CN112724394B - 纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法 - Google Patents

纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112724394B
CN112724394B CN202011579214.0A CN202011579214A CN112724394B CN 112724394 B CN112724394 B CN 112724394B CN 202011579214 A CN202011579214 A CN 202011579214A CN 112724394 B CN112724394 B CN 112724394B
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cellulose
urea
alkali
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白维坤
孙露霞
张莉萍
周永振
郭怀泉
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Shandong Inov New Material Co Ltd
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    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,属于聚醚多元醇改性技术领域。本发明所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,是在低温环境下将纤维素溶解在碱和尿素的水溶液中,以纤维素、尿素和液体小分子醇作为起始剂,在碱的催化作用下,与环氧丙烷进行聚合反应,得到所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇。本发明设计科学合理,降低了成本,安全环保,拓展了纤维素的应用范围,纤维素转化率高,无残留。

Description

纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,属于聚醚多元醇改性技术领域。
背景技术
纤维素是地球上储量最大的可再生生物质资源,其来源非常广泛,具有生物可降解性、生物相容性,有望成为未来主要的化工原料之一,并在材料领域有广泛的应用前景。纤维素作为高分子原材料主要有以下应用:如作为木材应用于建筑材料,棉麻纤维等用于纺织材料,及用于造纸等;将纤维素进行一系列的化学反应和转化,得到以纤维素为基础的丝或膜的纤维素衍生物材料,用于工业生产或是日用品。将纤维素降解为小分子的有机化合物,如糖类或醇类,用于生产生物乙醇或生物柴油等,可作为石油原料的替代物。但是,由于其结构上具有高结晶性和含有复杂的氢键,纤维素难溶于一般的溶剂,其难溶性极大地制约了纤维素的发展和应用。
聚醚多元醇是聚氨酯工业的重要原料,广泛用于家电保温、管道保温、夹芯板材、汽车内饰、涂料等领域。聚醚多元醇是由起始剂(具有活泼氢基团的化合物)与环氧化合物(环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷)经过加成聚合反应制得。目前使用广泛的起始剂包括蔗糖、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺等。
由于纤维素的极难溶解性,未见有将纤维素直接液化用于聚醚多元醇合成方面的文献资料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其设计科学合理,降低了成本,安全环保,拓展了纤维素的应用范围,纤维素转化率高,无残留。
本发明所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,是在低温环境下将纤维素溶解在碱和尿素的水溶液中,以纤维素、尿素和液体小分子醇作为起始剂,在碱的催化作用下,与环氧丙烷进行聚合反应,得到所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,具体的,包括以下步骤:
(1)纤维素的溶解:取纤维素,投入到碱和尿素的水溶剂体系,在-10~-15℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到碱、尿素、纤维素的水溶液;
(2)低温段聚合反应:将碱、尿素、纤维素水溶液加入反应釜内,再加入液体小分子醇起始剂,氮气置换后升温,控制温度75~85℃,滴加环氧丙烷,熟化;
(3)溶剂水的脱除:熟化完毕后,升温至90~105℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;
(4)高温段聚合反应:控制温度为105~110℃,继续滴加剩余的环氧丙烷,熟化;
(5)粗聚醚后处理:粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得到所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇。
优选的,碱为氢氧化钠。
优选的,步骤(1)水溶剂体系中,碱质量占比为5~10wt%,尿素质量占比为8~14wt%。
优选的,碱、尿素、纤维素水溶液中碱、尿素、纤维素的质量比为6~8:9~13:5。
优选的,液体小分子醇为甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇或丙二醇。
优选的,纤维素、液体小分子醇的加入量与环氧丙烷加入总量的质量比为1:0.5~5:10~30。
优选的,步骤(2)和步骤(4)中环氧丙烷的质量用量之比为1:0.1-10。
优选的,纤维素的分子质量为<3*105的天然纤维素。
在低温下,溶剂中的尿素、纤维素大分子之间通过氢键驱动自组装形成管道包合物,由此把纤维素分子带入水溶液中;氢氧化钠/尿素/水溶液在低温条件下可能会形成大的溶剂分子集团,使得纤维素分子内、分子间的氢键被弱化,尿素中(—NH—)与纤维素分子形成氢键,从而使之溶解。本发明使用纤维素及尿素作起始剂,简单的合成出了纤维素聚醚多元醇。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明选择了一种高效溶解纤维素的溶剂体系,该溶剂成本低、制备简单、安全环保;
(2)本发明选择的溶剂中的溶质同时作为聚醚合成过程中的催化剂及起始剂;
(3)本发明有效拓展了纤维素的应用范围,具有一定的经济价值;
(4)本发明制备的纤维素聚醚多元醇,纤维素转化率高,无残留;
(5)利用本发明制备的纤维素聚醚多元醇,制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,可以有效保证聚氨酯硬质泡沫不粉化和低收缩性;制备聚氨酯软质泡沫,可以提高产品的硬度及拉伸性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实施例中所用原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
将纤维素(分子质量0.7*10^5)25g,投入到8wt%NaOH和12wt%尿素的500g水溶剂体系中,在10±5℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到NaOH、尿素、纤维素水溶液。将该溶液加入到2.5L的聚合反应釜中,再加入26g二乙二醇,对聚合反应釜冲压检测确保密封性良好,氮气置换后抽真空至最低真空度-0.093MPa,控制温度在80±5℃,滴加环氧丙烷,至加入的环氧丙烷量为360g时,停止进环氧丙烷,熟化完毕后,升温至100±5℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;脱水完毕,控制温度为108±2℃,继续滴加220g环氧丙烷,滴加完毕进行熟化,得到粗聚醚;然后粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所合成的纤维素聚醚指标列入表1。
实施例2
将纤维素(分子质量0.7*10^5)20g,投入到8wt%NaOH和12wt%尿素的500g水溶剂体系中,在5±5℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到NaOH、尿素、纤维素水溶液。将该溶液加入到2.5L的聚合反应釜中,再加入26g二乙二醇,对聚合反应釜冲压检测确保密封性良好,氮气置换后抽真空至最低真空度-0.093MPa,控制温度在80±5℃,滴加环氧丙烷,至加入的环氧丙烷量为360g时,停止进环氧丙烷,熟化完毕后,升温至95±5℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;脱水完毕,控制温度为108±2℃,继续滴加220g环氧丙烷,滴加完毕进行熟化,得到粗聚醚;然后粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所合成的纤维素聚醚指标列入表1。
实施例3
将纤维素(分子质量0.7*10^5)15g,投入到8wt%NaOH和12wt%尿素的500g水溶剂体系中,在-5±5℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到NaOH、尿素、纤维素水溶液。将该溶液加入到2.5L的聚合反应釜中,再加入26g二乙二醇,对聚合反应釜冲压检测确保密封性良好,氮气置换后抽真空至最低真空度-0.093MPa,控制温度在80±5℃,滴加环氧丙烷,至加入的环氧丙烷量为360g时,停止进环氧丙烷,熟化完毕后,升温至95±5℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;脱水完毕,控制温度为108±2℃,继续滴加520g环氧丙烷,滴加完毕进行熟化,得到粗聚醚;然后粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所合成的纤维素聚醚指标列入表1。
实施例4
将纤维素(分子质量0.7*10^5)20g,投入到8wt%NaOH和12wt%尿素的500g水溶剂体系中,在-5±5℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到NaOH、尿素、纤维素水溶液。将该溶液加入到2.5L的聚合反应釜中,再加入23g甘油,对聚合反应釜冲压检测确保密封性良好,氮气置换后抽真空至最低真空度-0.093MPa,控制温度在80±5℃,滴加环氧丙烷,至加入的环氧丙烷量为360g时,停止进环氧丙烷,熟化完毕后,升温至95±5℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;脱水完毕,控制温度为107±2℃,继续滴加520g环氧丙烷,滴加完毕进行熟化,得到粗聚醚;然后粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所合成的纤维素聚醚指标列入表1。
对比例1
将纤维素(分子质量0.7*10^5)20g,二乙二醇26g,尿素60g,NaOH 40g加入到2.5L的聚合反应釜中,对聚合反应釜冲压检测确保密封性良好,氮气置换后抽真空至最低真空度-0.093MPa,控制温度在80±5℃,滴加环氧丙烷,至加入的环氧丙烷量为360g时,停止进环氧丙烷,熟化完毕后,升温至107±2℃,继续滴加220g环氧丙烷,滴加完毕进行熟化,得到粗聚醚;然后粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得纤维素聚醚多元醇。
所合成的纤维素聚醚指标列入表1。
表1实施例与对比例制得的聚醚指标
Figure BDA0002863973430000041
通过实施例1~4可以看出,通过我们的制备方法较好的设计合成出了不同羟值的纤维素聚醚多元醇;通过实施例1~4与对比例1可以看出,本发明可以有效解决纤维素的溶解问题,并使纤维素与氧化烯烃较好的反应,最终制备出合适的纤维素聚醚多元醇。对比例1理论上可以合成聚醚多元醇,但是由于纤维素并未参与反应,导致该聚醚多元醇外观浑浊,指标完全偏离预期,属于失败的样品。
通过本发明方法制备的纤维素聚醚多元醇可以用于聚氨酯硬泡保温、软泡及CASE聚醚多元醇等领域。

Claims (4)

1.一种纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:在低温环境下将纤维素溶解在碱和尿素的水溶液中,以纤维素、尿素和液体小分子醇作为起始剂,在碱的催化作用下,与环氧丙烷进行聚合反应,得到所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇;
所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)纤维素的溶解:取纤维素,投入到碱和尿素的水溶剂体系,在-10~-15℃冷冻环境下溶解,得到碱、尿素、纤维素的水溶液;
(2)低温段聚合反应:将碱、尿素、纤维素水溶液加入反应釜内,再加入液体小分子醇起始剂,氮气置换后升温,控制温度75~85℃,滴加环氧丙烷,熟化;
(3)溶剂水的脱除:熟化完毕后,升温至90~105℃,抽真空并氮气鼓泡,脱除料头中的水分;
(4)高温段聚合反应:控制温度为105~110℃,继续滴加剩余的环氧丙烷,熟化;
(5)粗聚醚后处理:粗聚醚用磷酸中和至pH为中性,减压脱水、过滤得到所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇;
碱为氢氧化钠;
步骤(1)水溶剂体系中,碱质量占比为5~10wt%,尿素质量占比为8~14wt%;
碱、尿素、纤维素水溶液中碱、尿素、纤维素的质量比为6~8:9~13:5;
纤维素、液体小分子醇的加入量与环氧丙烷加入总量的质量比为1:0.5~5:10~30。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:液体小分子醇为甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇或丙二醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)和步骤(4)中环氧丙烷的质量用量之比为1:0.1-10。
4.根据权利要求2所述的纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:纤维素的分子质量为<3*105的天然纤维素。
CN202011579214.0A 2020-12-28 2020-12-28 纤维素聚醚多元醇的制备方法 Active CN112724394B (zh)

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