CN112920210B - 一种红光可激活的光动力治疗-化疗联用前药及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种红光可激活的光动力治疗-化疗联用前药及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112920210B CN112920210B CN202110134499.5A CN202110134499A CN112920210B CN 112920210 B CN112920210 B CN 112920210B CN 202110134499 A CN202110134499 A CN 202110134499A CN 112920210 B CN112920210 B CN 112920210B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种红光可激活的光动力治疗‑化疗联用前药及其制备和应用。本发明对化疗药喜树碱20位羟基进行化学修饰,引入含有缩硫酮结构的连接臂,再将其经点击反应共价到氟硼二吡咯光敏剂上,得到一种红光可激活的光动力治疗‑化疗联用前药:喜树碱‑氟硼二吡咯轭合物。同时本发明以喜树碱‑氟硼二吡咯轭合物为研究对象,分别以人肝癌细胞HepG2、人食管癌细胞EC109以及人宫颈癌细胞HeLa为受试细胞株,展开了其体外抗癌活性研究,为喜树碱‑氟硼二吡咯轭合物应用于联合治疗癌症奠定了基础。且此类化合物合成方法比较简单,原料易得,成本低,副反应少,产率较高,易提纯,有利于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗癌药物设计、合成领域,具体涉及一种红光可激活的光动力治疗-化疗联用前药及其制备和应用。
背景技术
光动力治疗是一种新型、微创的治疗肿瘤方法,当一定波长的光照射光敏剂时,分子被激发与分子氧作用产生高细胞毒性的活性氧,最终诱导细胞凋亡。光动力治疗因具有毒副作用低、无耐药性、选择性高等优点正成为极具潜力的新型肿瘤治疗方式。由于活性氧半衰期短,扩散半径极其有限,使光动力治疗只能用于局部治疗,当面对大的实体瘤和转移瘤时效果不佳,从而限制了光动力治疗在临床上的使用。
传统治疗肿瘤方法中,化疗由于其治疗效果强,药效高等特点成为目前使用最广的肿瘤临床治疗方式。然后,目前临床上所使用的化疗药大多选择性差,对肿瘤组织进行治疗的同时,也会对人体正常组织造成较大损伤,会导致严重的毒副作用。
集多种治疗模式为一体的抗肿瘤药物是当今肿瘤治疗领域的新型研究热点。通过不同的作用机理可以发挥各种治疗机制的协调效果,达到高效低毒的抗癌效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种红光可激活的光动力治疗-化疗联用前药及其制备和应用,将化疗药喜树碱通过单线态氧敏感的缩硫酮键引入至氟硼二吡咯光敏剂上,得到了一种光动力治疗-化疗联用前药;由于对喜树碱活性位点20位羟基进行修饰,使得化疗药喜树碱的活性被抑制,从而避免了化疗药的毒副作用;该前药在黑暗条件下完全无毒,当处于光照条件下时,光敏剂被激发产生活性氧,发挥光动力治疗作用;与此同时,原位产生的活性氧还可以切断缩硫酮连接臂,进一步释放出化疗药喜树碱,从而最终达到光动力治疗-化疗联合治疗的目的,实现高效低毒的抑瘤目标(图1)。本发明合成的化合物结构单一,不存在异构体,易提纯;合成方法比较简单,副反应少,产率较高,原料易得,成本低,有利于工业化生产。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
具体为:将化合物(2a)、按摩尔比1:1-2混合后,按10 g/L的量加入到7 mL二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的混合液中,所述混合液中二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的体积比为12:1:1;然后再将0.1-2当量(以化合物2a的摩尔量计)的CuSO4·5H2O、0.3-6当量(以化合物2a的摩尔量计)的抗坏血酸钠加入至混合液中,室温下剧烈搅拌12-24小时;反应液用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层;有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干;然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比为30:1)为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a)。
所述化合物2a的制备方法包括以下步骤:
具体为:
(1)将化合物、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶以摩尔比1-3:1:1-3混合后,按125g/L的量溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL)中,反应液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时;向反应瓶继续加入1-1.5当量(以叠氮乙醇的摩尔量计)的,反应在室温下搅拌过夜;反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(体积比为2:1)为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到无色油状化合物(1a);
(2)将、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶按摩尔比1-6:1:1-10混合后,按2.9 g/L的量溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL),溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时;继续往反应瓶中加入1-1.5当量(以喜树碱的摩尔量计)的(1a),反应在室温下搅拌过夜;反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比为30:1)为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体化合物(2a)。
所述的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物,用于恶性肿瘤的光动力-化疗联合治疗。
光动力治疗(Photodynamic Therapy,PDT)是一种新型的治疗肿瘤的方法。光敏剂、光和氧是光动力治疗的三要素,其中光敏剂为光动力治疗的核心。理想的光敏剂应满足以下几点:组分单一,结构明确,化学性质稳定;光敏化能力强,活性氧量子产率高;在光治疗窗口(600-850 nm)具有较强吸收。氟硼二吡咯(Boron dipyrromethene,BODIPY)类染料具有许多优异的特性(如较高摩尔消光系数与荧光量子产率,较强的光稳定性和化学稳定性,易进行化学修饰)而成为理想的光敏剂之一。本发明合成了一个在红光区具有较强吸收的氟硼二吡咯衍生物,BODIPY母体通过用重原子碘修饰从而增加了其活性氧量子产率和光毒性,通过三乙二醇链修饰改善了光敏剂的两亲性。
喜树碱抗肿瘤研究发现,喜树碱可抑制细胞DNA的复制和RNA的合成,继而导致肿瘤细胞死亡。其具体是由于喜树碱对细胞核酶-拓扑异构酶Ⅰ(topoisomerase, Topo Ⅰ)具有特异性识别并抑制其活性,从而干扰癌细胞中DNA分子的正常复制,最终导致细胞死亡。
基于此,本发明通过活性氧敏感的缩硫酮连接臂将喜树碱和氟硼二吡咯共价键连起来合成了一种可控的光动力治疗与化疗联用前药。光作为联合治疗的可控开关,当用红光照射恶性肿瘤组织中的药物时,氟硼二吡咯的光敏化作用产生活性氧,切断缩硫酮片段,继而释放喜树碱,实现光动力治疗-化疗联合抑瘤作用。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)通过对喜树碱活性位点(20位羟基)进行修饰,抑制了喜树碱的毒性,从而避免了化疗药的毒副作用,同时还提升了喜树碱的溶解性和稳定性;
(2)喜树碱的引入没有影响氟硼二吡咯光敏化产生活性氧的能力和光毒性;
(3)药物在黑暗条件下无毒性,而当处于红光照射下时,可高效产生活性氧,同时原位产生的活性氧能够切断缩硫酮连接臂,使喜树碱以原药的形式被释放,最终发挥光动力治疗-化疗联合治疗的作用;
(4)目标化合物结构单一,不存在异构体,产物容易纯化;
(5)合成方法简单,副反应少,原料易得,成本低,有利于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物的作用机制;
图2为化合物在水溶液中喜树碱的荧光强度随光照时间的变化图:(a)实验组;(b)实验组+VC;(c)对照组;(d)不同化合物溶液中430 nm处荧光强度随时间的变化情况;
图3为HepG2细胞中,化合物在有无光照的条件下,细胞内光致发光成像图;(BDP:激发波长为635 nm;CPT:激发波长为405 nm);
图4为EC109细胞中,化合物在有无光照的条件下,细胞内光致发光成像图。(BDP:激发波长为635 nm;CPT:激发波长为405 nm);
图5为HeLa细胞中,化合物在有无光照的条件下,细胞内光致发光成像图。(BDP:激发波长为635 nm;CPT:激发波长为405 nm);
图6为不同化合物在有无光照条件下,对HepG2、EC109以及HeLa三种细胞的MTT曲线;
图7为化合物1a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图8为化合物1a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图9为化合物1a的HRMS谱图;
图10为化合物2a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图11为化合物2a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图12为化合物2a的HRMS谱图;
图13为化合物3a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图14为化合物3a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图15为化合物3a的HRMS谱图;
图16为化合物1b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图17为化合物1b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图18为化合物1b的HRMS谱图;
图19为化合物2b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图20为化合物2b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图21为化合物2b的HRMS谱图;
图22为化合物3b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图;
图23为化合物3b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图;
图24为化合物3b的HRMS谱图。
具体实施方式
具有光动力治疗-化疗协同作用的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物的具体制备过程包括:
(1)将化合物、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶以摩尔比1-3:1:1-3混合后,按125g/L的量溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL),溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时。继续往反应瓶加入1-1.5当量(以叠氮乙醇的摩尔量计)的,反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(体积比为2:1)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到无色油状化合物1a,其化学结构式为:,产率为30-48%。
(2)将、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶按摩尔比1-6:1:1-10混合后,按2.9 g/L的浓度溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL),溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时。继续往反应瓶加入1-1.5当量(以喜树碱的摩尔量计)的化合物(1a),反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比为30:1)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体化合物2a,其化学结构式为:,产率为41-51%。
(3)将化合物(2a)、按摩尔比1:1-2混合后,按10 g/L的量加入7 mL二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的混合液中,所述混合液中二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的体积比为12:1:1;然后再将0.1-2当量(以化合物2a的摩尔量计)的CuSO4·5H2O、0.3-6当量(以化合物2a的摩尔量计)的抗坏血酸钠加入至混合液中,室温下剧烈搅拌12-24小时;反应液用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层;有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干;然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比为30:1)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物3a,其化学结构式为:,产率为58-71%。
以下实施例进一步阐述本发明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
(1)将化合物(1.74 g,20 mmol)、三光气(2.08 g,7 mmol)、对二甲氨基吡啶(2.44 g,20 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL)中,溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5小时。继续往反应液中加入(3.93 g,20 mmol),反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(2/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到无色液体化合物1a(2.55g,41%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 4.34-4.29 (m, 4 H, OCH2), 3.79 (t, J = 5.6Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 3.54 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H, CH2N3), 2.94 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H,SCH2), 2.86 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2 H, SCH2), 1.63 (s, 6 H, CH3); 13C NMR (100.6 MHz,CDCl3): δ 154.63, 67.03, 66.18, 61.47, 56.28, 49.63, 33.50, 31.06, 28.87;HRMS-ESI: C10H19N3O4S2Na理论计算值(m/z [M+Na]+)为332.0709,实际测试值为332.0701。化合物1a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图如图7所示,化合物1a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图如图8所示,化合物1a的HRMS谱图如图9所示。
(2)将(0.12 g,0.30 mmol)、三光气(24 mg,90 μmol)、对二甲氨基吡啶(0.12 mg,0.91 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL)中,溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5小时。继续往反应瓶加化合物1a(90 mg,0.30 mmol),反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(30/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体化合物2a(91 mg,46%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.41 (s, 1 H,pyridine-H), 8.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.95 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H, ArH),7.85 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.68 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.36 (s, 1 H,pyridone-H), 5.70 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1 H, OCH2), 5.40 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1 H,OCH2), 5.31 (s, 2 H, NCH2), 4.33-4.21 (m, 6 H, OCH2), 3.51 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H, CH2N3), 2.89 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H, SCH2), 2.87 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H, SCH2),2.34-2.12 (m, 2 H, CH2), 1.56 (s, 3 H, CH3), 1.54 (s, 3 H, CH3), 1.00 (t, J =7.6 Hz, 3 H, CH3); 13C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3): δ 167.26, 157.19, 154.50,153.41, 152.26, 148.76, 146.44, 145.57, 131.15, 130.65, 129.54, 128.47,128.19, 128.12, 128.02, 120.20, 95.91, 77.91, 67.47, 67.02, 66.89, 66.08,56.53, 49.95, 49.57, 31.85, 30.84, 28.83, 28.71, 7.61; HRMS-ESI: C31H34N5O9S2理论计算值(m/z [M+H]+)为684.1792,实际测试值为684.1791。化合物2a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图如图10所示,化合物2a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图如图11所示,化合物2a的HRMS谱图如图12所示。
(3)将化合物(50 mg,40 μmol)、化合物2a(20 mg,29 μmol)加入二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的混合液(7 mL,12/1/1,v/v/v)中,然后再将CuSO4·5H2O(10 mg,40 μmol)、抗坏血酸钠(30 mg,0.15 mmol)加入至混合液中,室温下剧烈搅拌24小时;反应液用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层;有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干;然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(30/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物3a(35 mg,67%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.38 (s, 1 H, pyridine-H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 1 H, ArH), 8.12 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 2 H, CH=CH), 7.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H,ArH), 7.83 (s, 1 H, triazole-H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.65 (d, J =7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.62-7.53 (m, 6 H, CH=CH and ArH), 7.33 (s, 1 H, pyridone-H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H, ArH), 6.97 (d,J = 8.0 Hz, 4 H, ArH), 5.69 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1 H, OCH2), 5.38 (d, J = 17.2Hz, 1 H, OCH2), 5.27 (s, 4 H, NCH2 and OCH2), 4.70 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H, OCH2),4.55 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H, NCH2), 4.34-4.23 (m, 4 H, OCH2), 4.20 (t, J = 4.4Hz, 4 H, OCH2), 3.89 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 4 H, OCH2), 3.78-3.75 (m, 4 H, OCH2),3.72-3.66 (m, 8 H, OCH2), 3.58-3.55 (m, 4 H, OCH2), 3.39 (s, 6 H, OCH3), 2.90-2.86 (m, 4 H, SCH2), 2.30-2.14 (m, 2 H, CH2), 1.56 (s, 3 H, CH3), 1.54 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.46 (s, 6 H, CH3), 0.99 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H, CH3); 13C NMR (100.6MHz, CDCl3): δ 167.46, 160.04, 159.33, 157.36, 154.38, 153.56, 152.35,150.46, 148.89, 146.59, 145.76, 145.67, 143.80, 139.17, 138.41, 133.25,131.44, 130.84, 129.84, 129.80, 129.60, 129.34, 128.58, 128.39, 128.29,128.18, 127.95, 124.10, 120.36, 116.83, 115.77, 115.08, 96.05, 82.78, 78.07,72.02, 70.97, 70.75, 70.66, 69.77, 67.64, 67.60, 67.20, 65.89, 62.06, 59.15,56.76, 50.13, 49.22, 32.02, 30.98, 30.95, 29.03, 28.81, 17.78, 7.75; HRMS-ESI: C81H88BF2I2N7NaO18S2理论计算值(m/z [M+Na]+)为1836.3670,实际测试值为1836.3722。化合物3a在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图如图13所示,化合物3a在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图如图14所示,化合物3a的HRMS谱图如图15所示。
对比例1
(1)将化合物(1.74 g,20 mmol)、三光气(2.08 g,7 mmol)、对二甲氨基吡啶(2.44 g,20 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL),溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5小时。继续往反应瓶加入1,6-己二醇(2.36 g,20 mmol),反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(2/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到无色液体化合物1b(2.13 g,46%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 4.29 (t, J =4.8 Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 4.17 (t, J = 6.4Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 3.65 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 3.54 (t, J = 4.8 Hz 2 H,CH2N3), 1.74-1.67 (m, 2 H, CH2), 1.62-1.55 (m, 2 H, CH2), 1.43-1.40 (m, 4 H,CH2); 13C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3): δ 154.81, 68.29, 65.80, 62.24, 49.53, 32.28,28.39, 25.29, 25.19; HRMS-ESI: C9H17N3NaO4理论计算值(m/z [M+Na]+)为254.1111,实际测试值为254.1111。图16为化合物1b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图,图17为化合物1b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图,图18为化合物1b的HRMS谱图。
(2)将(0.12 g,0.30 mmol)、三光气(24 mg,90 μmol)、对二甲氨基吡啶(0.12 mg,0.91 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50 mL),溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5小时。继续往反应瓶加化合物1b(60 mg,0.29 mmol),反应在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(30/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体化合物2b(87 mg,50%)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.40 (s, 1H, pyridine-H), 8.23 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.95 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H,ArH), 7.85 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.68 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.34(s, 1 H, pyridine-H), 5.70 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1 H, OCH2), 5.40 (d, J = 17.2 Hz,1 H, OCH2), 5.30 (s, 2 H, CH2N3), 4.26 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 4.15-4.07(m, 4 H, OCH2), 3.51 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 2 H, CH2N3), 2.32-2.12 (m, 2 H, CH2),1.69-1.62 (m, 4 H, CH2), 1.43-1.37 (m, 4 H, CH2), 1.00 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H,CH3). 13C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3): δ 167.48, 157.31, 154.86, 153.82, 152.35,148.87, 146.44, 145.82, 131.25, 130.74, 129.61, 128.52, 128.25, 128.21,128.09, 120.29, 96.00, 77.70, 68.93, 68.26, 67.07, 65.88, 50.01, 49.70,31.93, 28.41, 28.39, 25.26, 25.21, 7.66; HRMS-ESI: C30H32N5O9理论计算值(m/z [M+H]+)为606.2195,实际测试值为606.2180。图19为化合物2b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图,图20为化合物2b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图,图21为化合物2b的HRMS谱图。
(3)将化合物(50 mg,40 μmol)、化合物2b(17 mg,29 μmol)加入二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的混合液(7 mL,12/1/1,v/v/v)中,然后再将CuSO4·5H2O(10 mg,40 μmol)、抗坏血酸钠(30 mg,0.15 mmol)加入至混合液中,室温下剧烈搅拌24小时;反应液用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层;有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干;然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇(30/1,v/v)为洗脱剂,硅胶柱层析分离得到对照物3b(32 mg,64%)。1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.38 (s, 1 H, pyridine-H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H,ArH), 8.12 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 2 H, CH=CH), 7.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.82(t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H, ArH), 7.81 (s, 1 H, triazole-H), 7.65 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.60-7.55 (m, 6 H, CH=CH and ArH), 7.33 (s, 1 H, pyridone-H), 7.17(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H, ArH), 6.96 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 4 H, ArH), 5.69 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1 H, OCH2), 5.39 (d, J = 17.2 Hz, 1 H,OCH2), 5.27 (s, 4 H, NCH2 and OCH2), 4.69 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H, OCH2), 4.54 (t,J = 4.8 Hz, 2 H, NCH2), 4.19 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4 H, OCH2), 4.15-4.05 (m, 4 H,OCH2), 3.89 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 4 H, OCH2), 3.79-3.74 (m, 4 H, OCH2), 3.72-3.65(m, 8 H, OCH2), 3.58-3.54 (m, 4 H, OCH2), 3.39 (s, 6 H, OCH3), 2.32-2.12 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.68-1.63 (m, 4 H, CH2), 1.46 (s, 6 H, CH3), 1.41-1.38 (m, 4 H, CH2),0.99 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H, CH3). 13C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3): δ 167.62, 160.07,159.34, 157.40, 154.66, 153.91, 152.40, 150.48, 148.92, 146.53, 145.84,145.76, 143.83, 139.20, 138.38, 133.25, 131.46, 130.83, 129.86, 129.81,129.61, 129.35, 128.59, 128.41, 128.30, 128.17, 127.98, 123.99, 120.41,116.83, 115.75, 115.09, 96.09, 82.79, 77.82, 77.37, 77.16, 76.95, 72.04,70.98, 70.77, 70.68, 69.79, 68.96, 68.66, 67.66, 67.21, 65.63, 62.09, 59.17,50.12, 49.33, 32.06, 28.45, 25.34, 25.27, 17.78, 7.77; HRMS-ESI:C80H86BF2I2N7NaO18理论计算值(m/z [M+Na]+)为1758.4072,实际测试值为1758.4114。图22为化合物3b在CDCl3中的1H NMR谱图,图23为化合物3b在CDCl3中的13C NMR谱图,图24为化合物3b的HRMS谱图。
应用实例1
光照条件下,对喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a)在水溶液中的释药情况进行考察,此部分实验可为药物后续的生物活性研究提供现实依据。在上述两种化合物中,喜树碱与氟硼二吡咯之间存在荧光共振能量转移(FRET)现象,用光激发喜树碱时,因FRET现象而导致喜树碱荧光被淬灭;当缩硫酮连接臂被切断后FRET效应消失,喜树碱荧光恢复,因此可以通过监测喜树碱荧光变化来反映药物的释放情况,喜树碱荧光越强,则释放的药物越多。
溶液中药物释放实验:准确量取3 mL PBS(pH=7.4,10 mM)于石英比色皿中,加入待测化合物母液(1 mM,6 μL)并充分混匀,母液以二甲亚砜作为溶剂配制。于暗室中,液面上方1 cm处使用激光器光照(670 nm,5 mW),每光照5 min以370 nm为激发波长,收集溶液在380-600 nm的荧光发射光谱。与此同时,为了探究活性氧在药物释放过程中的作用,维生素C(终浓度100 μM)被添加到上述溶液中以消耗光敏剂产生的活性氧。
我们通过监测溶液中喜树碱荧光强度的变化,测定了实施例制备的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物及其对照组(不含活性氧敏感的缩硫酮结构),在光照条件下的药物释放情况。由实验数据可知:随着光照时间延长,喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物溶液经670 nm激光照射90 min后,溶液中喜树碱荧光强度呈现近10倍的增强;在喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物溶液中加入VC后,喜树碱的荧光恢复速度减缓;而对照组溶液经光照处理后,溶液中喜树碱的荧光强度无明显变化(图2)。说明实施例制备的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物在光照条件下可高效释放喜树碱化疗药,具有红光激活光动力治疗-化疗联合治疗的潜力。
应用实例2
对喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a)光照条件下,在不同细胞株中药物释放情况进行研究,此部分实验可以对前药的激活进行验证,为后续的MTT实验提供研究基础。喜树碱片段与氟硼二吡咯光敏剂之间存在荧光共振能量转移,当一定波长的光激发喜树碱时,喜树碱的荧光被淬灭。基于此,可借助于激光共聚焦显微镜观察光照前后细胞中喜树碱的荧光强度变化,从而反映药物在细胞中的释放情况。
细胞内药物释放:取生长状态良好的人肝癌细胞HepG2、人食管癌细胞EC109和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后用DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清)配制1×105cells/mL细胞悬液,吹打均匀后平铺于激光共聚焦皿中,置于细胞培养箱中培养过夜使细胞贴壁;除去激光共聚焦皿中的培养基,并将皿用PBS(pH=7.4,10 mM)清洗两次。准确量取待测药物母液(1 mM,含5% Tween 80)10 μL稀释至1 mL DMEM中得最终药物浓度为10 μM,将药物加入皿中并置于细胞培养箱继续培养8 h。除去皿中培养基并用PBS(pH=7.4,10 mM)清洗两遍后,换上1 mL DMEM细胞培养基(无酚红),放入LED灯(670 nm,20 mW)下光照2min;使用激光共聚焦仪分别以405 nm与635 nm激发,检测波段在425-475 nm与650-800 nm处的荧光成像。
我们采用激光共聚焦测定了实施例制备的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物及其对照组,在光照和无光照条件下,于人肝癌细胞HepG2、人食管癌细胞EC109和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa中的释药情况。由实验数据可知:同浓度条件下以HepG2细胞为例,对照组光照前后的喜树碱蓝色荧光强度无明显变化;而实验组(喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物)中,细胞内光照前后喜树碱蓝色荧光强度由260升高至1500左右。这是因为光照条件下,实验组化合物中光敏化产生单线态氧切断缩硫酮键,喜树碱与氟硼二吡咯荧光共振能量转移作用消失,荧光得到恢复。在EC109和HeLa细胞也观察到了类似现象,说明光照条件下,喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物可在细胞中高效释放化疗药喜树碱CPT(图3-5)。
应用实例3
对喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a)的离体光动力抗癌活性进行研究,该实验能为药物在体内抗肿瘤活性研究提供一定的研究基础。光敏剂的细胞毒性实验通常包括光毒性和暗毒性两部分,采用MTT法测定。MTT是种黄绿色染料,其化学名称为 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐。检测原理为活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶将外源性MTT还原为不溶于水的蓝紫色结晶甲瓒(Formazan)并沉积在细胞中,而死细胞无此功能。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能溶解细胞中的甲瓒,用酶标仪测试其490nm处吸光度值(OD值),根据测得的OD值,来判断活细胞数量,OD值越大,细胞活性越强(如果是测药物毒性,则表示药物毒性越小)。
MTT实验:取生长状态良好的人肝癌细胞HepG2、人食管癌细胞EC109和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后用DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清)配制6×104 cells/mL细胞悬液,将每孔100 μL接种于96孔培养板内,置37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱内培养过夜使细胞贴壁后加药;实验设置的对照组为碳-碳键连接的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物 (3b)。将实验组和对照组分别预先配制为DMSO(含5%吐温80)储备液,将储备液用细胞培养基稀释为不同浓度,各浓度中 DMSO的含量均为1%。每个浓度设定6个平行孔,每孔加入100 µL不同浓度(0.001-10 μM)的药物并晃匀后置于培养箱内培养24小时。光毒实验:去除含药液的培养基,每孔换上100 µL新鲜培养基,然后用LED灯板对细胞进行光照,激发波长为670 nm,能量密度为 2.4 J·cm-2。光照完毕,将96孔板重置于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱内继续培养。暗毒实验:在换完新鲜培养基后直接放入培养箱中继续培养; 孵育24小时后,每孔加入MTT的PBS溶液(5 mg·mL-1,10 μL),孵育4小时后小心吸去细胞培养基,每孔加入100 μL DMSO并置于摇床上使细胞裂解并溶解甲瓒颗粒,用酶标仪测定490 nm波长下OD值。
我们采用MTT法测定了实施例制备的喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a)及其对照组(3b),在光照和无光照条件下,对人肝癌细胞HepG2、人食管癌细胞EC109和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的杀伤效果,光照波长为670 nm,光照能量密度为2.4 J·cm-2。由实验数据可知:在无光照条件下,药物浓度即使高达10 μM时,喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物对三种细胞均无明显杀伤效果,说明化疗药喜树碱的活性被淬灭,喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物在黑暗条件下对细胞无毒性;在光照条件下,对照组对HepG2、EC109和HeLa细胞具有一定的光动力活性,其IC50值分别为0.18 μM、0.18 μM和0.27 μM。而喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物对HepG2、EC109和HeLa细胞的杀伤效果远高于对照组,IC50值分别低至0.034 μM、0.036 μM和0.042 μM。该实验结果表明:喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物对HepG2、EC109和HeLa细胞都表现出高效的光动力-化疗联合抗癌活性。
表1 喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物和对照组对HepG2、EC109以及HeLa细胞的IC50值
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:将化合物(2a)、 按摩尔比1:1-2混合后,按10 g/L的量加入二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的混合液中,所述混合液中二氯甲烷、乙醇和水的体积比为12:1:1;然后再将0.1-2当量的CuSO4·5H2O、0.3-6当量的抗坏血酸钠加入至混合液中,室温下剧烈搅拌12-24小时;反应液用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层;有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋干;然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到喜树碱-氟硼二吡咯轭合物(3a);
所述0.1-2当量的CuSO4·5H2O和0.3-6当量的抗坏血酸钠以化合物(2a)的摩尔量计;
所述化合物(2a)的制备方法包括以下步骤:
所述化合物(2a)的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将化合物、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶以摩尔比1-3:1:1-3混合后,按125g/L的量溶于二氯甲烷中,反应液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时;向反应瓶继续加入1-1.5当量的,反应在室温下搅拌过夜;反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以石油醚-乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到无色油状化合物(1a);
(2)将、三光气、对二甲氨基吡啶按摩尔比1-6:1:1-10混合后,按2.9 g/L浓度溶于二氯甲烷,溶液在冰水浴下搅拌0.5-1小时;继续往反应瓶中加入1-1.5当量的(1a),反应在室温下搅拌过夜;反应完毕,用二氯甲烷与水萃取并收集有机层,有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥后旋干,然后以二氯甲烷-甲醇为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析分离得到淡黄色固体化合物(2a);
3.一种如权利要求1所述前药在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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