CN112889395A - Germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shiny-leaved yellowhorn - Google Patents
Germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shiny-leaved yellowhorn Download PDFInfo
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- CN112889395A CN112889395A CN202110168168.3A CN202110168168A CN112889395A CN 112889395 A CN112889395 A CN 112889395A CN 202110168168 A CN202110168168 A CN 202110168168A CN 112889395 A CN112889395 A CN 112889395A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shinyleaf yellowhorn, which is characterized in that shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds are placed in 1-20 wt% of Na2CO3Solution or NaHCO with weight percentage of 1-10%3After accelerating germination in the solution, sowing. The method comprises the steps of sterilizing xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds, and placing the seeds in Na with the mass fraction of 1-20%2CO3Or 1% to 10% NaHCO3The seeds are soaked in the solution for 3-5 days, the germination time of the soaked seeds is short (the shortest time is 10 days), the germination rate is high (the highest germination rate of the seeds can reach 83.3%), the germination potential is high (the highest germination potential of the seeds can reach 79.78%), the dormancy state is shortened, and a new method is provided for the germination and growth of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds in a short time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shiny-leaved yellowhorn.
Background
The xanthoceras sorbifolia belongs to xanthoceras of Sapindaceae, and is a woody oil tree species which is peculiar to China, has luxuriant branches and leaves, bright and beautiful color and peculiar fruit type, and integrates ornamental flowers and fruits. The xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge is good for the sun and the half-yin, has strong adaptability to soil, has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, saline-alkali resistance and the like, has deep root system of the xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge, developed main root, strong tillering capability, high growth speed and high economic value and ecological value, and is one of the tree species which are mainly popularized in returning to the farmland and controlling desertification. The xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge seeds can be eaten, the oil content of the seeds reaches 55% -67%, the seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acid, and the xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge seeds can be processed into high-quality edible oil.
The seedling seed propagation is the main propagation mode of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn at present, however, as the seed coat of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn is hard and thick and is covered with a waxy surface layer, the water is difficult to soak, but the seed germination must break dormancy, so the natural germination rate is extremely low, and is only 6%. The deep dormancy of the seeds brings huge loss to agricultural production, and an important reason of the seed dormancy is the deterioration of a membrane system, the change of the cell membrane permeability in the storage process of the seeds causes the seeds to enter a dormant state, and the growth vigor of the seedlings is weakened. In addition, the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds contain growth inhibitors, and the existence of the growth inhibitors causes the seed germination rate to be low. In China, the germination rate of seeds is improved by adopting the treatment of seed mixed sand lamination in most xanthoceras sorbifolia growing areas, but the method has high requirements on seasons, long treatment time and labor consumption. Therefore, an effective method is needed to shorten the dormancy period of the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for accelerating germination and seedling raising of shinyleaf yellowhorn, which starts with the ecological and physiological habits of shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds, breaks the dormant state of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds in a short time through different treatments, promotes the seeds to germinate rapidly, and improves the germination rate of the seeds.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shinyleaf yellowhorn, which is characterized in that shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds are placed in 1-20 wt% of Na2CO3Solutions or weightsNaHCO at 1-10% ratio3After accelerating germination in the solution, sowing.
Preferably, the Na is2CO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2-5%; said NaHCO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2-6%.
Preferably, the Na is2CO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2 percent; said NaHCO3The concentration of the solution was 3% by weight.
Preferably, the pregermination treatment is to use Na for xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds2CO3Solutions or NaHCO3Soaking the solution at 25-30 deg.C for 3-5 days, changing the soaking solution every 20-24 hr, cleaning the residual solution on the seed surface, and air drying.
Preferably, before pregermination treatment of the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds, the method further comprises the step of sterilizing the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds; the sterilization comprises the following steps: exposing the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, or irradiating the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds with ultraviolet rays for 1-3 hours.
Preferably, the sowing is specifically as follows: sowing the seeds of the shinyleaf yellowhorn which are subjected to the pregermination treatment in sandy soil, watering for the first time until water seeps out from the bottom of the flowerpot, stopping watering, covering a film, and supplementing water in time.
Preferably, the sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm.
Preferably, after watering and film covering, seedling raising is carried out under the following conditions: daytime temperature: 35 ℃, light intensity: 60 percent; night temperature: at 25 ℃ without light intensity.
The method comprises the steps of sterilizing xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds, and placing the seeds in Na with the mass fraction of 1-20%2CO3Or 1% to 10% NaHCO3The seeds are soaked in the solution for 3-5 days, the germination time of the soaked seeds is short (the shortest time is 10 days), the germination rate is high (the highest germination rate of the seeds can reach 83.3%), the germination potential is high (the highest germination potential of the seeds can reach 79.78%), the dormancy state is shortened, and a new method is provided for the germination and growth of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds in a short time.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemicals, unless otherwise specified. The quantitative tests in the following examples, all set up three replicates and the results averaged.
The germination accelerating and seedling raising method for the shinyleaf yellowhorn comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection
The shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds are picked at full maturity in 7-8 months per year. And (3) placing the newly picked shinyleaf yellowhorn in a ventilated and dry place at room temperature, removing water and preventing the seeds from mildewing.
2. Sterilization
Collecting the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds after room temperature air drying, selecting neat unanimous, the granule is plump, and the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed that size is moderate carries out the germination and handles the experiment, adopts one of following modes to disinfect: the sun protection method includes the steps that under strong sunlight, for example, the sun is exposed in 7-8 months in Lanzhou areas of Gansu province, and the time is 2-3 days; irradiating with ultraviolet light for 1-3 h; the two modes can achieve the effect of sterilizing the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds.
3. Pregermination treatment
Treating the sterilized seeds in different solutions at room temperature, wherein the weight percentage of Na is 1-20%2CO3Solution, 1-10% by weight of NaHCO3Soaking the solution in distilled water, and blank control.
3.1 weight percent of 1-20% Na2CO3Solution treatment
Sterilizing xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds with 1-20 wt% of Na2CO3Soaking the seeds in the solution at 25-30 deg.C for 3-5 days, changing the soaking solution every 20-24 hr, soaking until the seed shells become soft, washing with flowing clear water for three times, and air drying the surface water of the seeds for later use.
3.2 weight percent of 1-10% NaHCO3Solution treatment
Sterilizing xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds with NaH 1-10 wt%CO3Soaking the seeds in the solution at 25-30 deg.C for 3-5 days, changing the soaking solution every 20-24 hr, soaking until the seed shells become soft, washing with flowing clear water for three times, and air drying the surface water of the seeds for later use.
3.3 treatment of distilled Water
Soaking sterilized xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds in distilled water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and airing the surface moisture of the seeds for later use.
3.4 control group
The sterilized xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds were set as a control group without any treatment.
4. Seeding
The method comprises the following steps of respectively placing shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds subjected to different treatments in a flowerpot, wherein the soil depth is 1cm, stopping watering when water seeps out from the bottom of the flowerpot, covering a film, placing the film in an artificial climate box, and setting parameters as follows: day (temperature: 35 ℃ C., light intensity: 60%) and night (temperature: 25 ℃ C., no light intensity). The watering is stopped when the water seeps from the bottom of the flowerpot for the first time, the water is recorded, the watering is carried out every 24 hours, and the daily watering amount is the same as that for the first time. The minimum time required for germination was observed and recorded, and the number of sprouts was recorded daily.
5. Management of seedling growth
5.1 time for growing seedlings
The seedling raising time is determined according to the growth environment of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds.
5.2 seedling growing Environment
The temperature of the artificial climate box is 30-35 ℃, sand is selected as a germination matrix of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds, and the sources of the sand are desert edges of sweet and new regions.
6. Data statistics
As a way for promoting the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds to rapidly germinate, the invention adopts Na with different mass fractions2CO3And NaHCO3The shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds are soaked in the solution, the dormant state of the seeds is broken in a short period, the seeds are promoted to germinate rapidly, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved. Through Na2CO3And NaHCO3Compared with a control group, the time required by the seeds soaked in the solution for germination is shortened by 3-6 days, the germination rate is improved by 60% -70% compared with the control group, and the germination potential is improved by 34% -67% compared with the control group.
The CK group and the distilled water group are arranged in each embodiment described below, experiments carried out in batches in each embodiment may be influenced by factors such as seed quality, environment and the like, and the CK group and the distilled water group in different embodiments are slightly different. However, in comparison with the experimental groups other than those in example 6 (i.e., the experimental groups of the same batch) in this example, it can be seen that the germination vigor and germination rate of the experimental groups are significantly improved. The experimental group of example 6 did not have an increase in germination rate and germination vigor due to the excessive concentration of the soaking solution compared to distilled water.
Example 1
The germination accelerating and seedling raising method for the shinyleaf yellowhorn comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection
In 7-month middle ten days, removing Gansu cloisonne and picking completely mature xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge, sun-drying, peeling off outer peel, collecting seeds, placing the newly picked xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge in a ventilated and dry place at room temperature, removing water, preventing the seeds from mildewing, and marking and storing for later use.
2. Sterilization
And in 7 months, collecting the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds air-dried at room temperature, selecting 360 shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds which are uniform, full in particles and moderate in size, dividing the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds into 3 groups serving as parallel groups, and dividing each group into 4 treatment groups for respectively carrying out the same sterilization treatment. The sterilization method comprises the following steps: each group of seeds was exposed to UV light for 1 h.
3. Pregermination treatment
And 7 months, soaking the sterilized seeds in different solutions respectively at room temperature, wherein the soaking treatment comprises the following steps: na with a mass percent concentration of 2%2CO3Solution, NaHCO with 3% mass percentage concentration3Solution and distilled water. The soaking time is 3 days. Setting a control group under the same condition, namely putting the sterilized seeds in an artificial climate incubator without any treatment, and setting parameters as follows: day (temperature: 35 ℃ C., light intensity: 60%) and night (temperature: 25 ℃ C., no light intensity).
4. Seeding and seedling raising
And in 7 months, placing the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds subjected to different treatments in flowerpots respectively, and selecting sand as a germination matrix of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds, wherein the sources of the sand are desert edges of sweet and new regions. The seed degree of depth is 1cm, and the first watering stops watering when having water to ooze bottom the flowerpot, and the tectorial membrane is put to the artificial climate case, and the setting parameter is: day (temperature: 35 ℃ C., light intensity: 60%) and night (temperature: 25 ℃ C., no light intensity). The watering is stopped when the water seeps from the bottom of the flowerpot for the first time, the water is recorded, the watering is carried out every 24 hours, and the daily watering amount is the same as that for the first time. The minimum time required for germination was observed and the rate of emergence was recorded every day after 25 days.
5. Statistical data
Respectively counting Na with the mass percentage of 2 percent of the shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 3%3Parameters in solution: the experimental results show in table 1, compared with the blank group, the time required for germination of the seeds is shortened, and the germination rate and the germination vigor are respectively improved.
Germination percentage refers to the percentage of the number of test seeds that germinate in the total number of test seeds.
The germination potential refers to the percentage of the number of the germinated seeds in the number of the seeds of the tested variety when the number of the germinated seeds reaches the maximum peak in the germination process, and the percentage of the number of the germinated seeds in the initial 1/3 period of the specified period of the germination test in the number of the tested seeds is taken as a standard.
According to the statistics of Table 1, Na is used2CO3And NaHCO3Compared with a control group, the time required for germination of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution is shortened by 4 days, and the germination rates are respectively improved by 70% and 66.7%; the germination rates are respectively improved by 66.94 percent and 57.83 percent; compared with the group soaked in water, the time required for germination is shortened by 1 day, and the germination rate and the germination potential are respectively improved by 40 percent and 30.43 percent. If the soil is kept moist all the time, the seeds still emerge after 2-3 months of sowing.
Example 2
In this example, the soaking solutions used for germination acceleration of xanthoceras sorbifolia are 3% by mass of Na, respectively2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 4%3The steps of the solution and the rest germination accelerating and seedling raising methods of the shinyleaf yellowhorn are the same as the steps of the embodiment 1.
Respectively counting the Na content of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds of which the mass percentage is 3 percent2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 4%3Parameters in solution: the time required for seed germination, germination rate and germination vigor, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.
According to the statistics of Table 2, Na is used2CO3Compared with a control group, the time required for germination of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution is shortened by 3 days, and compared with a group soaked in water, the time required for germination of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution is shortened by 2 days. Comparing with control group and water soaked group, adopting Na2CO3Solution and NaHCO3The germination rate and the germination potential are both obviously improved after the solution soaking. If the soil is kept moist all the time, the seeds still emerge after 2-3 months of sowing.
Example 3
In this example, the soaking solutions used for germination acceleration of xanthoceras sorbifolia are respectively 4% by mass of Na2CO3And 5% NaHCO by mass3The steps of the solution and the rest germination accelerating and seedling raising methods of the shinyleaf yellowhorn are the same as the steps of the embodiment 1.
Respectively counting Na of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds with the mass percent of 4%2CO3And 5% NaHCO by mass3Parameters in solution: the time required for seed germination, germination rate and germination vigor, and the experimental results are shown in table 3.
According to the statistics of Table 3, NaHCO is used3Solution and Na2CO3Compared with a control group, the time required for germination of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution is shortened by 3 days, and compared with a group soaked in water, the time required for germination of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution is shortened by 2 days. Comparing with control group and water soaked group, adopting Na2CO3Solution and NaHCO3The germination rate and the germination potential are both obviously improved after the solution soaking. If the soil is kept moist all the time, the seeds still emerge after 2-3 months of sowing.
Example 4
In this example, the soaking solutions used for germination acceleration of xanthoceras sorbifolia are respectively 5% by mass of Na2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 6%3The steps of the solution and the rest germination accelerating and seedling raising methods of the shinyleaf yellowhorn are the same as the steps of the embodiment 1.
Respectively counting the Na content of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds of which the mass percentage is 5 percent2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 6%3Parameters in solution: the time required for seed germination, germination rate and germination vigor, and the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
According to the statistics of Table 4, Na is used2CO3Compared with the control group, the time required for germination of the soaked shinyleaf yellowhorn seeds is shortened by 1 day; the time required for germination was not changed compared to the group soaked with water. Comparing with control group and water soaked group, adopting Na2CO3Solution and NaHCO3The germination rate and the germination potential are both obviously improved after the solution soaking. If the soil is kept moist all the time, the seeds still emerge after 2-3 months of sowing.
Example 5
In this example, the soaking solutions used for germination acceleration of xanthoceras sorbifolia are respectively 1% by mass of Na2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 1%3The steps of the solution and the rest germination accelerating and seedling raising methods of the shinyleaf yellowhorn are the same as the steps of the embodiment 1.
Respectively counting the Na content of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds of which the mass percentage is 1 percent2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 1%3Parameters in solution: the time required for seed germination, germination rate and germination vigor, and the experimental results are shown in Table 5.
According to the statistical data in Table 5, 1% by mass of Na is used2CO3Compared with the control group soaked in water, the shortest time required for germination is not changed; NaHCO 23Compared with a blank control group, the germination rate and the germination potential of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution are respectively improved by 30 percent and 23.4 percent. If the soil is kept wet all the time, seedlings still emerge 2-3 months after sowing.
Example 6
In this example, the soaking solutions used for germination acceleration of xanthoceras sorbifolia are respectively 20 mass% of Na2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 10%3The steps of the solution and the rest germination accelerating and seedling raising methods of the shinyleaf yellowhorn are the same as the steps of the embodiment 1.
Respectively counting the Na content of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds of which the mass percentage is 20 percent2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 10%3Parameters in solution: the time required for seed germination, germination rate and germination vigor, and the experimental results are shown in Table 6.
According to the statistical data in Table 6, 20% by mass of Na is used2CO3And NaHCO with the mass percentage of 10%3Compared with the control group soaked in water, the germination rates of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution are not improved, and compared with a blank control group, the germination rates of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn seeds soaked in the solution are respectively improved by 10% and 13.3%.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A germination accelerating and seedling raising method for shiny-leaved yellowhorn is characterized by comprising the following steps: placing xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds in 1-20 wt% of Na2CO3Solution or NaHCO with weight percentage of 1-10%3After accelerating germination in the solution, sowing.
2. The method for sprouting and raising seedlings of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Na is2CO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2-5%; said NaHCO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2-6%.
3. The method for sprouting and raising seedlings of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Na is2CO3The weight percentage concentration of the solution is 2 percent; said NaHCO3The concentration of the solution was 3% by weight.
4. The method for sprouting and raising seedlings of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pregermination treatment is to treat xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds with Na2CO3Solutions or NaHCO3Soaking the solution at 25-30 deg.C for 3-5 days, changing the soaking solution every 20-24 hr, cleaning the residual solution on the seed surface, and air drying.
5. The germination accelerating and seedling raising method for xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: before pregermination treatment of xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds, sterilizing the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds; the sterilization comprises the following steps: exposing the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, or irradiating the xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds with ultraviolet rays for 1-3 hours.
6. The germination accelerating and seedling raising method for xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the seeding is specifically as follows: sowing the seeds of the shinyleaf yellowhorn which are subjected to the pregermination treatment in sandy soil, watering for the first time until water seeps out from the bottom of the flowerpot, stopping watering, covering a film, and supplementing water in time.
7. The method for sprouting and raising seedlings of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm.
8. The method for sprouting and raising seedlings of xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: after watering and film covering, seedling is grown under the following conditions: daytime temperature: 35 ℃, light intensity: 60 percent; night temperature: at 25 ℃ without light intensity.
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