CN112723960A

CN112723960A - Efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, raw material formula and preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN112723960A
Application number: CN202011623249.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 弗拉基米尔·马基琴科夫; 埃琳娜·博卡尼科娃; 胡荣娟; 张瑞萍; 孙娟; 夏爱萍; 左娇; 冯成玉; 魏佳峰
Original assignee: Beijing Chenghe Jiaxin Agricultural Materials Trading Co ltd; Jiangsu Aijiafuru Soil Remediation Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Chenghe Jiaxin Agricultural Materials Trading Co ltd; Jiangsu Aijiafuru Soil Remediation Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2020-12-31
Publication date: 2021-04-30

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to an efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, a raw material formula and a preparation method. The preparation method of the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water uniformly to form a Ca-organic mixture; collecting ammonia gas; culturing the Ca-organic mixture for a period of time, and mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a silicon-rich substance to obtain a Ca-Si organic mixture; mixing the Ca-Si organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer and holding for a period of time; drying and culturing; and granulating to obtain the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Description

Efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, raw material formula and preparation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to an efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, a raw material formula and a preparation method.

Background

Improving the soil fertility of cultivated land is of great importance. Intensification of agriculture, including high use of traditional mineral fertilizers, has a negative impact on soil fertility and reduces profitability and crop quality for farmers. Application of nitrogen-based fertilizers can result in decreased pH, increased heavy metal mobility, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, nitrogen is a vital macroelement for growing plants, and reducing the amount of nitrogen-based fertilizer applied can negatively impact the yield of the grown plants. Soil fertility is an important factor for sustainable agriculture. Today, many cultivated soils degrade and require restoration of their fertility level. However, there is currently no good solution, requiring time and a high level of investment. In order to actually improve the soil fertility, the pH value needs to be optimized, the soil organic matter and the soil adsorption capacity need to be increased, the plant effectiveness of a large amount of trace elements needs to be improved, and the activity of soil microorganisms needs to be improved.

It is a conventional technique to raise the pH of the soil by means of calcium-rich substances (limestone, quicklime, dolomite, etc.). Calcium-rich materials (natural and synthetic) are often used to improve soil chemistry, reduce heavy metal mobility; and optimizing the physical properties of the soil. Calcium is also widely recognized for its important role in plants, its role being to increase nutrient absorption, to establish strong cell walls for stronger plants, and to increase vigor. However, the use of calcium-rich products can fix available phosphorus and convert plant available phosphorus into plant unavailable phosphorus. This process is carried out according to the following reaction:

the calcium-rich material or quicklime is used for soil disinfection, soil pH value increase and organic waste treatment. However, calcium-rich materials also significantly reduce the available P content of soils and organic wastes.

Silicon is one of the most widely distributed elements in the earth's crust. Inert and active silicon compounds determine many physical and chemical properties of the soil, including adsorption and exchange capacity. The effects of silicon on cultivated plants can be divided into two categories: direct effects on plants and indirect effects on plants through soil. The main functions of Si in plants are to enhance the resistance of the plant to adverse growth conditions due to thickening of the epidermal tissue (mechanical protection), acceleration of growth and increase of the root system (physiological protection), and to increase tolerance to abiotic stress (biochemical protection). Numerous plant trials have demonstrated the prevalence of these mechanisms in silicon-accumulating and non-accumulating plants. The application of the active silicon promotes the conversion of soil phosphorus into a plant available state and prevents the conversion of a phosphate fertilizer into a plant unavailable state. This reaction can be effected after these reactions:

the influence of the silicon fertilizer on the soil fertility reduces the toxicity of aluminum in acid soil and improves the pH value. The active form of Si can react directly with heavy metals or increase the adsorption of soil minerals. Thus, treatment of soil with silicon-rich materials can reduce the phytoavailability of pollutants and increase the available silicon content of plants, which will have a positive impact on soil fertility and plant nutrition.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, a raw material formula and a preparation method.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water uniformly to form a Ca-organic mixture; collecting ammonia gas; culturing the Ca-organic mixture for a period of time, and mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a silicon-rich substance to obtain a Ca-Si organic mixture; mixing the Ca-Si organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer and holding for a period of time; drying and culturing; and granulating to obtain the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Further, the nitrogen-based fertilizer comprises at least one of urea and ammonium nitrate; the content ratio of the Ca element to the N element is (1-5) to (1-10).

Further, the mixing time of the Ca-Si organic mixture and the nitrogen-based fertilizer is 1-60 minutes, and the holding time is 1-10 days.

Further, the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the manure is 1 (3-10); the content of the water accounts for 40-60%.

Further, the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich substance is (10-1000): 1.

Further, the silicon-rich substance comprises at least one of a liquid silicon-containing solution and a solid silicon-rich substance; the Si content in the liquid silicon-containing solution is 10-50000 mg/L; SiO in the solid silicon-rich material₂The content is 1-100%.

Further, the incubation time of the Ca-organic mixture is 10-100 hours.

Further, the ammonia gas is collected within 5-10 hours after the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water are mixed, and the ammonia gas is cultured for a Ca-organic mixture.

In a second aspect, the invention also provides the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.

In a third aspect, the invention also provides formula raw materials of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, which comprise the following raw materials: calcium-rich substances, manure, water, silicon-rich substances and nitrogen-based fertilizers.

The efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has the beneficial effects that the calcium-rich substance, the livestock and poultry manure, the silicon-rich substance and the nitrogen-based fertilizer are mixed and cultured by the raw material formula and the preparation method, and active silicon is added into the calcium-rich substance, the silicon-rich substance and the nitrogen-based fertilizer, so that the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer can be used for neutralizing heavy metals and providing high-activity effective phosphorus for plants. The preparation method is natural and ecologically safe, and has unique characteristics in the aspects of improving the pH value of soil, reducing the content of organic matters in the soil, reducing the activity of heavy metals, increasing available phosphorus of plants, providing silicon nutrition for cultivated plants and the like.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first part

Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water uniformly to form a Ca-organic mixture; collecting ammonia gas; culturing the Ca-organic mixture for a period of time, and mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a silicon-rich substance to obtain a Ca-Si organic mixture; mixing the Ca-Si organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer and holding for a period of time; drying and culturing; and granulating to obtain the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Specifically, calcium-rich substances are mixed with animal or/and poultry excrement for 10 minutes to 1 hour, and the water content of the original mixture is 40-60%; capturing ammonia with water from the beginning of the mixing process and continuing for 5-10 hours; maintaining the culture of the Ca-organic mixture for 10-100 hours after the stirring process; collecting ammonia gas from the mixed gas. Mixing the Ca-organic substance and the silicon-rich substance in a ratio (10-1000) to 1 for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain a Ca-Si-organic mixture. Mixing the obtained Ca-Si-organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer for 1-60 minutes, and then continuously keeping for 1-10 days, wherein the ratio of Ca: the content ratio of N is (1-5) to (1-10); drying only or drying culture at 0-1000 deg.C in special machine or open air; and (4) granulating to obtain the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Optionally, the nitrogen-based fertilizer comprises at least one of urea and ammonium nitrate, and the nitrogen content of the nitrogen-based fertilizer is 20-60%. The content ratio of the Ca element to the N element is (1-5) to (1-10), and can be selected from 2:1 and 1: 5.

In the preparation method of the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer of this embodiment 1, calcium-rich substances, livestock and poultry manure, silicon-rich substances, and nitrogen-based fertilizers are mixed and cultured, and active silicon is added to neutralize heavy metals, so that plants can provide high-activity available phosphorus, and the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer also has a highly positive effect on soil (increasing pH of soil, increasing soil fertility, increasing utilization rate of plant phosphorus, reducing heavy metal migration rate, increasing available nitrogen of plants, and reducing greenhouse gas emission) and cultivated plants (increasing nutrition of plants P, N, Si and Ca, increasing root formation and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses).

Optionally, the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the manure is 1 (3-10), and optionally 1:5 and 1: 8; the water content is 40-60%, optionally 45% and 50%.

Optionally, the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich material is (10-1000):1, optionally 300:1, 500:1, 800: 1.

Optionally, the calcium-rich material comprises quicklime.

Optionally, the manure comprises at least one of animal manure, poultry manure. The excrement (the excrement of animals and birds) is used as a quick treatment technology of fresh manure, so that the negative influence of untreated excrement on the environment can be reduced, and the problems that the traditional composting needs a long-term process and occupies too much land area can be solved.

Optionally, the silicon-rich substance includes at least one of a liquid silicon-containing solution and a solid silicon-rich substance; the Si content in the liquid silicon-containing solution is 10-50000mg/L, and can be selected from 1000mg/L, 5000mg/L, 10000mg/L and 20000 mg/L; SiO in the solid silicon-rich material₂The content is 1-100%, optionally 20% and 50%.

Optionally, the incubation time of the Ca-organic mixture is 10-100 hours, optionally 30 hours, 50 hours, 80 hours.

Optionally, the ammonia gas is collected within 5-10 hours after the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water are mixed, that is, the ammonia is captured by the water in the mixing process and lasts for 5-10 hours. The ammonia gas may also be collected at the timing of the incubation period of the Ca-organic mixture.

Optionally, the termination condition of the drying culture is that the moisture content is 0-15%, optionally 5% and 10%.

Further, the invention also provides the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.

Firstly, mixing a calcium-rich substance, manure and water to form a Ca-organic mixture, then activating the Ca-organic mixture by utilizing a solid or liquid silicon-rich substance or mineral to obtain a Ca-Si organic mixture, mixing the Ca-Si organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer, and keeping for a period of time to prepare the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

Further, the invention also provides formula raw materials of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, which comprise the following raw materials: calcium-rich material, manure, water and silicon-rich material.

The second part

Example 1

Mixing quicklime and poultry manure for 10 minutes to ensure that the water content of the original mixture is 40 percent; ammonia was captured with water from the start of the mixing process and continued for 5 hours; the Ca-organic mixture is kept in culture for 10 hours after the stirring process; mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a liquid silicon-containing solution having a Si content of 10 mg/l within 10 minutes to obtain a Ca-Si-organic mixture; mixing the obtained Ca-Si-organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer for 1-60 minutes, then continuously keeping for 1-10 days, and drying the cultured mixture until the water content is 1%; and (4) granulating to obtain the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. Wherein the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the poultry manure is 1:3, and the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich substance is 10: 1; ca: the content ratio of N is 1: 10.

Example 2

Mixing calcium-rich material and animal feces for 1 hr to ensure the water content of the original mixture to be 60%; the Ca-organic mixture culture was maintained for 100 hours after the stirring process while capturing ammonia with water and continued for 10 hours; mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a liquid Si-containing solution having a Si content of 50000mg/l within 1 hour to obtain a Ca-Si-organic mixture; mixing the obtained Ca-Si-organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer for 1-60 minutes, then continuously keeping for 1-10 days, and drying the cultured mixture until the water content is 1%; and (4) granulating to obtain the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. Wherein the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the animal waste is 1:3, and the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich substance is 10: 1; ca: the content ratio of N is 5: 1.

Example 3

Mixing calcium-rich material and livestock and poultry manure for 30 minutes to ensure that the water content of the original mixture is 50%; ammonia was captured with water starting from the mixing process and continuing for 8 hours; the Ca-organic mixture is maintained in culture for 50 hours after the stirring process; mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a liquid silicon-containing solution having a Si content of 10000mg/l within 40 minutes to obtain a Ca-Si-organic mixture; mixing the obtained Ca-Si-organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer for 1-60 minutes, then continuously keeping for 1-10 days, and drying the cultured mixture until the water content is 1%; and (4) granulating to obtain the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. Wherein the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the poultry manure is 1:3, and the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich substance is 10: 1; ca: the content ratio of N is 5: 1.

Third part

The part detects the performance of the high-efficiency composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer through multiple tests, such as improvement of the pH value of soil, increase of silicon and phosphorus nutrition of plants, reduction of Cd adsorption of the plants and the like.

(1) The first test:

a) the first greenhouse test was conducted at the Russian academy of sciences basic biological problem institute. The experiment mainly researches the effect of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer on improving the pH value of soil, increasing the silicon-phosphorus nutrition of plants and reducing the adsorption of the plants on Cd. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on cadmium contaminated soil meadow ashed soil (table 1); quicklime (CaO) is used for manufacturing the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, and the chemical components of the quicklime (CaO) are shown in a table 2; the chemical properties of the pig manure for preparing the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer are shown in a table 3; monosilicic acid (available from Jiangsu Aijiafu, soil remediation, Inc.) with a silicon content of 10% was used; ammonium nitrate (russian Kujbishev azot) was used as the nitrogen source and was formulated as-NH 4NO3, which contained 34% N.

TABLE 1 chemical Properties of the soil tested

pH	Organic matter (g/kg)	CECcmol(+)/kg	Total Cd (mg/kg)	Total N (g/kg)	Total P (g/kg)	Total K (g/kg)
							5.1	4.5	9.8	1.05	3.11	1.91	24.8

TABLE 2 chemical Properties of the calcium-rich materials tested

Table 3 chemical profile,%, of the pig manure used in the test.

Species of	Humidity	pH	Total C	Total N	Total P	Total K	Total Si
								Pig manure	30	7.5	24.5	1.86	1.34	0.76	0.75

b) The manufacturing process of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

quicklime (100g) was mixed with pig manure (500g) and 100mL of water was added and stirred in a commercial mixer connected to a water tank (1 liter capacity). After stirring and mixing for 15 minutes, the mixture was held in the mixer for 2 hours, and air discharged from the mixer was pumped into the water tank at a rate of 1 liter per minute. The ammonia in the air near the mixer and the water tank was measured using a German Delagrapac 5500. The ammonia concentration is not more than 2mg/m³And is 10 times lower than the maximum allowable ammonia concentration in the working area. After 2 hours, a diluted solution (10mL) of monosilicic acid (original concentration 10%, diluted 2-fold) was added to the mixture and stirred for about 1 hour. The prepared Ca-Si-organic mixture was mixed with ammonium nitrate (150g) and stirred for 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was placed in an oven at a temperature of 65 ℃ and dried within 6 hours. The final water content of the mixture was 10%. The obtained composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is used for greenhouse crop cultivation. The recommended application rate is 300 kg per hectare.

One kilogram of meadow ashed soil was placed in a 1L plastic jar and then all test materials were applied to the soil and stirred. Then 10 barley seeds were planted in each pot. Irrigate the institute with 50 ml of distilled water every dayAnd a plurality of tanks. The air temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 24 +/-2 ℃ in the daytime and 20 +/-2 ℃ at night. Photoperiod of 12 hours and intensity of 950mmol photons m^-2s^-1. The relative humidity of air in the daytime is 45 +/-5 percent, and the relative humidity of air in the nighttime is 70 +/-5 percent. After 4 weeks, soil samples were collected from each pot using standard methods to determine the following parameters: pH, organic content, plant available phosphorus and silicon content (0.1n HCl extractable method), available cadmium (0.1n HCl extractable method). Plant samples were collected at the same time. The roots and shoots of barley were measured separately. The plant tissue was then dried at a temperature of +65 ℃ for 24 hours, ground and then passed through a 0.2mm sieve. At HNO₃-H₂O₂Microwave digestion in medium, determination of total P and Cd in root and stem, NaOH-H₂O₂And (4) determining Si after microwave digestion in a medium.

c) There were 3 replicates per treatment and 3 replicates per analysis. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis based on comparative methods using the mean degree of separation of Duncan at the 5% significance level. The results show that the treatment of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has high influence on the soil property (Table 4), the biomass of the barley is obviously increased, and the chemical composition of the barley is improved (Table 5). The CaO and the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer can obviously improve the pH value of the soil. While applying ammonium nitrate reduces the pH of the soil, applying CaO and ammonium nitrate also reduces the organic matter content of the soil. The application of CaO also has a negative effect on the available phosphorus, silicon content of the plant. The results show that CaO administration also reduced the biomass of barley. However, the application of CaO reduces the organic content, available phosphorus and silicon content of the barley, and has a negative effect on the biomass of the barley.

TABLE 4 Effect of test materials on selected soil Properties

As can be seen from Table 4, the application of monosilicic acid also positively affects the content of available phosphorus and silicon in the soil, and significantly reduces the plant availability of Cd in the soil. The single-application organic fertilizer only has positive influence on the content of organic matters, has no obvious influence on the available phosphorus and silicon of plants, and slightly improves the effectiveness of Cd. The compound Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has the greatest influence on the soil property.

Ammonium nitrate, monosilicic acid and a complex Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer all had a positive effect on barley biomass (table 5). The application of CaO has a negative effect on both root and aerial biomass, which is associated with a reduced availability of the phosphorus plants. The application of CaO also reduced the total content of phosphorus in the roots and stems of barley. The application of organic fertilizers has no significant effect on biomass and barley production, which may be related to low nutrient content in fresh manure.

The application of the monosilicic acid and the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer obviously improves the biomass of barley rhizomes. The application effect of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is the greatest. The application of the product also obviously improves the total content of phosphorus and silicon in roots and overground parts. The total content of Cd is reduced by applying CaO and a composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. The application of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has obvious effect on reducing the heavy metal content of barley. This is related to the synergistic effect of Ca and Si.

TABLE 5 barley Biomass (dry weight of individual plant) and Total content of phosphorus, silicon, cadmium in the roots, shoots

(2) And (3) second test:

d) the second greenhouse test was conducted at the Russian academy of sciences basic biological problem research institute. The main purpose of the test is to study the influence of the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer on soil properties such as the pH value of soil, the soil adsorption quantity and the organic matter content, increase the silicon-phosphorus nutrition of plants, improve the salt resistance of the plants and the like. Greenhouse experiments were performed on artificially cultivated grey forest soil (table 6); quicklime (CaO) is used for manufacturing the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, and the chemical components of the quicklime (CaO) are shown in a table 7; pig manure and chicken manure are used for manufacturing the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, and the chemical composition of the organic fertilizer is shown in a table 8; meanwhile, concentrated monosilicic acid (purchased from Jiangsu Aijiafu, soil remediation, Co., Ltd.) with the silicon content of 10 percent is adopted; ammonium nitrate (russian Kujbishev azot) was used as the nitrogen source and was formulated as-NH 4NO3, which contained 34% N.

TABLE 6 chemical characteristics of the soil tested

pH	Organic matter (g/kg)	CECcmol(+)/kg	Total Cd (mg/kg)	Total N (g/kg)	Total P (g/kg)	Total K (g/kg)
							5.1	4.5	12.4	0.05	4.21	12.04	34.3

TABLE 7 chemistry of the calcium-rich materials tested

TABLE 8 chemical Properties of the manure used in the tests%

	Humidity	pH	Total C%	Total N%	Total P%	Total K%	Total Si%
								Pig manure	30	7.5	24.5	1.86	1.34	0.76	0.75
Chicken manure	25	7.5	30.5	15.6	3.5	4.5	0.43

e) The manufacturing process of the second composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

CaO (200g) was stirred with pig manure (300g), chicken manure (300g) and 200ml water in a commercial mixer connected to a water tank (2 liter capacity). The mixing time was 20 minutes, then the mixture was held in the mixer for 4 hours, and air discharged from the mixer was pumped into the water tank at a rate of 1 liter per minute. The ammonia in the air near the mixer and the water tank was measured using a German Delagrapac 5500. The ammonia concentration is not more than 1.8mg/m³And the concentration of the ammonia gas is more than 10 times lower than the maximum allowable ammonia gas concentration in a working area. A diluted solution of monosilicic acid (30mL) (initial concentration 10%, diluted 2-fold) was then added to the mixture and stirred for about 1 hour. The produced Ca — Si organic was mixed with ammonium nitrate (250g) and stirred for 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was placed in an oven at a temperature of 65 ℃ and dried within 6 hours. The final water content of the mixture was 10%. The obtained composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is used for greenhouse tests. The recommended application rate is 1 ton per hectare (composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer).

1kg of artificially cultivated gray forest soil was placed in a 1L plastic tank, and then all test materials were applied to the soil and stirred. 10 wheat seeds were then planted in each pot. All plastic pots were watered daily with 50 ml of distilled water or 50 ml of saline solution (containing 20 g/l or sodium chloride). This level of salt mimics salt stress. The air temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 24 +/-2 ℃ in the daytime and 20 +/-2 ℃ at night. Photoperiod of 12 hours and intensity of 950mmol photons m^-2s^-1. The relative humidity of air in the daytime is 45 +/-5 percent, and the relative humidity of air in the nighttime is 70 +/-5 percent.

After 4 weeks, soil samples were collected from each pot to determine the following parameters: pH, organic content, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), plant available phosphorus and silicon content (0.1n HCl extractable method). Simultaneously, plant samples are collected, and the roots and the buds of the wheat are respectively measured. The plant tissue was then dried at a temperature of +65 ℃ for 24 hours,ground and then passed through a 0.2mm sieve. At HNO₃-H₂O₂Determination of total P and Na in roots and stems after microwave digestion in Medium, in NaOH-H₂O₂And (4) determining Si after microwave digestion in a medium.

f) There were 3 replicates per treatment and 3 replicates per analysis. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis based on comparative methods using the mean degree of separation of Duncan at the 5% significance level. The data obtained show that treatment with the complex Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has a high impact on soil properties (Table 9), significantly increases the biomass of wheat, improves its chemical composition, and protects wheat from salt damage (Table 10). The result shows that the CaO and the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer can obviously improve the pH value and CEC level of the soil. However, the application of CaO reduces the organic matter content, the available phosphorus and silicon content of the plants, and has negative effects on the biomass of wheat. After the ammonium nitrate is applied, the pH value and the organic matter content of the soil are slightly reduced. The nitrogen application amount has no obvious influence on the cation exchange amount of soil and the effective phosphorus and silicon content of plants.

TABLE 9 Effect of test materials on the soil Properties tested

The application of the monosilicic acid has positive influence on the available phosphorus and silicon contents of plants and has positive promotion effect on the pH value and the organic matter content of soil. The single application of pig manure and chicken manure has obvious influence on the organic matter content, pH value, CEC and available phosphorus and silicon content of plants. But these effects are not very high. The biggest positive effect is to apply the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. The salt content of the soil has no obvious influence on soil parameters.

The application of a manure mixture, monosilicic acid, nitrogen fertilizer and a complex Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer (table 10) was the main contributor to the positive effect on wheat biomass. The salt resistance of wheat is also obviously improved by applying monosilicic acid and the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer. While the manure mixture and ammonium nitrate have no protective effect on plants. The application of monosilicic acid and the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer reduces the accumulation of Na on the overground part. This means that the silicon in both products protects the plants from salt damage by reducing the transport of sodium from the roots to the overground part.

The application of CaO has a negative effect on both root and aerial biomass, which is associated with a reduced availability of the phosphorus plants. The application of CaO also reduced the total content of wheat root and overground phosphorus. The presence of NaCl in the irrigation water intensified the negative effect of CaO on wheat.

TABLE 10 wheat Biomass (dry weight of individual plant) and Total phosphorus, silicon, sodium content

(3) It can be seen from two tests that the use of conventional lime agents such as CaO, limestone, dolomite or N-based fertilizers generally has a certain negative effect on the soil. The results show that the proposed composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer has a high positive effect on soil properties (pH value, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, plant available silicon and phosphorus content) and no negative effect.

In conclusion, the efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, the raw material formula and the preparation method are prepared by a mixed culture mode of calcium-rich substances (such as quick lime), livestock and poultry manure, silicon-rich substances and nitrogen-based fertilizers, and ammonia nitrogen is collected at the same time, so that the efficient composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is a novel efficient and environment-friendly method for producing the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer, and can be used for processing and preparing Ca-organic matters through mixed culture of the livestock and poultry manure, the silicon-rich substances and the nitrogen fertilizers. The method provides a rapid treatment process for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, decomposing or inactivating toxic organic and inorganic substances and preventing phosphorus and nitrogen in effective states of plants. The final product can be used as a compound fertilizer, does not cause phosphorus fixation in soil, reduces greenhouse gas emission and provides plant silicon nutrition. Meanwhile, the soil applied with the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer does not have negative influence on the trace and macro-element nutrition of the cultivated plants.

In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing and stirring the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water uniformly to form a Ca-organic mixture;

collecting ammonia gas;

culturing the Ca-organic mixture for a period of time, and mixing the Ca-organic mixture with a silicon-rich substance to obtain a Ca-Si organic mixture;

mixing the Ca-Si organic mixture with a nitrogen-based fertilizer and holding for a period of time;

drying and culturing; and

and (4) granulating to obtain the composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer.

2. The production method according to claim 1,

the nitrogen-based fertilizer comprises at least one of urea and ammonium nitrate;

the content ratio of the Ca element to the N element is (1-5) to (1-10).

3. The production method according to claim 1,

the mixing time of the Ca-Si organic mixture and the nitrogen-based fertilizer is 1-60 minutes, and the holding time is 1-10 days.

4. The production method according to claim 1,

the mass ratio of the calcium-rich substance to the manure is 1 (3-10);

the content of the water accounts for 40-60%.

5. The production method according to claim 1,

the mass ratio of the Ca-organic mixture to the silicon-rich substance is (10-1000): 1.

6. The production method according to claim 1,

the silicon-rich substance comprises at least one of a liquid silicon-containing solution and a solid silicon-rich substance;

the Si content in the liquid silicon-containing solution is 10-50000 mg/L;

SiO in the solid silicon-rich material₂The content is 1-100%.

7. The production method according to claim 1,

the incubation time of the Ca-organic mixture is 10-100 hours.

8. The production method according to claim 1,

the ammonia gas is collected within 5-10 hours after the calcium-rich substance, the manure and the water are mixed, and the ammonia gas is cultured for the Ca-organic mixture.

9. The composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.

10. A raw material formula of a composite Ca-N-Si organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials:

calcium-rich substances, manure, water, silicon-rich substances and nitrogen-based fertilizers.