CN112820875A - 一种3d打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种3d打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN112820875A
CN112820875A CN202011608445.XA CN202011608445A CN112820875A CN 112820875 A CN112820875 A CN 112820875A CN 202011608445 A CN202011608445 A CN 202011608445A CN 112820875 A CN112820875 A CN 112820875A
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韩基泰
汪磊
夏庆锋
孙丰勇
段为朋
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Binjiang College of Nanjing University of Information Engineering
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种3D打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料及其制备方法与应用,该浆料包括金属混合粉末以及浆液,金属混合粉末与浆液的比例为1g:0.3~1.2mL,浆液包括防氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂、有机粘接剂,金属混合粉末包括Sn、In、Mg,余量为纯度≥99.99%的Al,浆料粘度为1~100Pa·s;该浆料的制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)取金属粉末,将金属粉末与无水乙醇混合球磨;(2)将球磨后的混合溶液干燥至酒精完全挥发,得到干燥金属混合粉末;(3)向干燥金属混合粉末中加入抗氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂和有机粘接剂球磨,得到浆料;该浆料能够应用在3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极中。该浆料能够增加阳极的孔隙率、降低铝阳极的自腐蚀、性能稳定、提高阳极利用率。

Description

一种3D打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浆料及其制备方法与应用,更具体的,涉及一种3D打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
金属-空气电池是一种介于原电池与燃料电池之间的“半燃料”电池,具有性能优良、结构简单、其容量大、比能量高、成本低、放电稳定、安全可靠且绿色环保的特点,铝-空气电池能量密度高、电化学当量高、可循环再生且无毒无污染,在金属-空气电池领域具有明显的优势。但是,由于铝易氧化,铝阳极存在很多问题,其一,由于铝表面存在着一层钝化膜,会导致铝电极电位升高,电池电压下降;其二,铝表面的氧化膜遭到破坏后会导致大量氢气析出,导致电池自腐蚀放电严重。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种能够降低铝阳极的自腐蚀、提高铝阳极的析氢过电位、提高阳极利用率的3D打印用铝空气电池铝阳极浆料,本发明的另一目的是提供该浆料的制备方法,本发明的目的是提供该浆料的应用。
技术方案:本发明所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,包括金属混合粉末以及浆液,金属混合粉末与浆液的比例为1g:0..3~1.2mL,浆液包括防氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂、有机粘接剂,防氧化剂和分散剂的体积比为1~3:3~1,有机溶剂和有机粘接剂的体积比为1~4:1,金属混合粉末以质量分数百分比计,包括0.05~0.25%Sn、0.05~0.25%In、0.2~0.6%Mg,余量为纯度≥99.99%的Al,浆料粘度为1~100Pa·s。
其中,金属混合粉末中各金属粉末粒径为20-100μm;防氧化剂为茶多酚、叔丁基对苯二酚、丁基羟基茴香醚或二丁基羟基甲苯;分散剂为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯或聚乙二醇;有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、甲醇或丙酮;有机粘接剂为乙基纤维素、丙烯酸铵或甲基丙烯酸铵。
本发明所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取金属粉末Sn、In、Mg和Al,将金属粉末与无水乙醇混合,置于球磨罐中球磨;
(2)将球磨后的混合溶液干燥至酒精完全挥发,得到干燥金属混合粉末;
(3)向干燥金属混合粉末中加入抗氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂和有机粘接剂,置于球磨罐中球磨,得到浆料。
其中,步骤1~3在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成,步骤1和步骤3中球磨时使用直径为5-10mm的Si3N4球作为研磨介质,球磨速度为400-800r/min,步骤1 中金属粉末与无水乙醇使用量为1g:0.5~1mL。
本发明所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料能够应用在3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极中。
其中,将浆料装入挤出式3D打印机料腔,依据计算机预先设计图形进行打印,所述3D打印机喷嘴直径为0.1~1.5mm,挤出速率为1~10cm3/min,打印速度为5~50mm/s,打印层厚为200~400μm,激光功率为1~20W。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点是:1、通过3D打印的方式制备铝阳极,增加了阳极的孔隙率,增加了铝阳极在放电过程中与电解液的接触面积,提高了阳极利用率;2、通过添加少量的其他金属粉末,提高了铝阳极的析氢过电位,降低了铝阳极的自腐蚀;3、通过添加抗氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂、有机粘接剂,既能保证得到混合均匀、粘度适中、性能稳定的浆料,又能起到保护金属粉末被氧化和被破坏的作用,有利于得到适用于3D打印的浆料。
附图说明
图1是浆料的扫描电镜图;
图2是烧结成形后的单层铝阳极的扫描电镜图;
图3是烧结成形后的铝阳极的电位极化曲线;
图4是烧结成形后的铝阳极的阻抗曲线;
图5是铝-空气电池的恒流放电曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)取粒径为50~100μm、1kg的金属粉末,质量百分比如下:0.25%Sn、 0.25%In、0.6%Mg,余量为纯度≥99.99%的Al,将金属粉末与1000mL无水乙醇混合置于球磨罐,使用直径为10mm的Si3N4球,在800r/min的速度下球磨 8h;
(2)将球磨后的混合溶液置于80℃的恒温水浴锅中干燥至酒精完全挥发,得到干燥金属混合粉末;
(3)向干燥金属混合粉末中加入茶多酚100ml、聚乙烯100ml、苯300ml、乙基纤维素100ml,将混合溶液置于球磨罐,在球磨速度为800r/min、直径为10mm的Si3N4球的条件下,球磨处理8h,得到粘度为100Pa.s的混合浆料。上述所有步骤均在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成。浆料扫描电镜图如图1所示,在浆体状态下,粉末与粉末之间呈现松散、无粘接状态,该状态下的粉末较容易分散,但同时也容易受到外界环境的氧化,因此需要将粉末放置于手套箱中进行保护。
首先将制备的混合浆料置于挤出式3D打印机料腔,将所需打印的样品形状导入计算机后进行打印,喷嘴直径为1.5mm,挤出速率为10cm3/min,打印速度为50mm/s,打印层厚为400μm,激光功率为20W,得到激光烧结后的铝阳极。打印过程在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成。烧结成形后的单层铝阳极的扫描电镜图如图2所示,通过激光烧结后的粉末粘结程度良好,而且精度也较优。
将制得的铝阳极材料进行电化学与恒流放电性能测试,恒流放电实验在电流密度为50mA/cm2、电解液浓度为4M NaOH溶液中进行。
实施例2
(1)取粒径为20~40μm、1kg的金属粉末,质量百分比如下:0.05%Sn、 0.05%In、0.2%Mg,余量为纯度≥99.99%的Al,将金属粉末与600mL无水乙醇混合置于球磨罐,使用直径为6mm的Si3N4球,在400r/min的速度下球磨4h;
(2)将球磨后的混合溶液置于60℃的恒温水浴锅中干燥至酒精完全挥发,得到干燥金属混合粉末;
(3)向干燥金属混合粉末中加入二丁基羟基甲苯40ml、聚乙二醇40ml、丙酮60ml、甲基丙烯酸铵60ml,将混合溶液置于球磨罐,在球磨速度为400r/min、直径为6mm的Si3N4球的条件下,球磨处理4h,得到粘度为37Pa.s的混合浆料。上述所有步骤均在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成。首先将制备的混合浆料置于挤出式3D打印机料腔,将所需打印的样品形状导入计算机后进行打印,喷嘴直径为0.6mm,挤出速率为3cm3/min,打印速度为15mm/s,打印层厚为200μm,激光功率为5W,得到激光烧结后的铝阳极。打印过程在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成。
将制得的铝阳极材料进行电化学与恒流放电性能测试,恒流放电实验在电流密度为50mA/cm2、电解液浓度为4M NaOH溶液中进行。
对比例
取工业市售牌号为6061的工业铝合金作为阳极,其各元素所占的质量分数为:0.15%~0.4%Cu、0.15%Mn、0.8~1.2%Mg、0.25%Zn、0.04%~0.35%Cr、0.15%Ti、:0.4%~0.8%Si、0.7%Fe。余量Al。
如图3、图4、图5所示,实施例1和实施例2的极化曲线、阻抗曲线以及充放电性能都要明显优于市售铝合金,如表1所示,相较于对比例,本发明实施例制备的铝阳极具有较低的腐蚀电流密度,较正的腐蚀电位,较高的阳极利用率及横流放电电压,表明在相同条件下,本发明制备的铝阳极的性能明显优于对比例,由于添加了少量具有析氢过电位的金属粉末,保护了铝阳极的氧化,降低了铝阳极的析氢腐蚀;3D打印的铝阳极具有更高的孔隙率,使得铝阳极更充分的与电解液接触,提高了阳极利用率。
表1实施例1、实施例2和对比例铝阳极恒流放电实验结果
Figure RE-GDA0003000968890000041

Claims (10)

1.一种3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,包括金属混合粉末以及浆液,所述金属混合粉末与浆液的比例为1g:0..3~1.2mL,所述浆液包括防氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂、有机粘接剂,所述防氧化剂和分散剂的体积比为1~3:3~1,所述有机溶剂和有机粘接剂的体积比为1~4:1,所述金属混合粉末以质量分数百分比计,包括0.05~0.25%Sn、0.05~0.25%In、0.2~0.6%Mg,余量为纯度≥99.99%的Al,浆料粘度为1~100Pa·s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,所述金属混合粉末中各金属粉末粒径为20-100μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,所述防氧化剂为茶多酚、叔丁基对苯二酚、丁基羟基茴香醚或二丁基羟基甲苯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,所述分散剂为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯或聚乙二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、甲醇或丙酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料,其特征在于,所述有机粘接剂为乙基纤维素、丙烯酸铵或甲基丙烯酸铵。
7.一种权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取金属粉末Sn、In、Mg和Al,将金属粉末与无水乙醇混合,置于球磨罐中球磨;
(2)将球磨后的混合溶液干燥至酒精完全挥发,得到干燥金属混合粉末;
(3)向干燥金属混合粉末中加入抗氧化剂、分散剂、有机溶剂和有机粘接剂,置于球磨罐中球磨,得到浆料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1~3在充满氮气的密封手套箱中完成,所述步骤1和步骤3中球磨时使用直径为5-10mm的Si3N4球作为研磨介质,球磨速度为400-800r/min,所述步骤1中金属粉末与无水乙醇使用量为1g:0.5~1mL。
9.一种权利要求1所述的3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极用浆料在3D打印铝空气电池铝阳极中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,将浆料装入挤出式3D打印机料腔,依据计算机预先设计图形进行打印,所述3D打印机喷嘴直径为0.1~1.5mm,挤出速率为1~10cm3/min,打印速度为5~50mm/s,打印层厚为200~400μm,激光功率为1~20W。
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CN113477923A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-10-08 吉林大学重庆研究院 一种用于3d打印的钛合金浆料的制备和烧结方法
CN114614168A (zh) * 2022-03-29 2022-06-10 江南大学 一种铝-空气电池阳极复合浆料的制备方法及其应用

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CN109904437A (zh) * 2019-02-22 2019-06-18 上海交通大学 增材制造铝空气电池阳极材料及其制备方法
CN110756804A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-02-07 南方科技大学 一种金属材料的3d打印方法

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