CN112913676A

CN112913676A - Strip-type soilless substrate cultivation device

Info

Publication number: CN112913676A
Application number: CN202110419153.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨际伟; 陈玉珍; 陈为雄
Original assignee: Agricultural Research And Test Center Of Fujian Department Of Science And Technology
Current assignee: Agricultural Research And Test Center Of Fujian Department Of Science And Technology
Priority date: 2021-04-19
Filing date: 2021-04-19
Publication date: 2021-06-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a strip-type soilless substrate cultivation device which comprises a cultivation box and substrate temperature control equipment, wherein cultivation substrates are laid in the cultivation box, crops are planted in the cultivation box at intervals along the length direction, a blind pipe is arranged between every two adjacent crops and is perpendicular to the bottom of the cultivation box, the blind pipe is of a hollow structure, the surface of the blind pipe is provided with an opening, two drip irrigation belts are arranged in the cultivation box along the length direction and are arranged on the upper surfaces of the cultivation substrates on two sides of the crops, drainage and ventilation holes are formed in the middle lower portion and the bottom of the side surface of the cultivation box, and the substrate temperature control equipment comprises a central processing unit, a carbon fiber heating wire and a substrate temperature sensor which are connected with the central processing unit. The invention can improve the effects of air permeability, water permeability, heat dissipation and the like of the root zone, is matched with the adjustable water-fertilizer drippers and the root zone temperature control device, solves the problems of salt washing and heating of the root zone cultivated in winter, further realizes the cultivation mode of increasing the volume of the cultivation substrate and expanding the growth space of the root system, and improves the supporting environment for the growth and development of the root system of crops.

Description

Strip-type soilless substrate cultivation device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a strip type soilless substrate cultivation device.

Background

The facility agricultural production is an important measure for enriching the material life of common people. At present, soilless substrate cultivation, particularly strip-type soilless substrate cultivation, is applied to facility cultivation as a common technical means, and the vegetable production efficiency is high. The root system is the fundamental support of the physical structure and biochemical function of the overground part of the crop, the crop root system is developed, the photosynthesis is strong, the growth vigor is vigorous, and the yield and the quality can be obviously improved.

The size of the root growth space affects root development. At present, the caliber of a cultivation bag for producing the upper strip type substrate is more than 0.3 multiplied by 0.3 meter, the development space of a root system is limited, the root system is difficult to stretch, the plastic cultivation bag is airtight, and the respiration and oxygen consumption of the root system are limited. The reason why the diameter is limited to 0.3X 0.3 m and the amount of the culture substrate is not increased is as follows: firstly, the water and air permeability are difficult to ensure, and the oxygen deficiency and water accumulation of root systems are easy to occur; secondly, the problem of fermentation and heating of the culture medium in normal temperature and high temperature seasons is solved, and the aging of the root system is accelerated; thirdly, the salt washing is incomplete or the water and fertilizer consumption is large, the water and fertilizer are poured into the matrix, the salt accumulation problem occurs along with the time, and the excess salt needs to be washed away. In production, a common drip irrigation belt is periodically filled with excessive water and fertilizer to wash out high salt, but the culture substrate is gradually moistened from point to surface in the form of drop arrows or drop holes, the salt washing effect is poor, and the EC value of the substrate is increased due to salt accumulation, so that the growth, yield reduction and even death of crops are influenced; and fourthly, considering the cost problem.

Therefore, a new mode is explored and researched, the problems of water permeability, air permeability, heat dissipation, salt accumulation and the like of the culture medium are solved, the volume of the culture medium is enlarged, the root growth space is increased, greater root activity is released, the root biomass is improved, the growth activity of crops is favorably improved, and the yield is improved.

In addition, root zone temperature is an important factor affecting root system viability. In facility cultivation, the vegetables out of season in winter have more economic benefits. However, the temperature is low in winter, the temperature of the root zone is maintained at a lower level, and the heat accumulated by the greenhouse effect is difficult to meet the heat demand of the root zone, so that the physiological activity of the root zone is inhibited, and the growth and development of plants are influenced. It is necessary to explore a low-cost, easily deployed root zone heating device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a strip-type soilless substrate cultivation device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a strip soilless substrate cultivation device comprises a cultivation box and substrate temperature control equipment, wherein cultivation substrates are laid in the cultivation box, a row of crops are planted in the cultivation box at intervals along the length direction, a blind pipe is arranged between every two adjacent crops and is perpendicular to the bottom of the cultivation box, the blind pipe is of a hollow structure and is provided with a hole in the surface, two drip irrigation belts are arranged in the cultivation box along the length direction and are arranged on the upper surfaces of the cultivation substrates on the two sides of the crops, a plurality of drainage air holes are formed in the middle lower portion and the bottom of the side surface of the cultivation box at intervals, the substrate temperature control equipment comprises a central processing unit, a carbon fiber heating wire and a substrate temperature sensor which are connected with the central processing unit, the carbon fiber heating wire is arranged along the length direction of the cultivation box and embedded in the cultivation substrate, and the substrate temperature sensor is embedded in the cultivation substrate and detects the temperature of the cultivation substrate.

Furthermore, the cultivation box is a strip-shaped cultivation box formed by splicing 1 left side plate, 1 right side plate, N front side plates, N rear side plates and N bottom plates, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Furthermore, the left side plate, the right side plate, the front side plate, the rear side plate and the bottom plate are all formed by PVC materials.

Further, a waste liquid collecting disc is laid at the bottom of the cultivation box.

Furthermore, the blind pipe is of a three-dimensional porous structure, the average opening rate of the surface of the blind pipe is 90-95%, the inner diameter of the blind pipe is 3-4cm, and the length of the blind pipe is 40 cm.

Furthermore, the substrate temperature sensor is arranged at the position of 25-30cm depth of the culture substrate in the culture box, and the carbon fiber heating wire is arranged at the position of 20cm depth of the culture substrate in the culture box.

Furthermore, the water dropper of the drip irrigation tape is a shower type water dropper, and the spraying radius of the water dropper is 5-8 cm.

Furthermore, the carbon fiber heating wires are more than two, and the more than two carbon fiber heating wires are arranged in parallel.

The invention adopts the air-permeable blind pipe, improves the effects of air permeability, water permeability, heat dissipation and the like of the root zone, is matched with the adjustable water-fertilizer drippers and the root zone temperature control device, solves the heating problem of salt washing and the root zone cultivated in winter, further realizes the cultivation mode of increasing the volume of the cultivation matrix, expanding the growth space of the root system, improves the supporting environment for the growth and development of the root system of crops, can improve the ratio of the activity of the root system to the root cap, and further promotes the development of the root system, the luxuriant foliage and the high yield. Meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to disassemble and assemble and can be repeatedly used.

Drawings

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description;

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a strip soilless substrate cultivating apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the strip soilless substrate cultivating device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the substrate temperature control apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in one of figures 1-3, a strip soilless substrate cultivation device comprises a cultivation box 1 and a substrate temperature control device, wherein a cultivation substrate is laid in the cultivation box 1, a row of crops 2 are planted in the cultivation box 1 at intervals along the length direction, a blind pipe 3 is arranged between two adjacent crops 2 and is perpendicular to the bottom of the cultivation box 1, the blind pipe 3 is of a hollow structure and is provided with a hole on the surface, two drip irrigation belts 4 are arranged in the cultivation box 1 along the length direction and are arranged on the upper surface of the cultivation substrate on two sides of the crops 2, a plurality of drainage air holes 5 are respectively arranged at intervals at the middle lower part and the bottom of the side surface of the cultivation box 1, the substrate temperature control device comprises a central processor, a carbon fiber heating wire 6 and a substrate temperature sensor 7, the carbon fiber heating wire 6 is connected with the central processor, and is arranged along the length direction of the cultivation box 1 and is embedded in the cultivation substrate, the substrate temperature sensor 7 is embedded in the culture substrate and detects the temperature of the culture substrate.

Further, the cultivation box 1 is a strip-shaped cultivation box formed by splicing 1 left side plate, 1 right side plate, N front side plates, N rear side plates and N bottom plates, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The left side plate, the right side plate, the front side plate, the rear side plate and the bottom plate are all formed by PVC materials. The size of each side plate is 0.4 m multiplied by 0.4 m, and the strip-type cultivation boxes can be spliced infinitely.

Further, waste liquid catch tray 8 has been laid to the bottom of cultivation case 1, and the waste liquid catch tray is used for the waste liquid to retrieve and recycle to can keep the cultivation environment dry clean and tidy, reduce cultivation environment miscellaneous fungus and breed.

The blind pipe reduces the underground water pressure mainly by collecting and draining water and greening seepage, and protects the culture medium from being damaged due to seepage deformation. The blind pipe is of a multilayer irregular three-dimensional porous structure, the average opening rate of the surface of the blind pipe is 90-95%, the blind pipe is 3-4cm in inner diameter and 40cm in length, and the blind pipe is inserted vertically in the middle of each 2 crops in a hollow mode.

Further, the substrate temperature sensor 7 is arranged at the position of 25-30cm depth of the culture substrate in the culture box 1, and the carbon fiber heating wire 6 is arranged at the position of 20cm depth of the culture substrate in the culture box 1.

Furthermore, the water dropper of the drip irrigation belt 4 is an adjustable shower type water dropper, water and fertilizer are sprayed out of the water dropper in a shower type, and the spraying radius of each water dropper is 5-8 cm. The water and fertilizer is dripped into the substrate in a spraying mode, so that the high-salinity solution in the culture substrate can be washed out from top to bottom integrally and quickly, the salt washing efficiency is superior to that of a drip arrow or a drip hole type irrigation mode, the irrigation quantity can be controlled within 10% of the saturation quantity, and the using amount of the water and fertilizer is saved.

Further, the number of the carbon fiber heating wires 6 is two or more, and the two or more carbon fiber heating wires 6 are arranged in parallel. The conventionally selected model of the carbon fiber heating wire is 36K (the model can be adjusted according to the design length of the cultivation box), and the resistance value is 11 omega/m.

The invention adopts the above device, and has the advantages that: (1) a strip-type cultivation box is designed, the cross section of each cultivation box with unit length is designed to be 0.4 m multiplied by 0.4 m, the volume of each unit length is 1.78 times of that of a traditional cultivation bag (0.3 m multiplied by 0.3 m), and the root growth and development space is greatly increased. Meanwhile, the increment of the culture medium is more beneficial to water and fertilizer conservation, and the water and fertilizer supply frequency and the management cost are reduced. Compared with the traditional cultivation bag, the drainage and ventilation holes are additionally formed in the middle lower part and the bottom of the side edge, and the aerobic respiration of the root system is facilitated. The cultivation case design can be dismantled mosaic structure, can adjust use length in a flexible way to can recycle. (2) The invention applies the air-permeable blind pipe, and the three-dimensional porous structure of the air-permeable blind pipe is more beneficial to air exchange and water exchange in the culture medium, and is beneficial to keeping reasonable air permeability and water content of the culture medium. Meanwhile, the air-permeable blind pipe can be used for heat exchange, and the problem of heat accumulation caused by incomplete fermentation of the culture medium is avoided. The invention innovatively applies the blind pipes in the field of constructional engineering to the agricultural substrate cultivation process, and solves the unfavorable root growth factors generated by a large amount of cultivation substrates. (3) The carbon fiber heating wire is a reinforced plastic composite material made of carbon fibers. The carbon fiber is a fibrous carbon material, has high strength, low density, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good electric conductivity and low cost (compared with the hot water circulation temperature control technology, the cost is greatly reduced). The carbon fiber heating wire is used as a culture substrate heating material, and is safe and reliable. When the substrate is replaced, the carbon fiber heating wire has high strength, can be directly drawn out of the substrate and is suitable for repeated use. (4) The substrate temperature control equipment disclosed by the invention realizes the functions of remote early warning, intelligent substrate temperature regulation and remote manual regulation and control by monitoring the temperature of the culture substrate in real time on line by applying the technology of the Internet of things. Data can be downloaded online for scientific analysis. The substrate temperature sensor is a stainless steel-packaged NTC thermistor sensor with good sealing performance and conductivity, and can be embedded in the culture substrate for a long time.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a strip soilless substrate culture device which characterized in that: including cultivation case and matrix temperature control equipment, cultivation matrix is laid to the cultivation incasement, and the cultivation incasement is planted along length direction interval and has a line crop, is equipped with between two adjacent crops blind pipe and blind pipe perpendicular to cultivation bottom of the case portion setting, and the blind pipe is hollow structure and surperficial trompil, and the cultivation incasement is equipped with two drip irrigation zones and two drip irrigation zones along length direction and establishes the cultivation matrix upper surface in the crop both sides, and the equal interval in lower part in the side of cultivation case and bottom is equipped with a plurality of drainage bleeder vent, matrix temperature control equipment includes central processing unit and the carbon fiber heating wire of being connected with central processing unit, matrix temperature sensor, the carbon fiber heating wire sets up and buries underground in cultivation matrix along cultivation case length direction, and matrix temperature sensor buries cultivation matrix and surveys cultivation matrix's temperature.

2. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation box is a strip-shaped cultivation box formed by splicing 1 left side plate, 1 right side plate, N front side plates, N rear side plates and N bottom plates, wherein N is an integer larger than or equal to 1.

3. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 2, wherein: the left side plate, the right side plate, the front side plate, the rear side plate and the bottom plate are all formed by PVC materials.

4. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: a waste liquid collecting tray is laid at the bottom of the cultivation box.

5. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: the blind pipe is of a three-dimensional porous structure, the average opening rate of the surface of the blind pipe is 90-95%, the inner diameter of the blind pipe is 3-4cm, and the length of the blind pipe is 40 cm.

6. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: the substrate temperature sensor is arranged at the position with the depth of 25-30cm of the culture substrate in the culture box, and the carbon fiber heating wire is arranged at the position with the depth of 20cm of the culture substrate in the culture box.

7. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: the water dropper of the drip irrigation tape is a shower type water dropper, and the spraying radius of the water dropper is 5-8 cm.

8. The strip soilless substrate cultivating device according to claim 1, wherein: the carbon fiber heating wire is more than two, and the more than two carbon fiber heating wires are arranged in parallel.