CN112771237A - 覆层面板及其组装方法 - Google Patents

覆层面板及其组装方法 Download PDF

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CN112771237A
CN112771237A CN201980027425.2A CN201980027425A CN112771237A CN 112771237 A CN112771237 A CN 112771237A CN 201980027425 A CN201980027425 A CN 201980027425A CN 112771237 A CN112771237 A CN 112771237A
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A·祖比
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A Zubi
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Abstract

本公开涉及非承重建筑面板。更具体地，本公开涉及一种隔热、隔音和防潮的覆层面板，所述覆层面板具有与再生橡胶层联接的天然石材立面，所述覆层面板被配置成可滑动地联接到专用支架。

Description

覆层面板及其组装方法
背景技术
本公开总体上涉及非承重建筑面板。更具体地，本公开涉及一种隔热、隔音和防潮的覆层面板及其组件，所述覆层面板具有与再生橡胶联接的天然石材立面。
大多数现代住宅和轻型商业设计使用平台框架，其涉及现场浇筑柱-板技术或采用钢梁框架作为预制混凝土部件的支撑的骨架结构。
此外，在完成的内表面和外部耐候性层上均采用了隔热和隔音的其它措施。在某些情况下，这些包含各种类型的覆层。
许多覆层材料，例如木材、乙烯基和纤维水泥等，已以木板或风雨板的形式用于在建筑物上构造外墙组件。通常，由此类覆层材料制成的每一件在安装时其下边缘都覆盖先前安装件的固定位置。锚的位置、强度和配置使墙组件能够抵受所施加的载荷，例如风载荷。
当覆层应建筑师或法规的要求或出于保护方面的考虑(例如，分区要求)需要天然石材雕刻立面保持一致性(例如，与此区域的其它结构)时，对构造的约束可能会变得非常重要。
这些和其它问题通过以下公开内容解决。
发明内容
在各种实施例中，公开了与再生橡胶层联接的石材立面覆层面板，其隔热、隔音和防潮，还符合防火法规。
在实施例中，本文提供了具有顶面和基面的覆层面板，所述覆层面板包括：石材层，其具有粗糙外侧和光滑内侧；以及再生橡胶层，其以粘合方式并且以机械方式联接到石材层的光滑内侧，其中面板被配置成可滑动地联接到顶部支架，所述顶部支架以机械方式联接到例如墙或骨骼结构的承重结构的外侧。
在实施例中，顶部支架具有L形横截面，其中短支腿以机械方式联接到例如墙或骨骼结构的承重结构的外侧，而长支腿被配置成与覆层面板的顶面接合。
在又一实施例中，覆层面板的顶面进一步限定被配置成与第一轨道接合的第一通道，所述第一轨道从顶部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出。
读者将理解本技术的这些和其它目的和优点，并且预期这些目的和优点在本文公开和要求保护的技术的范围内。为了实现上述和相关目标，本公开可以附图中示出的形式实施，然而，需要注意以下事实：图式仅是说明性的，并且可在本公开的范围内对所示出和描述的特定构造作出改变。
附图说明
为了更好地理解隔热、隔音、防潮且具有与再生橡胶联接的天然石材立面的覆层面板，请参考附图，在附图中相同的数字始终表示对应元件或部分，并且在附图中：
图1A是具有图1B中所示的放大部分A的覆层面板的实施例的等距示意图。
图2A是覆层面板的第一实施例的X-Z横截面，所述覆层面板联接到具有单通道-轨道联接的结构，例如墙或骨骼结构，图2B示出覆层面板的第二实施例的X-Z横截面，所述覆层面板联接到具有多个(示出2个，可能更多)通道-轨道联接配置的结构，例如墙或骨骼结构；
图3A是图2A、2B中放大区域B的X-Z横截面，所示的顶部(或基部)L形支架被配置成与图2A的覆层面板接合，图3B示出被配置成与图2B的覆层面板接合的顶部(或基部)L形支架的X-Z横截面；以及
图4A至4B是详细描述所提供方法的实施例的示意流程图。
具体实施方式
本文提供了隔热、隔音、防潮且具有与再生橡胶联接的天然石材立面的覆层面板的实施例及其使用方法。
通过参考附图可获得对本文公开的零件、方法和装置的更完全理解。这些图(在本文中也被称作“图(FIG.)”)仅为基于方便和易于展示本公开的示意性表示，并且因此，不旨在指示装置或其零件的相对大小和尺寸、其相对大小关系和/或限定或限制示例性实施例的范围。尽管为清楚起见在以下描述中使用了特定术语，但是这些术语仅旨在指代在图式中被选择用于说明的实施例的特定结构，而不旨在限定或限制本公开的范围。在图式和下文的以下描述中，应理解，相同的附图标记指代具有相同功能的零件。
同样，在具有XYZ轴的标准正交坐标设备上参考横截面，使得Y轴指代前后方向，X轴指代左右方向，Z轴指代上下方向。
现在转向图1A至1B，图1A示出具有图1B中所示的放大部分‘A’的覆层面板的实施例的等距示意图。如所示出，本文提供具有顶面150和基面150'的覆层面板10，覆层面板10包括：石材层100，其具有粗糙外侧(远离橡胶层110)和光滑内侧；以及再生橡胶层110，其以粘合方式(参见例如粘合层101并且以机械方式联接到石材层100的光滑内侧，其中覆层面板10被配置成可滑动地联接到顶部支架151(参见例如图1B)，顶部支架151以机械方式联接到承重墙500的外侧501。如本文所用，术语“粗糙”侧意思是具有在约2mm均方根(rms)至约10mm rms的范围内的粗糙度的外层，而术语“光滑”侧，参考石材层和橡胶层110的光滑侧这两者，意思是具有不超过约1.5mm rms的粗糙度。
如图1B所示，L形的顶部支架151被配置成联接到承重墙500的外侧501。固定构件140i(未示出)以物理方式将再生橡胶层110联接到天然石材层100，使得对于每0.09m2，使用不少于四个机械联接构件将所述再生橡胶层110和(天然)石材层110以机械方式联接。换句话说，无论覆层面板10的大小如何，在实施例中可产生30cm×30cm的网格，从而机械联接构件(例如，螺钉或锚)140i以机械方式插入，通过粘合层101将(天然)石材层100联接到再生橡胶层110。如本文所用，机械联接构件是在实施例中参考其普通字典定义的广义术语，也指钉子、螺钉、棘爪、凸台、锚等。在实施例中，机械联接构件可为例如镀锌螺钉、不锈钢螺钉、肘节螺栓螺钉、搭扣螺栓螺钉或包括前述各者的联接构件组合。此外，如本文所用，“覆层”是广义术语，并且包含其普通字典定义：在建筑物和/或屋顶上构造墙组件。也可以使用其它形状和材料。
如所指示，橡胶层110是一种再生橡胶层，它的独特特性使其能够用于覆层面板10。因此，在实施例中，在本文提供的在覆层面板中使用的并以机械方式联接至(天然)石材层100的再生橡胶层110可制造成具有被配置成邻接(天然)石材层100的光滑内侧的光滑侧。当以机械方式联接时，再生橡胶层110可被配置不小于0.1KN的粘结测试。根据粘结测试方法进行测试，从而通过将粘合剂和机械联接构件施加到由石材层形成的7cm×7cm粘结测试片的中央部分并将用于拉伸测试的附接件(截面为4cm×4cm)粘结到其上来制造测试片。将此测试片放置在粘结测试仪中并在23℃的环境下沿垂直于表面的方向拉，在观察断裂条件的同时读取断裂时的最大拉伸载荷(牛顿(N))。读取值除以面积(16cm2)，商表示为粘结强度(N)。对于每个样本，在多个(～4)测试片上进行上述测试，确定并报告平均值。
此外，再生橡胶层的光滑侧被配置成通过粘合剂邻接石材层的光滑侧，并且仍将橡胶层110和(天然)石材层100之间的静态和动态(换句话说，静态和/或动态)摩擦系数中的至少一个保持在0.05和约2.0之间。再生橡胶层110的密度可被配置成在约50Kg/m3和约3000Kg/m3之间，并且将取决于环境条件和所需隔热性。换句话说，密度可增加以增强隔音，并且密度可降低以增强隔热。
另外，在本文所描述的覆层面板中使用的再生橡胶层的抗压强度(换句话说，覆层面板在失效之前可承受的最大压缩载荷除以其横截面积)可制造成在约0.5MPA和约100MPA之间。在某些实施例中，抗压强度是会影响覆层面板可以达到的定位高度的因素，在所述高度下，根据与使用石材作为外立面材料有关的法规，风载荷可能要求面板抗压。在地震多发地区，这种情况可能会更加严重。
用于再生橡胶层的源橡胶的选择可被配置成产生目标热导率，这将影响覆层面板在用作绝热体时的功效。因此，在实施例中，再生橡胶的热导率在约0.02W/Mk和约2.2W/Mk之间。
现在转向图2A、2B，其与图3A、3B一起示出了在墙500上的覆层面板10的组件，所述墙500具有外墙侧501。如图2A(和对应的顶部支架150A，图3A)所示，L形支架150A经由机械联接构件141j(在这种情况下是水泥板螺钉锚)以机械方式联接到墙500外侧501，尽管取决于覆层面板重量和墙500建筑材料，例如也可使用其它材料。尽管术语“L形”用于描述顶部和/或基部支架的形状，其中垂直部分160(参见例如，支架150A的图3A，与支架的水平部分161相交，不要求支架的形状必须完全是“L”形。例如，不需要尖角，也不需要竖直支腿160和水平支腿161成垂直方向。因此支架150A使用机械联接构件141j通过竖直支腿160联接到墙500外表面501。如所示出，支架150A和/或150B，二者限定设置在支架150A和/或150B的水平支腿161的远端处的远端唇缘162。当面板10可滑动地联接到支架支架150A和/或150B，远端唇缘162被配置成接合限定在石材层100中的架子105(参见例如，图1B、2A、2B)。在实施例中，术语“可滑动地联接”是指元件(例如，远端唇缘162和架子105)以允许一个元件(例如，架子105)相对于另一元件(例如，远端唇缘162)滑动或平移的方式进行联接。另外，在距离L1处限定轨道163，所述轨道163从水平支腿161向基部突出，并且被配置成在再生橡胶层110中与限定在覆层面板10的顶面上的互补通道(未示出)接合。如图3A所示，轨道163可设置在远端唇缘162和竖直支腿160之间的等距离处。
现在转向图1B、2B和3B，示出支架150B，其限定从水平支腿161向基部突出的多个轨道163、164并且所述轨道被配置成与互补通道(未示出)接合，当覆层面板10滑动进入支架150B时，一个轨道在(天然)石材层100中，另一个轨道在再生橡胶层110中。轨道163、164的突出部不必相同，并且轨道164可被配置成突出较少，并与限定在(天然)石材层100中的较浅通道接合。在天然石材层100由相对较弱的石材制成的情况下，这可能是有利的。
在图2A、2B中还示出可任选地安装并邻接再生橡胶层110的隔热泡沫145，以及分隔隔热泡沫面板145的间隔件146。覆层面板可被配置成具有空间155，以允许例如在隔热泡沫面板145和覆层面板10的再生橡胶层110之间截留的水分排出和冷凝。
在实施例中，覆层面板10可进一步被配置成可滑动地联接到第二基部支架152(参见例如图1A)，基部支架152以机械方式联接到承重墙500的外侧501并且与顶部支架150(换句话说，150A或150B)为相同的或不同的。当实现基部支架152时，用互补通道和基部远端唇缘制造覆层面板10(参见例如，105'，图1A)，以允许覆层面板10可滑动地联接到顶部和基部支架。
实例I-覆层面板特性：
■使用建筑粘合剂和4个钉子/螺钉将再生橡胶直接胶合并固定到第一外层(石材)。
■橡胶层厚度在3mm至500mm之间。
■石材厚度在5mm至100mm之间。
■根据以色列规范921和755，再生橡胶板被配置成具有在C1-C4之间和/或A-E之间和/或I-IV之间的防火等级。
图4A至4B示意性地示出流程图，所述流程图详细描述为了实现本文公开的覆层面板所使用的操作。
术语“联接(coupled)”，包含其各种形式例如“可操作地联接(operablycoupling)”、“联接(coupling)”或“可联接的(couplable)”，指代并且包括任何直接或间接的结构联接、连接或附接，或对于此类直接或间接结构或操作联接、连接或附接的适应性和能力，包含整体形成的零件和经由或通过另一零件或通过形成过程进行联接的零件。间接联接可涉及通过中间部件或粘合剂的联接，或者邻接和以其它方式抵靠放置，无论是以摩擦方式还是通过单独的构件而无需任何物理连接。
术语“约”在技术描述和/或权利要求中使用时意思是，数量、大小、配方、参数以及其它数量和特征不是并且不必是精确的，但是根据需要可为近似的和/或更大或更小的，反映公差、转换因子、四舍五入、测量误差等，以及其它本领域技术人员已知的因素。通常，无论是否明确指出，数量、大小、配方、参数或其它数量或特征为“大约”或“近似”，并且可包含所提供的任何范围的端点，包含例如所公开的数量、大小、配方、参数以及其它数量和特征的指示值的±25％、或±20％、具体地是±15％、或±10％、更具体地是±5％。
术语“第一”、“第二”等在本文中不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性，而是用于表示一个元件与另一个元件。术语“一(a/an)”和“所述(the)”在本文中不表示对数量的限制，并且应被解释为涵盖单数和复数两者，除非在本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。本文所用的后缀“(s)”旨在包含其所修饰的术语的单数和复数两者，从而包含所述术语中的一个或多个(例如，支架(bracket(s))包含一个或多个支架)。整个说明书中对“一个实施例”、“另一实施例”、“实施例”等的提及意味着结合所述实施例描述的特定元件(例如特点、结构和/或特征)包含在本文所描述的至少一个实施例中，并且在其它实施例中可能出现或可能不出现。另外，应理解，所描述的元件可以任何合适的方式组合在各种实施例中。
因此，在实施例中，本文提供了具有顶面和基面的覆层面板，其包括：石材层，其具有粗糙外侧和光滑内侧；以及再生橡胶层，其以粘合方式并且以机械方式联接到所述石材层的光滑内侧，其中所述面板被配置成可滑动地联接到顶部支架，所述顶部支架以机械方式联接到承重墙的外侧，其中(i)再生橡胶层具有被配置成邻接石材层的光滑内侧的光滑侧，并且(ii)被配置成通过不小于0.1kN的粘结测试，其中(iii)再生橡胶层和石材层之间的静态和摩擦系数中的至少一个在约0.05和约2.0之间；(iv)再生橡胶层的密度在约50Kg/m3和约3000Kg/m3之间，并且(v)进一步包括夹在再生橡胶层和石材层之间的粘合层，以提供粘合联接，其中(vi)对于每0.09m2，使用不少于四个机械联接构件将再生橡胶层和石材层以机械方式联接，其中(vii)机械联接构件是镀锌螺钉、不锈钢螺钉、肘节螺栓螺钉和搭扣螺栓螺钉中的至少一种，(viii)再生橡胶层的抗压强度在约0.5MPA和约100MPA之间，其中(ix)再生橡胶的热导率在约0.02W/Mk和约2.2W/Mk之间，其中(x)顶部支架具有L形横截面，其中短支腿以机械方式联接到承重墙的外侧，而长支腿被配置成与面板的顶面接合，(xi)面板的顶面进一步限定被配置成与第一轨道接合的第一通道，所述第一轨道从顶部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出，以及(xii)面板的顶面进一步限定被配置成与第二轨道接合的第二通道，所述第二轨道从顶部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出，其中(xiii)面板还被配置成可滑动地联接到基部支架，所述基部支架以机械方式联接到承重墙的外侧，(xiv)基部支架具有L形横截面，其中短支腿以机械方式联接到承重墙的外侧，而长支腿被配置成与面板的基面接合，(xv)进一步限定被配置成与第一轨道接合的第一通道，所述第一轨道从基部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出，以及其中(xvi)面板的基面进一步限定被配置成与第二轨道接合的第二通道，所述第二轨道从基部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出。
虽然已经描述了具体实施例，但是对申请人或其它本领域技术人员来说，可产生目前未预见的或可能未预见的替代、修改、变化、改进和实质等同物。因此，所提交的并且可修改的所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类替代、修改、变化、改进和实质等同物。

Claims (17)

1.一种具有顶面和基面的覆层面板，其包括：
a.具有粗糙外侧和光滑内侧的石材层；以及
b.以粘合方式并且以机械方式联接到所述石材层的所述光滑内侧的再生橡胶层，其中所述面板被配置成能够滑动地联接到顶部支架，所述顶部支架以机械方式联接到承重墙的外侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶层具有被配置成邻接所述石材层的所述光滑内侧的光滑侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶层被配置成通过不小于0.1kN的粘结测试。
4.根据权利要求2所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶层和所述石材层之间的静态和摩擦系数中的至少一个在约0.05和约2.0之间。
5.根据权利要求3所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶层的密度在约50Kg/m3和约3000Kg/m3之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其进一步包括夹在所述再生橡胶层和所述石材层之间的粘合层，以提供粘合联接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的面板，其中对于每0.09m2，使用不少于四个机械联接构件将所述再生橡胶层和所述石材层以机械方式联接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的面板，其中所述机械联接构件是镀锌螺钉、不锈钢螺钉、肘节螺栓螺钉和搭扣螺栓螺钉中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶层的抗压强度在约0.5MPA和约100MPA之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的面板，其中所述再生橡胶的热导率在约0.02W/Mk和约2.2W/Mk之间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中所述顶部支架具有L形横截面，其中短支腿以机械方式联接到所述承重墙的所述外侧，而长支腿被配置成与所述面板的所述顶面接合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的面板，其中所述面板的所述顶面进一步限定被配置成与第一轨道接合的第一通道，所述第一轨道从所述顶部支架的所述L形横截面的所述长支腿向基部突出。
13.根据权利要求11所述的面板，其中所述面板的所述顶面进一步限定被配置成与第二轨道接合的第二通道，所述第二轨道从所述顶部支架的所述L形横截面的所述长支腿向基部突出。
14.根据权利要求12所述的面板，其中所述面板进一步被配置成能够滑动地联接到基部支架，所述基部支架以机械方式联接到承重墙的所述外侧。
15.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中基部支架具有L形横截面，其中短支腿以机械方式联接到所述承重墙的所述外侧，而长支腿被配置成与所述面板的所述基面接合。
16.根据权利要求11所述的面板，其中所述面板的所述基面进一步限定被配置成与第一轨道接合的第一通道，所述第一轨道从基部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出。
17.根据权利要求11所述的面板，其中所述面板的所述基面进一步限定被配置成与第二轨道接合的第二通道，所述第二轨道从基部支架的L形横截面的长支腿向基部突出。
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