CN112770908B - 拒液性薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料 - Google Patents
拒液性薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112770908B CN112770908B CN201980063314.7A CN201980063314A CN112770908B CN 112770908 B CN112770908 B CN 112770908B CN 201980063314 A CN201980063314 A CN 201980063314A CN 112770908 B CN112770908 B CN 112770908B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- repellent
- hydrophilic
- layer
- repellent film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明为发挥优异的拒液性的拒液性薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料,拒液性薄膜或片材具备:基材层(2);粘接层(3),其包含热塑性树脂且形成于基材层(2)的至少一个面;和,拒液层(4),其包含具有拒液性部位的树脂(6)及亲水性颗粒(5)且形成于粘接层(3)的表面。
Description
关联申请
本申请要求于2018年9月27日申请的日本专利申请2018-182147号的优先权,将其援引于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及发挥拒液性的薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料,涉及适合包装容器的盖用、袋子用、蛋糕包装用等用途者。
背景技术
对食品、药品、化妆品、日用品等生活品包装材料用薄膜、片材要求各种功能,强烈要求不易附着具有高粘性的液体、半固体、凝胶状物质等内容物、在接触部分不易残留内容物。若使用防附着功能差的包装材料用薄膜、片材,例如在内容物为蛋糕等的奶油、酸乳酪、布丁、果冻、果子露、米粉团的佐料汁之类的食品时,以在包装材料用薄膜、片材上有附着/残留的状态被废弃,产生食品浪费的问题、妨碍塑料再循环的促进的问题。另外还存在如下问题:在取出内容物时,附着于包装用薄膜、片材的内容物污染手、衣服或周边的问题。另外,若对残留有内容物的包装材料用薄膜、片材置之不理,会带来各种不良影响,如产生腐败、异臭或者招来虫子等。即使少、但能够减少包装材料用薄膜、片材上附着的内容物量的技术是非常重要的。
例如,专利文献1记载了:通过将聚烯烃系树脂片材加工出凸形状、并且在其上实施拒液性涂覆,由此可得到具有防附着功能的包装材料用薄膜、片材。并且有如下说明:与水、色拉油、洗手液等的接触角、滚落角超过了一定基准。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2016/039379号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是,专利文献1的发明中,在片材上赋予凸形状时使用昂贵的设备,因此制造成本高,另外,为了在片材上赋予凸形状,片材被限定为加工性良好的烯烃系树脂,另外,为了赋予凸形状,需要最低50μm的厚度,不能用于使用薄的片材的用途,由于在基材片上加工出20μm以上的较大凸形状,存在光容易散射、透明性差等各种问题。
本发明的目的在于,提供发挥优异的拒液性的拒液性薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明的一方式的拒液性薄膜或片材具备:
基材层;
粘接层,其包含热塑性树脂且形成于上述基材层的至少一个面;和
拒液层,其包含具有拒液性部位的树脂及亲水性颗粒且形成于上述粘接层的表面。
根据该拒液性薄膜或片材,在基材层的面上设置有由含有热塑性树脂的树脂组合物形成的粘接层,在该粘接层的表面设置有包含具有拒液性部位的树脂和亲水性颗粒的拒液层,因此拒液层的拒液性得到维持。特别地,在粘接层的表面由数量众多的亲水性颗粒形成细小的凹凸结构,并且该凹凸结构被氟系共聚物树脂等具有拒液性部位的树脂覆盖,因此拒液层能够发挥优异的拒液性。
需要说明的是,本说明书中,拒液性是指发挥拒水性和拒油性这两者的特性。
另一方面,粘接层可以含有亲水性二氧化硅颗粒。这种情况下,拒液层的亲水性颗粒在粘接层的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒的表面形成凹凸结构,由此整体上成为较大的凹凸结构,提高拒液性。
另外,粘接层的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒的最小粒径可以大于拒液层的亲水性颗粒的最大粒径。这种情况下,通过使粘接层上的拒液层中所含的亲水性颗粒小于粘接层的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒,从而两者所形成的凹凸结构整体上成为起伏明显的凹凸结构,有进一步提高拒液性的效果。需要说明的是,粘接层的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒可以是多孔性的颗粒。
在拒液层中,具有拒液性部位的树脂可以是拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物。另外,该共聚物可以是嵌段共聚物。在这些构成的情况下,特别是可以提供适于防止O/W型乳液附着的拒液性薄膜或片材。覆盖亲水性颗粒的共聚物树脂的亲水性部位吸引乳液的连续相的水,因此容易防止乳液中的胶束接触拒液层而遭破坏的情况。另外,由于共聚物树脂存在拒液性部位,因此还容易防止所吸引的水润湿拒液层。而且,将拒液性薄膜或片材从O/W型乳液剥离时、从拒液性薄膜或片材去除O/W型乳液时,共聚物树脂的拒液性部位可防止O/W型乳液的附着,因此O/W型乳液不易残留于拒液性薄膜或片材。特别地,即使在拒液性薄膜或片材长时间持续接触O/W型乳液后,也能够发挥防止O/W型乳液附着的功能。
需要说明的是,在使用一实施例的拒液性薄膜实施蛋糕奶油的附着试验时,确认与蛋糕奶油接触的表面发生了结露。
拒液层中,亲水性颗粒可以是二氧化硅微粒。这种情况下,可以提供比亲水性颗粒拒液性更优异的拒液性薄膜或片材。
另外,亲水性颗粒的平均一次粒径可以为7~40nm。这种情况下,亲水性颗粒成为适度聚集的状态,具有拒液性部位的树脂被保存在该聚集体中的空隙中,因此进一步改善拒液性。
拒液层中的亲水性颗粒与具有拒液性部位的树脂的含量的比率可以为30:70质量%~70:30质量%。这种情况下,在亲水性颗粒的比例小于30质量%时,拒液层的微细的凸形状变少,因此拒液性变得不充分,在超过70质量%时,拒液层的具有拒液性部位的树脂未彻底覆盖亲水性颗粒,一部分会出现在最外表面,由此,拒液性差及亲水性颗粒脱落的可能性变高。
另外,拒液层的表面接触油酸时的接触角可以为130度以上。这种情况下,可得到实用的拒液性。
本发明的另一方式的包装材料是使用上述拒液性薄膜或片材而得到的。另外,本发明的另一方式的包装容器使用上述拒液性薄膜或片材作为盖材。上述拒液性薄膜或片材可以为袋子用薄膜或片材。另外,上述拒液性薄膜或片材可以为蛋糕包装用薄膜或片材。
发明的效果
如上所述,根据本发明能够提供发挥优异的拒液性的拒液性薄膜或片材、及使用其的包装材料。
附图说明
图1为第一实施方式的拒液性薄膜的概略剖视图。
图2为第二实施方式的拒液性薄膜的概略剖视图。
图3的(A)、(B)分别为上述拒液性薄膜中使用的氟系共聚物树脂的结构图的一例。
图4为示意性示出上述拒液性薄膜的拒液层的表面的图。
图5为实施例1的样品的1000倍及20000倍的电子显微镜照片。
图6为实施例2的样品的1000倍及20000倍的电子显微镜照片。
图7为实施例4的样品的3500倍、10000倍及50000倍的电子显微镜照片。
图8为实施例5的样品的另一电子显微镜照片。
图9的(A)为实施例5的样品的电子显微镜照片,(B)~(D)分别为示出F元素、Si元素及C元素的分布的图像。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图详细说明本发明的优选的实施方式。
图1为第一实施方式的拒液性薄膜的概略剖视图。如图1所示,拒液性薄膜1具备:基材层2;粘接层3,其形成于该基材层2的一个面;拒液层4,其形成于该粘接层3的表面。
基材层2只要是构成基材、成为支撑体的物质就没有特别限制,例如,具有至少1层以上的由包含树脂的薄膜、纸、或金属箔形成的层。作为包含树脂的薄膜,可使用选自苯乙烯系树脂、烯烃系树脂、聚酯系树脂、尼龙系树脂、乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物及丙烯酸系树脂中的至少1种的树脂薄膜。在基材层2为多层时,其层叠方法没有特别限定,可以使用干式层压法、湿式层压法、热层压法等。另外,可以对基材层2实施无机/金属蒸镀处理等。可以对基材层2实施印刷,其印刷方式也没有特别限定,可以使用凹版印刷、胶版印刷、丝网印刷等公知的印刷方式。
基材层2的厚度没有特别限定,制成薄膜时通常使用1~200μm的厚度,制成片材时通常使用200~10000μm左右的厚度。
粘接层3由包含热塑性树脂的树脂组合物形成,作为热塑性树脂,没有特别限定,可使用聚酯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、尼龙、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚缩醛、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸类/苯乙烯共聚物、醋酸纤维素、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯等。
粘接层3的厚度没有特别限定,优选为0.5~1.5μm。
粘接层3如下形成:在基材层2上涂布使热塑性树脂溶解或分散于溶剂而成的粘接层涂液并进行干燥,从而形成。作为溶剂,只要可溶解或分散所使用的热塑性树脂即可,没有特别限定,包括正己烷、环己烷、甲苯、苯、二甲苯等烃类、丙酮、甲乙酮(MEK)等酮类、醇类等。
拒液层4为具有拒液性的层,以覆盖粘接层3的表面的方式形成。拒液层4通过将含有亲水性颗粒5和具有拒液性部位的树脂6的拒液层涂液涂布于粘接层3的表面并进行干燥而形成。作为亲水性颗粒5,包括钛氧化物、锌氧化物、铝氧化物(氧化铝)等亲水性氧化物微粒,其中特别优选亲水性二氧化硅微粒。
亲水性颗粒5与具有拒液性部位的树脂6的比例优选为30:70质量%~70:30质量%。亲水性颗粒5的比例小于30质量%时,拒液层4的微细的凸形状少,因此拒液性差。另一方面,为超过70质量%的量时,拒液层4的具有拒液性部位的树脂6不能覆盖全部亲水性颗粒5,亲水性颗粒5会出现在最外表面,从而拒液性差及亲水性颗粒5脱落的可能性变高。
亲水性颗粒5的粒径优选平均一次粒径为7~40nm。通过将平均一次粒径设为上述范围,从而亲水性颗粒5成为适度聚集的状态,能够将具有拒液性部位的树脂6保存在该聚集体中的空隙内,因此能够得到优异的拒液性。
拒液层4的厚度没有特别限定,可以为0.1~1.5μm。另外,拒液性与油酸接触时的接触角为130度以上是优选的。小于130度时,得不到实用的拒液性。
拒液层4如下形成:在粘接层3上涂布使亲水性颗粒5和具有拒液性部位的树脂6溶解或分散于溶剂而成的拒液层涂液并进行干燥,从而形成。作为溶剂,只要可溶解或分散所使用的亲水性颗粒5和具有拒液性部位的树脂6即可,没有特别限定,包括水、乙醇、异丙醇(IPA)、正丁醇等醇类等。
根据本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1,在基材层2的面上设置有由含有热塑性树脂的树脂组合物形成的粘接层3,在该粘接层3的表面设置有含有亲水性颗粒5和具有拒液性部位的树脂6的拒液层4,因此基于拒液层4的拒液性得以维持。特别地,粘接层3的表面上通过数量众多的亲水性颗粒5而形成有细小的凹凸结构,该凹凸结构被具有拒液性部位的树脂6覆盖,因此拒液层4能够发挥优异的拒液性。
另外,相对于以往的在烯烃基材上预先实施凸形状的加工、在其上涂布拒液性涂料的方式,本实施方式的在基材层2上设置粘接层3、在其上涂布拒液层涂料的方式由于不需要用于对基材层2进行凸加工的昂贵设备,另外也不需要该工序,因此成本降低。以往的拒液性薄膜为了在基材上形成凸形状而导致基材仅限于加工性良好的烯烃树脂,与此相对地,本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1由于不进行基材加工而能够使用各种树脂种类的基材层2。另外,以往的拒液性薄膜在基材不具有最低20μm以上的起伏时不发挥凸形状的拒液效果,而本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1由于不在基材层2上设置凸形状,因此能够将整体的薄膜厚度设为较薄。
进一步地,以往的拒液性薄膜由于对基材进行加工而设置20μm以上的凸形状,会产生由光散射引起的透明性劣化,与此相对地,本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1不存在较大的凸形状,因此保持高透明性。另外,拒液层4中的空隙非常少也是拒液性薄膜1的高透明性的原因。
根据以上,本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1即使不在基材层2上形成凸形状也维持了良好的拒液性能,能够实现透明性的改善和成本降低。
需要说明的是,本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1适合生活品包装材料用薄膜或片材。例如,可以利用本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1作为装有食品、化妆品、洗剂、洗发水、护发素等的袋子用的包装材料、或作为例如酸乳酪、布丁、果冻等的食品容器的盖材用的包装材料。另外,还可以利用本实施方式的拒液性薄膜1作为使用了奶油的蛋糕用的包装材料、米粉团等需要有粘性的佐料汁的食品用的包装材料。
图2为第二实施方式的拒液性薄膜的概略剖视图。如图2所示,拒液性薄膜11具备:基材层2;粘接层13,其形成于该基材层2的一个面;和拒液层4,其形成于该粘接层13的表面。
粘接层13为与第一实施方式同样的包含热塑性树脂8的树脂组合物,还包含亲水性二氧化硅颗粒(也称为亲水性二氧化硅微珠。)7。亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7包括结晶性二氧化硅、非晶性二氧化硅(干式二氧化硅、湿式二氧化硅、硅胶等),没有特别限定,可以适宜地使用公知的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒。亲水性二氧化硅颗粒的形状没有特别限定,可以选择多面体、凹凸形等各种形状。另外,可以使用多孔性的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒。
粘接层13如下形成:在基材层2上涂布使亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7及热塑性树脂8溶解或分散于溶剂而成的粘接层涂液并进行干燥,从而形成。
粘接层13的厚度没有特别限定,与所含的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7的粒径相比稍小。亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7不是完全埋入热塑性树脂8中,而是形成亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7的一部分从热塑性树脂8露出的状态。
关于粘接层13的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7和拒液层4的亲水性颗粒5各自的粒径,优选亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7的最小粒径大于亲水性颗粒5的最大粒径。亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7的最小粒径为亲水性颗粒5的最大粒径的例如50倍以上、优选为150倍以上。通过使粘接层13上的拒液层4中所含的亲水性颗粒5小于粘接层13的亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7,从而在亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7的表面上亲水性颗粒5形成凹凸结构,由此整体上成为起伏明显的凹凸结构,有进一步提高拒液性的效果。
就第一实施方式的拒液性薄膜1而言,作为基材层2未进行凸形状加工所带来的缺点,在仅拒液层4的微小的凸形状的情况下拒液性稍稍不足。因此,本实施方式的拒液性薄膜11通过使用亲水性颗粒5来代替以往的疏水性氧化物微粒以谋求拒液性的改善,并且还向粘接层13中加入亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7而使拒液层4形成具有微小的凸形状的大的凹凸结构,进一步改善了拒液性能。其结果是,能够维持与以往在基材上形成较大的凸形状时同等的拒液性能。
第二实施方式的拒液性薄膜11中,拒液层4的具有拒液性部位的树脂6可以为拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物。在为该构成时,可适宜地得到适于防止现磨咖啡等O/W型乳液附着的拒液性薄膜。
图3示出拒液层4的拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物树脂的结构。图3的(A)为包含拒液性部位的聚合物61与包含亲水性部位的聚合物62的嵌段共聚物的概略结构。作为拒液性部位,由氟树脂形成的拒液性部位(全氟烷基、多氟烷基、全氟聚醚基等)是适宜的,也可以使用除氟以外的拒液性部位。另外,作为亲水性部位,可以使用羟基、羧基、氨基、氧亚乙基等。这样的嵌段共聚物覆盖亲水性颗粒时,在空气气氛下,由于其表面自由能的关系,包含拒液性部位的共聚物61发生表面取向。另外,包含亲水性部位的共聚物62与硅醇基等具有表面亲水性的亲水性颗粒(二氧化硅微粒等)的亲和性高,有助于嵌段共聚物与亲水性颗粒的结合。特别优选采用图3(B)那样的拒液性部位(61)-亲水性部位(62)-拒液性部位(61)型的三嵌段共聚物。
在此,在下式(式1)中列举出构成本实施方式的拒液性薄膜11中能够采用的拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物树脂的拒液性部位中包含氟树脂的例子。
另外,在下式(式2)中列举出构成本实施方式的拒液性薄膜11中能够采用的拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物树脂的亲水性部位的例子。
在此,式中的R表示氢或期望不多于6个的烷基。n为整数。
用图4说明本实施方式的拒液性薄膜11对现磨咖啡的防附着性。图4示意性示出拒液性薄膜11的拒液层的表面。预测拒液层4的拒液性部位的聚合物61向外侧取向,亲水性部位的聚合物62向亲水性颗粒5(或亲水性二氧化硅颗粒7)侧取向。并且,亲水性部位吸引作为现磨咖啡的连续相的水(或水蒸气),因此容易防止现磨咖啡中的胶束接触拒液层而遭破坏的情况。另外,共聚物树脂6中存在拒液性部位的聚合物61,因此还容易防止所吸引的水润湿拒液层4。而且认为,从拒液性薄膜11去除现磨咖啡时,共聚物树脂6的拒液性部位的聚合物61的存在防止了现磨咖啡的附着,现磨咖啡不易残留于拒液性薄膜11。特别地,即使拒液性薄膜11长时间持续接触现磨咖啡后,也能发挥防止现磨咖啡附着的功能。
如果本实施方式的拒液性薄膜11的共聚物树脂6仅包含拒液性部位,与水相比,胶束对拒液性部位的亲和性高,胶束与拒液层接触的可能性高。可认为,于是胶束遭到破坏,现磨咖啡的防附着性下降。与此相对地,如果使用拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物、特别是含有拒液性部位的聚合物61与含有亲水性部位的聚合物62的嵌段共聚物作为拒液层4的共聚物树脂6,则该亲水性部位吸引作为现磨咖啡等O/W型乳液的连续相的水,产生降低胶束与拒液层接触的可能性的效果,结果是,得到对O/W型乳液的防附着性优异的拒液性薄膜。
或者,还可认为:由于在拒液性部位及亲水性部位的嵌段共聚物中可观察到的“Flip-Flop現象”,在与现磨咖啡接触时,亲水性部位的聚合物向现磨咖啡侧取向,由此该亲水性部位吸引作为现磨咖啡的连续相的水。
总之,使用拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物作为拒液层的共聚物树脂6的结果是,可得到对O/W型乳液的防附着性优异的拒液性薄膜。
另外,根据第二实施方式的拒液性薄膜11,虽然省略了说明,但是可得到与对于第一实施方式的拒液性薄膜1所说明的效果相同的效果。
实施例
通过以下的实施例进一步详细地说明本发明,但是本发明不受这些例子限定。
<实施例1>
作为基材,使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET,厚度12μm)。对于该基材,预先在薄膜表面上实施易粘接涂覆,将其作为粘接层。拒液层使用平均一次粒径为12nm的作为市售品的亲水性气相二氧化硅微粒作为亲水性颗粒,使用氟系共聚物树脂作为拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物树脂,如表1那样配混溶剂。将表1的拒液层涂液A(1)以厚度0.7g/m2涂布在基材上,在100℃下干燥约2秒,由此制作样品。
[表1]
<实施例2>
作为基材,使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(厚度50μm)。按照表2的配方制作粘接层涂液B(1)。在此,粒径3μm的亲水性二氧化硅微珠使用了市售品。粘接层的涂布量设为1.3g/m2。
除了包含拒液层以外,与实施例1同样进行,制作在粘接层的表面形成有拒液层的样品。
[表2]
<实施例3>
作为基材,使用聚丙烯(PP,厚度60μm)。按照表3的配方制作粘接层涂液B(2)。粘接层的涂布量设为1.2g/m2。
除了包含拒液层以外,与实施例1同样进行,制作在粘接层的表面形成有拒液层的样品。
[表3]
<实施例4>
作为基材,使用聚丙烯(厚度20μm)。使用与实施例3相同的粘接层涂液B(2),以0.8g/m2的涂布量形成粘接层。另外,使用与实施例1的拒液层涂液A(1)同等的拒液层涂液,在粘接层的表面以厚度0.8g/m2进行涂布,与实施例1同样地制作样品。
<实施例5>
作为基材,使用聚丙烯(厚度40μm)。使用与实施例3相同的粘接层涂液B(2),以1.1g/m2的涂布量形成粘接层。另外,使用与实施例1的拒液层涂液A(1)同等的拒液层涂液,在粘接层的表面以厚度0.6g/m2进行涂布,与实施例1同样地制作样品。
<比较例1>
将拒液层的亲水性颗粒变更为作为市售品的疏水性二氧化硅微粒(平均一次粒径12nm),除此以外与实施例1同样地制作样品。拒液层涂液A(2)按照表4的配方。其中,拒液层涂液A(2)的涂布量设为0.4g/m2。
[表4]
<比较例2>
作为基材,使用聚丙烯(厚度500μm),在基材上形成高度89μm的凸形状。在此基础上,以表5的配方制作拒液层涂液A(3)。将拒液层涂液A(3)以厚度0.7g/m2涂布在基材上,在100℃下干燥约2秒,由此制作样品。
[表5]
<评价方法>
按照下述方法对实施例1~3及比较例1、2的样品进行试验、评价。
(1)水的接触角:在拒液性薄膜上放纯水10μL,用接触角计CA-DT(协和界面科学公司制)进行测定。
(2)油的接触角:在拒液性薄膜上放油酸10μL,用接触角计CA-DT(协和界面科学公司制)进行测定。
(3)透明性:用雾度试验机“NDH-5000”(日本电色工业公司制)测定拒液性薄膜的雾度(haze)。另外,同样地对拒液性薄膜中使用的基材本身测定雾度(haze)。
另外,对于实施例1、2、4及5的样品的表面,实施以下的项目。
(4)电子显微镜观察
对于实施例5,还实施了以下的项目。
(5)基于能量色散型X射线分析(EDX)的元素分析
进一步地,对于实施例1~3、5及比较例1、2的样品,进行了下述测定。
(6)现磨咖啡的附着量:
打开市售品的现磨咖啡(杯子)的容器的盖子,放入预先测定了重量的样品,翻转而使现磨咖啡接触样品,以该状态静置。1分钟后翻转而剥离样品,测定该样品的重量。将与现磨咖啡接触之前和之后的样品重量差作为现磨咖啡的附着量。关于所使用的现磨咖啡的物性,22℃下的表面张力值为35~38mN/m,粘度为10~50mPa·s。在此,使用表面张力计CBVP-Z(协和界面科学公司制)测定了表面张力值。另外,使用B型粘度计6L/R(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司制)测定了粘度。
[表6]
如表6,实施例1的拒液性薄膜的雾度值为13.3%,几乎透明,水的接触角为154度,油的接触角为133度,确保了充分的拒液性。
实施例2的拒液性薄膜的水的接触角为153度、油的接触角为135度,通过向粘接层添加亲水性二氧化硅微珠而确保了拒液性的改善。雾度值为29.9%,虽然稍差,但也确保了必要的透明性。
实施例3的拒液性薄膜将基材变更为聚丙烯,但是确保了与实施例2几乎同样的拒液性和透明性。
另一方面,比较例1的薄膜由于在拒液层中未加入亲水性二氧化硅微粒、而加入了疏水性二氧化硅微粒,因此水的接触角为135度、油的接触角为97度,拒液性大幅恶化,不能用于拒液用途。
比较例2的拒液性薄膜的水的接触角为157度、油的接触角为140度,良好,但是雾度值为74.5%,透明性变差,不能用于需要透明性的用途。
由图5的实施例1的电子显微镜照片(1000倍)可知,表面平滑。另外,由该图的放大电子显微镜照片(20000倍)可知,由数量众多的亲水性二氧化硅微粒形成了细小的凹凸结构。
图6的实施例2的电子显微镜照片(1000倍)中,粘接层中存在亲水性二氧化硅微珠,因此在表面可观察到由亲水性二氧化硅微珠引起的较大的凸结构。另外,该图的亲水性二氧化硅微珠部分的放大电子显微镜照片(20000倍)中,在亲水性二氧化硅微珠的表面也可观察到由数量众多的亲水性二氧化硅微粒引起的细小的凹凸结构。由此可知,实施例2中可以在较大的凸结构上进一步确认到小的凹凸结构,整体上形成了起伏明显的微细凹凸结构。
图7为实施例4的样品的高倍率的电子显微镜照片。以散布在基材表面的粒径3μm的亲水性二氧化硅微珠的表面呈半球状而露出的方式形成了粘接层。并且该二氧化硅微珠的表面被粒径12nm的亲水性二氧化硅微粒覆盖了一部分,形成了微细的凹凸结构。二氧化硅微珠的一部分表面未被亲水性二氧化硅微粒覆盖。
图8为从斜上方观察实施例5的样品的表面而得的电子显微镜照片。可以三维观察亲水性二氧化硅微珠的形状。亲水性二氧化硅微珠中,下方部的二氧化硅微粒的聚集较多,越往顶部二氧化硅微粒的聚集越少。亲水性二氧化硅微珠的约30%被埋没,从而亲水性二氧化硅微珠的密合性得以维持。本发明中,微珠的粒径比较小,因此不易发生光的散射,得到高的透射率。
图9示出实施例5的样品的电子显微镜照片和各元素的分布图像。将图9的(A)的电子显微镜照片的白框内(亲水性二氧化硅微珠的部分)的F元素、Si元素及C元素的分布图像(EDX)示于图9的(B)~(D)。分布图像中,明亮的部分处分布有较多对象元素。
根据图9的(A)的电子显微镜照片,可知二氧化硅微珠的一部分表面被亲水性二氧化硅微粒覆盖、二氧化硅微珠的一部分表面未被微粒覆盖覆。另一方面,根据图9的(B)的F元素分布图像,在未附着微粒的位置处观察到氟元素。作为本发明的拒液性薄膜的特征,可列举亲水性二氧化硅微珠表面的未附着二氧化硅微粒的位置处氟系树脂的分布较多。这样的氟系树脂分布可认为是拒液性优异的原因。
另外,根据图9的(D)的C元素分布图像,可知在二氧化硅微珠的周围C元素的分布较多。C元素可以说是表示作为粘结剂的热塑性树脂的特征,可以说二氧化硅微珠被热塑性树脂牢固固定。
表7示出各样品的现磨咖啡的附着量。特别是实施例2,3及5的样品,与比较例2相比得到了同等水平的非常优异的O/W型乳液的防附着性。另外可知,实施例1的样品虽然比比较例2差,但是得到了与比较例1同等水平以上的防附着性。
[表7]
另外,将10μL现磨咖啡对实施例5的样品的接触角的测定值示于表8。与未涂布粘接层及拒液层的实施例5的基材本身的聚丙烯薄膜相比,与基材本身的测定值的差异明显,可知得到了对现磨咖啡的良好的拒液性。
[表8]
<奶油附着试验>
然后,通过下述方法对各样品进行试验、评价。
(A)奶油附着试验:将市售品冷冻酥饼在室温下解冻,将实施例1~3的各样品(大小55mm×70mm)贴到酥饼圆周部,冷藏保管72小时,测定附着量。测定贴到蛋糕圆周部之前和之后的样品的重量,将其差值作为附着量。将测定结果示于表9。
(B)奶油附着试验:在亚克力板上放奶油3g,用实施例4、5的各样品(大小60mm×60mm)盖上,测定10分钟后的附着量。将测定结果示于表10。
可知:在任一奶油附着试验中,与未处理的基材本身相比都能够降低奶油在样品上的附着。可知:特别是粘接层包含二氧化硅微珠的实施例2~5的样品的附着量大幅降低。
[表9]
[表10]
附图标记说明
1、11 ···拒液性薄膜
2 ···基材层
3、13 ···粘接层
4 ···拒液层
5 ···亲水性颗粒
6 ···具有拒液性部位的树脂
7 ···亲水性二氧化硅颗粒
8 ···热塑性树脂
61 ···拒液性部位的聚合物
62 ···亲水性部位的聚合物
Claims (13)
1.一种拒液性薄膜或片材,其具备:
基材层;
粘接层,其包含热塑性树脂和亲水性二氧化硅颗粒,且形成于所述基材层的至少一个面;和
拒液层,其包含具有拒液性部位的树脂及亲水性颗粒且形成于所述粘接层的表面,
所述拒液层的所述亲水性颗粒在所述亲水性二氧化硅颗粒的表面形成有凹凸结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述粘接层的所述亲水性二氧化硅颗粒的最小粒径大于所述拒液层的亲水性颗粒的最大粒径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述具有拒液性部位的树脂为拒液性部位及亲水性部位的共聚物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述共聚物为嵌段共聚物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其适于防止O/W型乳液的附着。
6.根据权利要求3所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述亲水性颗粒为二氧化硅微粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述亲水性颗粒的平均一次粒径为7~40nm。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述拒液层中的所述亲水性颗粒与所述具有拒液性部位的树脂的含量的比率为30:70质量%~70:30质量%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述拒液层的表面与油酸接触时的接触角为130度以上。
10.根据权利要求8所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述拒液性薄膜或片材为袋子用薄膜或片材。
11.根据权利要求8所述的拒液性薄膜或片材,其中,所述拒液性薄膜或片材为蛋糕包装用薄膜或片材。
12.一种包装材料,其使用权利要求1~11中任一项所述的拒液性薄膜或片材而得到。
13.一种包装容器,其使用权利要求1~11中任一项所述的拒液性薄膜或片材作为盖材。
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