CN112914514A - 用于外周神经刺激以利用可拆卸治疗和监测单元治疗震颤的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于外周神经刺激以利用可拆卸治疗和监测单元治疗震颤的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请的名称为用于外周神经刺激以利用可拆卸治疗和监测单元治疗震颤的系统和方法。用于向患者提供治疗的系统和方法可以包括监测单元和治疗单元。监测单元可以具有用户界面和一个或多个传感器以测量患者数据。治疗单元可以具有产生电刺激的刺激器和基于所测量的患者数据控制电刺激的产生的微控制器。
Description
本申请是分案申请,原申请的申请日为2016年6月10日、申请号为2016800461236、发明名称为“用于外周神经刺激以利用可拆卸治疗和监测单元治疗震颤的系统和方法”。
相关申请交叉引用
本申请要求2016年6月10日提交的美国临时申请号62/173,894的优先权,在此引入其全部作为参考。
通过引用并入
2015年7月21日提交的美国专利公开号2015/0321000,和2015年6月2日提交的国际公开号WO2015/187712,并且出于所有目的在此引入其全部作为参考。
本说明书中提及的所有出版物和专利申请均以引用的方式并入本文,其程度如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被特别地和单独地指出通过引用并入。
技术领域
本发明的实施方式大体上涉及用于治疗疾病或障碍的系统和方法,和更具体地涉及使用监测单元和治疗单元治疗疾病或障碍诸如震颤的系统和方法。
发明背景
特发性震颤(essential tremor,ET)是最常见的运动障碍,在美国估计影响一千万患者,随着人口老龄化数量在增加。流行程度随着年龄而增加,从65岁以上的人口的6.3%增加到95岁以上的20%以上。ET的特征是振荡运动,例如4-12Hz,影响远端肢体,特别是手。与静止时存在的帕金森氏震颤不同,特发性震颤是姿势和动力学的,意味着通过保持肢体抵抗重力或在运动过程中分别引起震颤。
患有ET的残疾是常见的,并且从窘迫变为不能独立生活,因为如书写和自我喂养的关键任务由于不受控制的移动而不可能实现。尽管ET具有高度残疾和流行性,但治疗方法却不足以解决震颤。已经发现用于治疗震颤的药物(例如普萘洛尔和普利米酮)在40%的患者中是无效的,并且仅减少震颤50%。这些药物还具有可能是严重的副作用。代替的治疗是手术植入深部脑刺激器,其可以有效减少震颤幅度90%,但是是一种高度侵入性的外科手术,带有很高的风险,不能被许多ET患者所耐受。因此,对于ET患者的替代治疗是非常需要的。
对于患有直立性震颤、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病的患者,震颤也是一个重大的问题。这些病况下的震颤的潜在病因与ET不同,然而这些病况的治疗选择也是有限的,并且需要替代治疗。
许多病况,如震颤,可以通过某种形式的经皮外周神经刺激来治疗。人们在手腕直径、神经位置、神经去极化特征和皮肤传导方面具有很大的变化,这导致在设计装置以舒适、安全和可靠地刺激广泛潜在用户的外周神经的挑战。例如,在针对手腕处的正中神经、尺骨神经和桡神经的手腕佩戴装置中,基于皮肤阻抗和使用场景,给定刺激阶段(session)所需的功率量可以变化很大。
发明概述
本发明大体上涉及用于治疗疾病或障碍的系统和方法,和更具体地涉及使用监测单元和治疗单元治疗疾病或障碍诸如震颤的系统和方法。
本公开的装置和方法均具有若干创新方面,其中没有单独一个独自负责本文公开的期望属性。本申请公开了用于减轻对象中的震颤的装置和方法。在一些实施方式中,提供了装置。该设备可以包括外壳和一个或多个效应器、电源或控制器。在一些实施方式中,该设备还包括一个或多个传感器。本发明的进一步的方面和实施方式在此进行阐述。
经参考附图,本发明的这些和其它方面和实施方式更详细地在下面进行描述。
在一些实施方式中,提供了用于治疗患者的震颤的系统。系统可以包括带和可拆卸治疗单元。带可以具有至少两个电极、容器、和与至少两个电极和容器两者电通信的第一电路。可拆卸治疗单元可以包括第二电路;与第二电路电通信的一个或多个传感器,该一个或多个传感器配置以测量来自患者的数据;刺激器,配置以产生电刺激,该刺激器与第二电路电通信;配置以接收来自刺激器的电刺激的至少两个电极;控制器,配置以控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生;和与第二电路电通信的电源;其中可拆卸治疗单元配置以可逆地附接至带的容器从而至少两个电极与刺激器电通信。
在一些实施方式中,带进一步包括一个或多个鉴别器。
在一些实施方式中,一个或多个鉴别器与刺激参数和/或使用寿命信息有关。
在一些实施方式中,系统进一步包括配置以使电源充电的基站。在一些实施方式中,基站进一步配置以接收和传输数据至可拆卸治疗单元和从可拆卸治疗单元接收和传输数据,以及接收和传输数据至云计算网络和从云计算网络接收和传输数据。
在一些实施方式中,系统进一步包括在线门户,如医师门户网站,配置以访问存储在云计算网络上的数据。
在一些实施方式中,系统进一步包括在线门户,如医师门户网站,配置以提供信息和参数变化返回至可拆卸治疗单元。
在一些实施方式中,系统进一步包括具有第二用户界面和显示器的便携式计算装置,其中便携式计算装置配置以与可拆卸治疗单元无线通信和接收来自云计算网络的数据。
在一些实施方式中,容器包括用于可逆地附接可拆卸治疗单元至容器的固定部件。
在一些实施方式中,固定部件选自夹子、磁铁、扣合机构、扭合机构、螺旋机构、闭锁机构、滑动机构、挠性缘、和钩件。
在一些实施方式中,可拆卸治疗单元进一步包括用户界面。
在一些实施方式中,控制器配置以基于通过一个或多个传感器所测量的数据控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生。
在一些实施方式中,提供了用于治疗患者的震颤的系统。系统可以包括可穿戴监测单元和第一治疗单元。可穿戴监测单元可以包括电路;与电路电通信的一个或多个传感器,该一个或多个传感器配置以测量来自患者的数据;至少两个电极。第一治疗单元可以包括电源;由电源供电的刺激器,该刺激器配置以产生电刺激,所述电刺激通过可穿戴监测单元的至少两个电极进行递送;和控制器,配置以基于通过一个或多个传感器所测量的数据控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生;其中第一治疗单元可逆地可附接至可穿戴监测单元。
在一些实施方式中,系统进一步包括第二治疗单元。第二治疗单元可以包括第二电源,其中第二治疗单元的第二电源具有比第一治疗单元的电源更多的电容量;由第二电源供电的第二刺激器,第二刺激器配置以产生电刺激,所述电刺激通过可穿戴监测单元的至少两个电极进行递送;和第二控制器,配置以基于通过一个或多个传感器所测量的数据控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生;其中第二治疗单元可逆地可附接至可穿戴监测单元。
在一些实施方式中,一个或多个传感器配置以测量运动数据。在一些实施方式中,控制器配置以从运动数据确定震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段(相,phase);和基于确定的震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生。
在一些实施方式中,至少两个电极布置在带上。在一些实施方式中,至少两个电极中的至少一个布置在带上,所述带附接至可穿戴监测单元的外壳和至少两个电极中的至少一个布置在可穿戴监测单元的外壳的面向皮肤侧上。
在一些实施方式中,提供了用于治疗患者的震颤的系统。系统可以包括可穿戴监测单元和治疗单元。可穿戴监测单元可以包括用户界面;与用户界面电通信的电路;和与电路电通信的一个或多个传感器,该一个或多个传感器配置以测量来自患者的数据。治疗单元可以包括配置以产生电刺激的刺激器;至少两个电极,配置以接收来自刺激器的电刺激;控制器,配置以基于通过一个或多个传感器所测量的数据控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生;和电源,布置在可穿戴监测单元或治疗单元内;其中治疗单元可逆地可附接至可穿戴监测单元。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元是智能手表。
在一些实施方式中,一个或多个传感器配置以测量运动数据。在一些实施方式中,控制器配置以从运动数据确定震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段;和基于确定的震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段控制电刺激的产生。
在一些实施方式中,控制器配置以提供电刺激的自动和/或手动控制。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元进一步包括控制器,配置以从运动数据确定震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段,并且治疗单元的控制器配置以基于确定的震颤频率、振幅、和/或阶段控制通过刺激器的电刺激的产生。
在一些实施方式中,至少两个电极布置在带上。在一些实施方式中,至少两个电极中的至少一个布置在带上,所述带附接至治疗单元的外壳,和至少两个电极中的至少一个布置在治疗单元的外壳的面向皮肤侧上。
在一些实施方式中,治疗单元与可穿戴监测单元无线通信。
在一些实施方式中,治疗单元和可穿戴监测单元两者均具有电源。
在一些实施方式中,至少两个电极用注入有导电凝胶的多孔可压缩材料进行覆盖,其中多孔可压缩材料配置以当向多孔可压缩材料施加压力时释放导电凝胶。
附图简要说明
本发明的新颖特征将在下面的权利要求中进行详细阐述。通过参考其中利用本发明原则的以下阐述例证性实施方式的详细描述以及附图,将会更好地理解本发明的特征和优点,其中附图为:
图1A和1B示例形成两部分治疗系统的监测单元和治疗单元的各种实施方式。
图2A-2D示例具有单个监测单元和多个治疗单元的两部分系统的实施方式。
图3示例两部分刺激的实施方式,其中监测单元和治疗单元均是带。
图4A和4B示例可以用于从相应电极阵列中选择电极的触摸传感器阵列的实施方式。
图5示例由监测片和治疗单元形成的两部分系统的实施方式。
图6-8示例并入导电凝胶的皮肤界面的各种实施方式。
图9A-9I示例可穿戴治疗系统的另一个实施方式。
图10示例使用云以在治疗系统和医师之间接收和传输数据的可穿戴治疗系统的实施方式。
图11是示例图10中所示的治疗单元、带、和基站的单个组件的框图。
发明详述
本发明的实施方式包括装置和系统和方法以测量和收集运动和生物数据(例如,心率、皮电反应、温度、和运动障碍的特征,如震颤频率、振幅、和阶段),分析数据以解释这些测量可如何影响运动障碍如震颤或步态的冻结,和提供靶向一个或多个单个神经的外周神经刺激以减轻震颤或初始步态,其中所施加的刺激可或不可基于测量的数据进行修改。
治疗系统的实施方式可以包括三个组件:(1)监测单元,其具有传感器、电路,和任选地可具有电源和/或微控制器,(2)治疗单元,其具有刺激器(例如,脉冲发生器)、电路、电源和微控制器,和(3)皮肤界面,其具有电极和用于将电极电连接至治疗单元的电连接件。在一些实施方式中,所有三个组件均为可以可逆地彼此附接以形成可穿戴治疗系统的分离组件。在一些实施方式中,组件的任意两个可以被结合或集成在一起以形成可以可逆地彼此附接的可穿戴两部分系统。应注意,一些功能可以交叉,例如,比如皮肤界面的电极被用作传感器以测量电活动(例如EMG和ECG)和阻抗。在一些实施方式中,可拆卸组件的任一个可以是可布置的和/或可以送回至制造商进行回收。
如图1A所示的一个实施方式是两部分系统10,其包括1)监测单元12,所述监测单元12在一些实施方式中可以是可穿戴的,和2)治疗单元14。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元14可以是可拆卸的并且可以被可逆地附接至可穿戴监测单元12。治疗单元14可包含电刺激信号发生器16、电源18、和微处理器和/或微控制器20以控制刺激。治疗单元14可以可逆地连接和直接和/或无线通信至可穿戴监测器12。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元14可保持与可穿戴监测单元12分离和可以与可穿戴监测单元12无线通信。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元14可以具有数据/电源接口15,如USB接口,其允许用户使电源18充电、更新微控制器20上的软件和/或参数、和/或从可穿戴监测单元12和/或治疗单元14上的存储器收回数据。在一些实施方式中,数据/电源接口可以位于可穿戴监测单元12或可穿戴监测单元12和治疗单元14两者上。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12和/或治疗单元14可以与外部计算装置无线通信以更新软件和/或参数和/或收回数据。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12可以具有带有用户界面22、装入一个或多个传感器24的外壳。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器12可以用于探测和/或测量震颤。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器12可以具有位于外壳基底的一个或多个电极26,所述外壳基底与患者的皮肤接触。此外或可选地,可穿戴监测器12可以具有带28或其它固定部件,其中在带28的面向皮肤侧上具有一个或多个电极。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12具有2个或3个电极、或至少2个或3个电极。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12缺乏电源和依靠治疗单元14中的电源18用于供电。在其它实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12和治疗单元14两者均具有电源。在一些实施方式中,仅可穿戴监测单元12具有电源并且治疗单元依靠来自监测单元的电力。
在一些实施方式中,如图1B所示的,治疗单元14'可直接接触穿戴者的皮肤并且具有利用电极26向目标神经诸如正中神经和桡神经或胫神经或骶神经提供电刺激的能力。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元14'具有2个或3个电极、或至少2个或3个电极。这些电极26可位于治疗单元14'的外壳上和/或治疗单元14'还可具有带有电极26的带28或固定部件。在一些实施方式中,当治疗单元14'具有电极26时,可穿戴监测单元12'不具有电极。在一些实施方式中,监测单元和治疗单元两者均可以具有电极。如上,治疗单元14'可以具有刺激器16、电源18、和微控制器20。可穿戴监测单元12'可以具有用户界面22和一个或多个传感器24和,任选地,电源30和微控制器21。在一些实施方式中,当监测单元具有电源30和/或微控制器21时,治疗单元不具有电源和/或微控制器。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12'是智能手表,如Apple Watch或基于安卓的智能手表,其中具有允许智能手表与治疗单元通信和作为监测单元执行的应用。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12'可以与治疗单元14'无线地通信,和这些装置的一个或两个还可以与外部计算装置无线地通信。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12'和治疗单元14'的一个或两个可以具有数据/电源接口15。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测单元12和治疗单元14'可以通过数据/电源接口15彼此连接。
在一些实施方式中,传感器可以位于治疗单元中或位于治疗单元上,而非监测单元。在一些实施方式中,传感器可以位于治疗单元和监测单元两者上。
在一些实施方式中,监测单元可以代替地被用户携带在例如,用户的手或口袋中,而不是被穿戴。例如,用户所携带的监测单元可以是智能电话,如安卓智能电话或iPhone。
在一些实施方式中,两部分系统或监测单元可指导用户执行动作,如绘画、书写、或持有物体、或保持不动或尝试保持不动,同时可穿戴监测单元用传感器中的一个进行测量。
在一些实施方式中,用户界面可以包括显示器。在一些实施方式中,显示器可以是触摸屏显示器。在一些实施方式中,用户界面可以包括一个或多个按钮和/或键盘。
在一些实施方式中,例如,电极可以是干接触(例如,注入有导电填料的织物、金属、硅酮或任意其它塑料、或组合),使用导电凝胶(例如,水凝胶)、或具有湿电极表面(例如,具有水或导电液体或凝胶的海绵体)、或具有细微针。在一些实施方式中,电极可以具有如下进一步描述的泡沫背衬。
在系统的一个实施方式中,通过植入的电极提供刺激,所述植入的电极刺激手腕中的神经,如正中神经或桡神经、或多个其它位置中的其它神经,如腿中的神经如胫神经、或背部中的神经如骶神经。可植入的电极可通过安置在植入体内的可再充电电池进行供电和从外部电源无线地再充电。
在刺激神经的植入电极的另一个实施方式中,植入电极通过外部治疗单元进行供电,和刺激脉冲使用电容或感应耦合直接地耦接至电极和神经。
在一些实施方式中,监测单元可以为具有带有用户界面的外壳的可穿戴震颤监测器。外壳使用多个传感器以收集、存储、和分析关于穿戴者的生物测量,其包括,但不限于,运动(例如,加速计、陀螺仪、磁力计、弯曲传感器)、肌肉活动(例如,EMG,利用电极)、心血管测量(例如,心率、心率变异性,利用电极以测量ECG;心脏节律异常)、皮肤电传导(例如,皮肤电传导响应、皮电反应,利用电极)、呼吸率、皮肤温度、和睡眠状态(例如,清醒、浅睡眠、深睡眠、REM)。特别地,研究已表明增加的压力水平可以增加患有特发性震颤、帕金森氏疾病、和其它引起震颤的疾病的人中的震颤。因此,利用标准统计分析技术,如逻辑回归或Naive Bayes分类器,可以分析这些生物测量以评估人的状态,如压力水平——其反过来,可以充当震颤水平增加的预测指标。在早期的初步研究中,患者被要求在压力事件之前和之后进行活动。在这种情况下,压力事件是进行定时数学测试。在初步研究中,在压力定时数学测试后患者的震颤振幅似乎增加了约20%。
在可穿戴监测器的一个实施方式中,皮肤界面具有微针阵列。已经显示微针使用可用于探测特定分子或pH水平的电化学传感器来测量血液化学。因此监测单元可以并入具有电化学传感器的微针以测量血流中的可影响震颤的特定化学物质,如压力荷尔蒙、咖啡因、或药物。
在监测器的一个实施方式中,用置于嘴中的纸条板采集唾液样本,并且通过可穿戴监测器或独立分析单元中的传感器分析唾液化学物质——针对可影响震颤的物质,包括压力荷尔蒙(例如,皮质醇)、咖啡因、或药物。单元可以具有光源和光探测器以分析条板的化学物质。单元还可以与外部处理装置诸如手机通信。条板可以被可视编码以记录和存储关于测量的信息(例如,时间、位置等)。
可穿戴震颤监测器可以具有微处理器以分析关于穿戴者的生物测量以:确定或预测增加的震颤活动的发病,设置治疗单元由所施加的刺激波形的参数,和/或实时适应由治疗单元所施加的刺激波形。可以基于生物测量的分析进行修改的刺激波形的参数是频率、振幅、形状、突发序列。在一些实施方式中,分析可以通过治疗单元或外部计算装置上的微处理器而执行。
系统的一个实施方式可以将来自多个穿戴者的生物测量和其它有关的关于每个用户的人口统计学数据,包括年龄、体重、身高、性别、种族等,一起集中地存储在服务器系统(例如,云)上。使用标准统计技术,如逻辑回归或Naive Bayes分类器(或其它分类器)分析收集自多个穿戴者的数据,以通过确定生物测量和其它记录的事件和增加震颤活动的发病之间的相关性而提高震颤发病的预测。这些相关性用于设置由治疗单元所施加的刺激波形的参数,确定施加刺激治疗的最佳时间,和/或实时适应由治疗单元所施加的刺激波形。
在系统的一个实施方式中,可穿戴震颤监测器自动探测和记录药物的剂量和消耗以(1)追踪患者的依从性;(2)与震颤活动的测量结合以评估疗效,和(3)确定或预测震颤活动的增加或减少的开始。可以以多个途径探测和记录药物的剂量和消耗,包括(1)在药物消耗的每个时间用可视扫描仪以记录药丸包装或瓶子上的标记,(2)具有力传感器和无线传输器的智能药丸帽以探测药物从药瓶消耗的每个时间,(3)与药丸具有相似尺寸和形状的RFID芯片,其与每个剂量的通过消化而激活的药物一起消耗并且与监测装置通信,(4)嵌入糖药丸中的RFID芯片,其与每个剂量的通过消化而激活的药物一起消耗并且与监测装置通信,和(5)具有可视编码的药丸,所述可视编码在药物消耗的每个时间通过监测单元上的照相机进行扫描和记录。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴震颤监测器可以具有视觉的、听觉的、触觉的(例如,挤压带)、或振动触觉的提示器以基于生物测量的分析通知穿戴者关键事件,包括,但不限于,震颤发病的预测、震颤活动的增加、和/或压力水平的增加。提示系统还可以通知穿戴者其它由穿戴者所设置的预定事件或提醒事项。提示系统用于(1)将信息以更谨慎、个性化的方式通信至穿戴者,如增加的震颤活动的开始或其它预定的事件,而不引起社会环境中其它人的注意。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器和/或治疗单元的形式可以是手腕带或手表、戒指、手套、套袖或臂带、耳机/听筒、头带、项链或颈带、或兼容片。
在一个实施方式中,可穿戴监测器可以具有处理单元和存储器,其收集、存储、处理、和分析生物测量,以及由穿戴者输入的其它数据。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器可以取得关于事件的用户输入,包括饮食史、药物史、咖啡因摄取、酒精摄取等。监测器可以使用加速计以测量具体运动、手势、或轻敲模式以记录在具体提示下的用户输入。其它触摸传感器,如电阻条或压敏屏,可以用于测量具体手势以记录用户输入。这些记录用户输入的基于手势的测量使需要输入用户数据至装置中的步骤的复杂性最小化。数据可以存储在存储器并且通过处理单元进行处理。在一些实施方式中,数据可以从可穿戴监测器传输至外部计算装置。
在一个实施方式中,可穿戴监测器和/或治疗单元可以与其它应用如日历和活动日志进行连接以同步和追踪事件或保存的日历可以保存和存储在装置上。在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器和/或治疗单元可以与例如,具有这些应用的各种计算装置,如智能电话、智能手表、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、或台式电脑进行通信。
在一个实施方式中,监测单元和/或治疗单元可以具有GPS或类似装置以追踪穿戴者的位置和评估穿戴者的活动。GPS测量可以与制图或定位系统结合以确定穿戴者活动的环境(例如,健身房、办公室、家)或确定具体活动如跑步或骑自行车期间海拔的变化。
在如图2A-2D所示的一些实施方式中,单个监测单元12可以与具有不同尺寸、形状、颜色、标记和/或性能——其包括不同的电池容量和功率输出——的多个治疗单元14一起使用。不同的穿戴者和使用场景可需要不同量的刺激持续时间和功率,使得更小或更大的治疗单元更令人满意并给予穿戴者选择以满足其在不同场景中的需要。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元12还可以具有不同的编程,包括不同的刺激参数和/或疗法,其可以针对不同类型的治疗而进行定制。例如,一个治疗单元可以针对治疗特发性震颤而进行定制,而另一个治疗单元可以用于治疗帕金森氏疾病并且另一个用于步态或膀胱过度活动的冻结。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元均可以针对提供不同的治疗强度而进行定制,如一个单元用于特发性震颤的轻度治疗和另一个用于特发性震颤的重度和侵略性治疗。治疗单元的不同的部件和性能可以对应于不同的尺寸、形状、颜色、和/或标记。携带箱32可以用于容纳一组治疗单元,如电池容量和功率输出或一些其它部件不同的治疗特发性震颤的一组治疗单元。
在一个实施方式中,治疗单元具有唯一的充电基站,其可以同时充电多个治疗单元。充电基站可以具有与治疗单元的传统直流电连接或可以临近地无线充电治疗单元。类似地,在一些实施方式中,充电基站可以以类似方式充电监测单元。
在一个实施方式中,可穿戴监测器可以追踪关于由治疗单元提供的关于刺激的参数,包括刺激时间、刺激阶段的持续时间、和由治疗单元所使用的功率。此数据可以存储在可穿戴监测器中的存储器中,由可穿戴监测器处理、和/或传输至外部计算装置。
在一个实施方式中,治疗单元可以使用开关或电传感器来探测电极的连接:(1)以保证适当的和唯一的电极正在安装(即,不使用不同的或不正确类型的电极)通信唯一编码,例如通过RFID、编码的EEPROM芯片、基于电阻或电容的ID、二进制鉴别器、或表面图案(2)以调节每个电极的使用次数以防止过度使用,和(3)以防止不具有电极的装置的使用以防止小震。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元和/或监测单元可以具有鉴别器,所述鉴别器可以彼此传输和接收或传输至外部计算装置。鉴别器可以允许一个单元以确定其它装置的部件、性能、和/或配置,包括以上所述的电极配置,以便可以使用适当的治疗参数,以及使用寿命或组件过期,其可以基于电压测量、时间、治疗阶段的数目、或其它参数。在一些实施方式中,替代使用鉴别器,一个装置的部件、性能、和/或配置可以直接地从一个装置至其它装置、或通过进入用户界面、或通过外部计算装置传输至其它装置。
治疗系统的其它组件——包括带、治疗单元、监测单元、皮肤界面,均可以具有执行以上所述功能的一个或多个鉴别器。这些鉴别器可以编码如本文所述的各种信息,以及预定的给药方案、启动程序、校准程序、或具体参数。鉴别器可与存储编码信息的查找表格相关联。
在一些实施方式中,可穿戴监测器和/或治疗单元可以与外部计算机或装置(例如,平板电脑、智能电话、智能手表、或传统基站)通信以存储数据。监测器和外部装置之间的通信可以是直接的、物理的连接、或具有无线通信连接如蓝牙或GSM或蜂窝。
在装置的一个实施方式中,治疗单元在治疗单元和穿戴者的手腕之间具有电极阵列和一个或多个传感器,如压力传感器,以测量在电极处和/或电极周围的皮肤界面的接触压力。可以分析此压力数据以确定阵列中的哪些电极刺激以靶向适当的神经或以探测由于运动或其它情况而导致的皮肤接触的变化和转变电极阵列的刺激至最佳位置。这些方法用于基于压力测量来(1)评估电极的不良接触,和(2)调节刺激的振幅。
增加装置和穿戴者的皮肤之间的接触压力和/或用具有足够的接触压力或大于接触压力阈值的电极刺激可以:(1)增加接触表面积,其减轻不舒适,(2)激活深度躯体疼痛(即,C型)末梢神经纤维,其可以减轻来自于刺激——其激活浅表疼痛(即,A型δ)纤维的不舒适,(3)减轻所需要的刺激振幅——因为其提高目标神经的刺激(例如,通过将其按压使电极物理上地更接近于神经),或(4)减轻皮肤运动的影响。
在一个实施方式中,治疗单元具有可膨胀手腕带的形式,其由柔韧的、不透气的材料制成。小泵由用户驱动或激活以用空气填充囊状物并增加压力以增加接触表面积,其减轻不舒适。在一些实施方式中,泵集成至手腕带中并可以由用户机械地驱动或通过电池进行电发动。在其它实施方式中,泵可以与手腕带分离。
在一个实施方式中,压力由带内的相容性材料进行提供,如软开孔泡沫或微型弹簧(例如,弹簧针(pogo pin))的阵列。
在如图3所示的装置的一个实施方式中,监测单元300和治疗单元302具有可以彼此连接的两个区别的手腕带的形状系数(规格,form factor)。监测单元300是主要的手腕带,其次,如果需要,治疗单元302附接至监测单元300中。可选地,治疗单元302可保持与监测单元300分开并且可以彼此无线通信。
在如图4所示的一个实施方式中,治疗单元400具有对应于电极阵列404的触摸传感器阵列402。当附接至穿戴者时,电极阵列404接触穿戴者的皮肤,并且触摸传感器阵列402在治疗单元400的对侧外部。穿戴者可以使用触摸传感器来通过触摸所述触摸传感器上的所期望的位置指示治疗单元400的刺激的优选位置。例如,触摸所述触摸传感器阵列402中的一个触摸传感器激活电极阵列404中的相应电极,允许用户容易地选择电极阵列404的哪些电极用于刺激。
在如图5所示的一些实施方式中,两部分系统可以包括监测单元,所述监测单元是可穿戴监测器片500,所述可穿戴监测器片500具有至少两个电极或至少两个分离片,所述至少两个分离片均具有通过粘合剂、材料的表面粘附力、或微针粘附至皮肤的电极。监测器片还可以在皮肤界面处包括电流开隔体(spreader)以更均匀地将电能递送至皮肤。通常,期望具有至少两个电极或片从而具有接地电极以足够地将能量经皮递送至神经。系统还可以具有安置电源、信号发生器、和微控制器的治疗单元502,用于通过其经由金属锁扣、磁铁或其它电连接器附接的监测器片500电刺激。
在以上的一个实施方式中,治疗单元无线地供电监测片。
在如图6所示的一些实施方式中,在监测单元和/或治疗单元的电极处和/或周围的皮肤界面由注入有导电凝胶602的多孔材料600(如泡沫聚合物)提供。在一些实施方式中,泡沫聚合物由导电聚合物制成。在其它实施方式中,泡沫聚合物由非导电聚合物制成。在一些实施方式中,泡沫材料是挠性和可压缩的并且可以符合患者的皮肤。导电凝胶布置在多孔材料的孔内,并且当压力通过例如外壳和电极施加至多孔层时,导电凝胶被推动并通过多孔材料的孔挤出,至穿戴者的皮肤上——随着泡沫材料被压缩。压力可以施加至多孔材料——通过由穿戴者向皮肤挤压和/或推动治疗单元的外壳、或通过螺旋机构、或使外部壳变紧以压缩凝胶层的一些其它机构、或通过使将治疗单元系(fasten)于患者的带变紧。
在如图7所示的一些实施方式中,治疗单元和/或监测单元的外壳和电极的皮肤界面可以包括由具有拉出片702的保护衬覆盖的薄凝胶片700,所述保护衬在装置和穿戴者的皮肤之间滑动和/或安置在装置和穿戴者的皮肤之间。保护衬可以使用拉出片702除去以暴露导电凝胶。凝胶片是导电的并且造成和/或提高皮肤和电极之间的电连接以将电能递送至穿戴者的皮肤。
在如图8所示的一些实施方式中,治疗单元和/或监测单元和/或具有电极的结构(如带)的外壳可以包括填充有导电凝胶802的储液器800和皮肤界面上的多个孔或通道,通过所述孔或通道储液器中的导电凝胶可以分配至穿戴者的皮肤上以提高皮肤界面的刺激。凝胶可以用螺旋机构804或活塞或按钮或可折叠储液器或通过小通道或孔将凝胶推出储液器至穿戴者的皮肤上的其它机构进行分配。
在一个实施方式中,系统有助于穿戴者放松——通过使用提示系统以提醒穿戴者放松或练习放松技巧。提示可以是听觉的、视觉的、或触觉的。同样,系统可以提供关于穿戴者的压力水平的反馈,所述反馈使放松技巧正在起作用得以强化。
图9A-9I示例两部分治疗系统的另一个实施方式,所述两部分治疗系统包括一次性带900和治疗单元902,所述治疗单元902可以可逆地附接至一次性带900。一次性带900可以具有两个或多个电极904(布置在带的面向皮肤的表面或内表面)和容器906或用于可逆地接收治疗单元902的接收部分。带900内是形成挠性电路905的电线和/或导电迹线,所述挠性电路905从电极904延续至容器906,用于当治疗单元902布置在容器906中时将电极904电连接至治疗单元902。在一些实施方式中,挠性电路905的电线和/或导电迹线以波浪或波动模式进行布置,从而提高其弯曲能力。在如图9F所示的一些实施方式中,容器906可以具有一个或多个电接触点,如一个或多个针孔907,用于接收一个或多个来自治疗单元902的互补的电接触,如针909。挠性电路905可以延伸至针孔907,从而当针插入至针孔中时形成电连接。在一些实施方式中,如图9G-9I所示,容器906可以具有夹子、挡缘、磁铁、扣合装置、扭合装置、钩件、闩、滑动机构、或其它用于可逆地将治疗单元902固定至带900的固定部件。图9G示例可或不可被弹簧加载以围绕治疗单元902形成扣合装置的夹子911。图9H示例容器的开口周围的挠性缘913,其可以用于在治疗单元902插入至容器906中后保持治疗单元902。图9I示例可以放置在治疗单元902和容器中的互补位置的磁铁915。在一些实施方式中,夹子、磁铁、扣合机构、扭合机构、钩件、或其它固定部件由金属或一些其它导电材料制得并且可以通过电线和/或导电迹线电连接至电极。电极904可以是干电极或可以涂布有导电凝胶。
在一些实施方式中,治疗单元902可以包括电池——其可为可再充电的,和电子器件以通过电极将电刺激递送至患者的神经。电子器件可以包括刺激器和微控制器,并且还可包括存储器和一个或多个传感器,如一个或多个如本文所述的加速计和陀螺仪。在一些实施方式中,装置能够感应电极的阻抗从而评估电极与皮肤界面的完整性。在一些实施方式中,可以存在电指示(例如芯片的读取,连接器上的传感器的推入等)以探测带和治疗单元之间的连接的完整性。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元902可以具有一个或多个LED、袖珍OLED屏幕、LCS、或指示器901,其可以指示治疗单元902的状态,如治疗单元902是否连接至带900、治疗单元902的电池中保持的功率、刺激是否被递送、刺激水平、数据是否被传输、传感器测量是否被采集、校准程序是否被执行、治疗单元902是否初始化、治疗单元902是否与另一个装置如智能手表和/或智能电话配对、电池是否被充电等等。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元902还可包括用户界面903,如一个或多个按钮。
图9B示例可以被发送至用户的用具箱。用具箱可以包含多个不同尺寸、形状、颜色等的带900以适应具有不同手腕尺寸或其它身体部分尺寸(如踝、臂、手指、和腿)的患者和适应不同类型的连接附件如辅助显示器(例如智能手表,iwatch)。在一些实施方式中,用具箱具有三个带。此外,用具箱可以包含一个或多个电子单元902。如果在用具箱中提供了多个电子单元902,不同电子单元902的电池容量可以不同以适应不同的使用类型。例如,相对低容量电池可以用于按需刺激,而相对高容量电池可以用于由微控制器驱动的自动和/或响应刺激。在一些实施方式中,仅提供单个电子单元。在其它实施方式中,提供多个电子单元的同时提供单个带。用具箱还可包括充电器908以使治疗单元902充电。在一些实施方式中,充电器908可以感应地充电治疗单元902。在其它实施方式中,充电器908可以用可以插入至治疗单元中的电源接口中的充电电缆充电治疗单元。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元902可以与用于充电的充电器908进行对接。
图9C示例这样的实施方式,其中智能手表910,如Apple Watch,被可逆地或永久地系至带900,所述带900还可具有治疗单元902。在一些实施方式中,智能手表910可提供治疗单元902的显示器和用户界面。智能手表910可与治疗单元902无线地(如通过蓝牙或WiFi)、或通过经智能手表中的数据接口和治疗单元902中的数据接口的直接连接通信。在一些实施方式中,如本文所述,电子单元902和/或智能手表910可与智能电话912通信,以传输数据或更新治疗单元902和/或智能手表910上的软件和/或刺激参数。在一些实施方式中,带900和治疗单元902被永久地固定或集成在一起,而智能手表910则可逆地可附接至带900。智能电话912和/或智能手表910可以包括应用,所述应用可通过云或计算机进行下载,配置以与治疗单元902接合。
图9D和9E示例可穿戴两部分系统可以整天穿戴和使用。当治疗单元的电池中保持的功率低时,治疗单元902可以用充电器908进行再充电。在夜晚或每当电池低时或当期望时可以进行充电。在一些实施方式中,治疗单元可以在充电前从带移除。在一些实施方式中,用户可以用高充电治疗单元替换低充电治疗单元,以便用户总可以穿戴治疗单元。
在一些实施方式中,图9B中所示例的用具箱可以用作诊断试验用具箱。患者最初可以穿戴治疗系统约1至14天、或约1周、或预定的时间长度,其中在此时间期间关闭治疗以便电刺激不被提供至患者。此初始期用于用治疗单元和/或带中的传感器收集数据,从而表征震颤或其它疾病。传感器数据可以存储在治疗单元中的存储器中,和/或可以通过网络传输至云或服务器或至另一个计算装置——其可以被患者的医师访问。
在数据收集阶段之后,患者可以打开治疗单元上的治疗功能并且在给予一个或多个疗法治疗后和/或同时执行患者定向任务(patient-directed task),其可存储在治疗单元上,从而确定患者对各种治疗的响应如何。患者响应数据还可以存储在存储器上和/或通过网络传输或至另一个计算装置——其可以被患者的医师访问。
在一些实施方式中,患者可以向医师或用具箱制造商返还用具箱,并且数据可以从系统收回并传输至患者的医师。
使用来自系统的数据,医师可以表征患者的震颤或其它疾病,产生诊断,并确定针对患者的适当治疗,其可包括适当治疗系统和刺激参数的选择。
图10示例用于使用可穿戴治疗装置治疗震颤或另一种疾病或病况的系统的实施方式。如以上所述,治疗装置可具有两部分——带900和治疗单元902。基站1000——其可取代以上所述的用具箱中的充电器——可以用于充电治疗装置和接收和传输数据至治疗装置和至云1002两者。基站1000和治疗装置之间的通信可以是无线的(如通过蓝牙和/或WiFi),和基站1000和云1002之间的通信可以是例如通过蜂窝网络、使用3G或4G连接、或通过有线连接至互联网、使用DSL或缆线或以太网。医师或其它用户可以使用在线门户或医师门户网站1004浏览和/或收回云1002上存储的数据。此外,医师可以通过云1002和基站1000使用网络门户1004开处方和/或修改治疗单元902上的治疗方案。
在一些实施方式中,基站1000用于接收和传输可能需要高带宽的相对大量的数据,如来自治疗装置的原始数据的传输,其可为约10至100Mb/天、或约10、20、30、40、或50Mb/天。在一些实施方式中,数据可存储在基站1000中的存储器中并以另一个间隔进行传输,如每周一次或每周两次,其中传输带宽按比例加大。每天在治疗装置充电时进行原始数据的高带宽传输,如在定期充电期间的晚上。在一些实施方式中,可以通过云和/或医师将原始数据处理成处理的数据并发回至治疗装置。
在一些实施方式中,系统可任选地包括便携式计算装置1006,如智能电话或平板电脑,以为患者提供辅助显示器和用户界面,并且运行应用从而更容易地控制治疗装置和浏览原始和处理的数据。便携式计算装置可以用于使患者或医师调节治疗装置,如调节刺激参数和给药,并且可以从治疗装置接收装置状态数据,其包括装置相关数据,诸如何时使用装置,错误,治疗参数如振幅和它们何时进行设置和递送。在一些实施方式中,便携式计算装置1006可以例如通过蜂窝网络和/或通过互联网连接使用WiFi从云1002接收处理的数据。
图11示例各种组件,其可以包括在治疗单元1100、带1102、和基站1104中。这些组件在上面和下面作为一个具体的实施方式详细描述。例如,治疗单元1100包括一个或多个指示器1106——其可以是LED,和用户界面1108——其可以是推动按钮,例如。治疗单元1100还可以具有带有刺激电子器件的刺激器1110和可包括测量电流和电压的能力。治疗单元1100还可以具有电池1112,其可为可再充电的并且可以使用充电电路1114——其可为感应的——进行再充电。治疗单元1110可进一步包括处理器1116和存储器1118以存储和执行程序和指令,从而完成本文所描述的功能。治疗单元1110还可包括传感器1120,如运动传感器,和通信模块1122,其可为无线的并且可以与基站1104和/或辅助显示器/计算装置通信。
带1102可以具有电极1124并且还可包括存储器以存储识别信息或可包括一些其它形式的鉴别器1126,如本文所述的。
基站1104可以包括充电电路1128,其还可为感应的并且可以将功率传输至治疗单元1100上的互补的充电电路1114。基站1104还可以具有用于存储和执行指令和程序的处理器和存储器。基站1104可以进一步包括通信模块1132——其可为蜂窝——以与云通信,和另一个通信模块1134——其可为无线的并且用于与治疗单元通信。
当部件或元件在本文中被称为“在”另一个部件或元件上时,其可以直接地在其它部件或元件上或还可以存在介于中间的部件和/或元件。相比之下,当部件或元件被称为“直接地在”另一个部件或元件上时,则没有介于中间的部件或元件存在。还会理解,当部件或元件被称为“连接”、“附接”或“耦接”至另一个部件或元件时,其可以直接地连接、附接或耦接至其它部件或元件或介于中间的部件或元件可存在。相比之下,当部件或元件被称为“直接地连接”、“直接地附接”或“直接地耦接”至另一个部件或元件时,则没有介于中间的部件或元件存在。尽管关于一个实施方式进行了描述或示出,但是所描述或示出的部件和元件可以应用于其它实施方式。本领域技术人员还将认识到,对与另一个部件“相邻”布置的结构或部件的提及可以具有与相邻部件重叠或位于其下面的部分。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述具体的实施方式,并不意图限制本发明。例如,如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。应进一步理解的是,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括”和/或“包含”指定所述部件、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除一个或多个其它部件、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群组的存在或添加。如本文所使用的,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合,并且可以缩写为“/”。
为了便于描述,可以使用诸如“在...之下”、“在...下方”、“较低”、“在...之上”、“较高”等空间相对术语来描述一个元件或部件与另一个元件(一个或多个)或部件(一个或多个)的关系,如图中所示。应该理解的是,空间相对术语旨在包含除了附图中描绘的方位之外的使用或操作中的装置的不同方位。例如,如果图中的设备是倒置的,则被描述为在其它元件或部件“之下”或“之下”的元件将被定向为“在”其它元件或部件“之上”。因此,示例性术语“在...之下”可以涵盖“在...之上”和“在...之下”两个取向。装置可以以其它方式定向(旋转90度或在其它方位),并且相应地解释本文使用的空间相对描述符。类似地,术语“向上地”、“向下地”、“垂直地”、“水平地”等在本文中仅用于解释的目的,除非另外特别指出。
虽然本文中可以使用术语“第一”和“第二”来描述各种部件/元件(包括步骤),但是这些部件/元件不应受这些术语的限制,除非上下文另外指出。这些术语可以用来区分一个部件/元件与另一个部件/元件。因此,在不脱离本发明的教导的情况下,下面讨论的第一部件/元件可以被称为第二部件/元件,并且类似地,下面讨论的第二部件/元件可以被称为第一部件/元件。
在整个说明书和随后的权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,否则词语“包括”以及诸如“包含”和“含有”的变化意味着各种组件可以共同用于本文中的方法和物品(例如,组合物和装置(包括设备)和方法)。例如,术语“含有”将被理解为暗示包含任何所述的元件或步骤,但不排除任何其它元件或步骤。
如本文中在说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,包括如实施例中所使用的并且除非另有明确规定,否则即使术语没有明示,所有数字也可以被阅读,如同以词语“约”或“近似地”开头。当描述幅度和/或位置以指示所描述的值和/或位置在值和/或位置的合理预期范围内时,可以使用短语“约”或“近似”。例如,数值可以具有所述值(或值的范围)的+/-0.1%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-1%、所述值(或值的范围)+/-2%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-5%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-10%等的值。除非上下文另外指出,否则本文给出的任何数值也应被理解为包括约或近似该值。例如,如果公开了值“10”,那么“约10”也被公开。本文列举的任何数值范围旨在包括其中包含的所有子范围。还应理解的是,如本领域技术人员所适当理解的,当公开值时,“小于或等于”值、“大于或等于值”以及值之间的可能范围也被公开。例如,如果公开了值“X”,则还公开了“小于或等于X”以及“大于或等于X”(例如,其中X是数值)。还可以理解的是,在整个申请中,数据以多种不同的格式提供,并且该数据表示端点和起点,以及用于数据点的任何组合的范围。例如,如果公开特定的数据点“10”和特定的数据点“15”,则可以理解的是,大于、大于或等于、小于、小于或等于、等于10和15以及10和15之间被认为是公开。还应该理解的是,两个特定单元之间的每个单元也被公开。例如,如果公开了10和15,则还公开了11、12、13和14。
尽管上面描述了各种说明性的实施方式,但是在不脱离如权利要求所述的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对各种实施方式进行多种改变中的任一种。例如,执行各种所描述的方法步骤的顺序通常可以在可选的实施方式中被改变,并且在其它可选的实施方式中,一个或多个方法步骤可以被完全跳过。各种装置和系统实施方式的任选部件可以被包括在一些实施方式中,而不在其它实施方式中。因此,前面的描述主要是为了示例性的目的而提供的,并且不应当被解释为限制权利要求中所阐述的本发明的范围。
应该理解的是,本公开在很多方面仅仅是本发明的许多可选的装置实施方式的说明。可以在细节上做出改变,特别是在各种装置部件的形状、尺寸、材料和布置方面,而不超出本发明的各种实施方式的范围。本领域技术人员将会理解,其示例性实施方式及描述仅仅是本发明的整体说明。虽然本发明的几个原理在上述示例性实施方式中已经清楚,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,可以在本发明的实践中利用对结构、布置、比例、元件、材料和使用方法的修改等等,其特别适用于特定的环境和操作要求而不背离本发明的范围。另外,尽管已经结合具体的实施方式描述了某些部件和元件,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,那些部件和元件可以与本文公开的其它实施方式组合。
Claims (10)
1.用于治疗患者的震颤的系统,所述系统包括:
带,其具有至少两个电极、容器、和与所述至少两个电极和所述容器两者电通信的第一电路;和
可拆卸治疗单元,其包括:
第二电路;
与所述第二电路电通信的一个或多个传感器,所述一个或多个传感器配置以测量来自所述患者的数据;
刺激器,配置以产生电刺激,所述刺激器与所述第二电路电通信;
至少两个电极,配置以接收来自所述刺激器的电刺激;
控制器,配置以控制通过所述刺激器的所述电刺激的产生;和
与所述第二电路电通信的电源;
其中所述可拆卸治疗单元配置以可逆地附接至所述带的所述容器,从而所述至少两个电极与所述刺激器电通信。
2.权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述带进一步包括一个或多个鉴别器。
3.权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个鉴别器与刺激参数和/或使用寿命信息有关。
4.权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括配置以使所述电源充电的基站。
5.权利要求4所述的系统,其中所述基站进一步配置以接收和传输数据至所述可拆卸治疗单元并且从所述可拆卸治疗单元接收和传输数据以及接收和传输数据至云计算网络和从云计算网络接收和传输数据。
6.权利要求5所述的系统,进一步包括在线门户,配置以访问存储在所述云计算网络上的数据。
7.权利要求1-5任一项所述的系统,进一步包括在线门户,配置以提供信息和参数变化返回至所述可拆卸治疗单元。
8.权利要求5或6所述的系统,进一步包括具有第二用户界面和显示器的便携式计算装置,其中所述便携式计算装置配置以与所述可拆卸治疗单元无线通信和接收来自所述云计算网络的数据。
9.权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述容器包括用于将所述可拆卸治疗单元可逆地附接至所述容器的固定部件。
10.权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述固定部件选自夹子、磁铁、扣合机构、扭合机构、螺旋机构、闭锁机构、滑动机构、挠性缘、和钩件。
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