pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide;
3) fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant, shaking uniformly and then spreading.
7. The rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water comprises the following steps: according to (2-3): (1-2): (5-8): (5-12): (2-4) weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water.
8. The rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the disinfectant in the step 4 comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts of chlorine dioxide, 17 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of calcium peroxide and 4 parts of Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water;
2) pouring citric acid and chlorine dioxide into a mixing barrel, and uniformly stirring to realize activation treatment on the chlorine dioxide;
3) fully mixing the activated chlorine dioxide with calcium peroxide and Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water to obtain a disinfectant, shaking uniformly and then spreading.
9. The rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine insecticidal water comprises the following steps: according to the weight ratio of 2.5: 1.5: 6.5: 8.5: 3 weighing honeysuckle, radix bupleuri, liquorice, mulberry leaves and betel nuts according to the weight ratio; cleaning flos Lonicerae, bupleuri radix, Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Mori, and Arecae semen, pulverizing, and squeezing to obtain Chinese medicinal juice; adsorbing the Chinese medicinal liquid with macroporous resin, and eluting with ethanol to obtain Chinese medicinal insecticidal water.
10. The method for planting and raising rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the amount of farmyard manure applied to the ring ditches is 40-50kg per acre.
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Application publication date: 20210611 |