CN111892458B - Method for rapidly treating organic waste - Google Patents
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- CN111892458B CN111892458B CN202010678862.5A CN202010678862A CN111892458B CN 111892458 B CN111892458 B CN 111892458B CN 202010678862 A CN202010678862 A CN 202010678862A CN 111892458 B CN111892458 B CN 111892458B
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for rapidly treating organic waste, which relates to agriculture and improves the efficiency of natural and synthetic calcium-rich substances by using silicon-rich materials in liquid or solid form. The method comprises the steps of preparing a mixture, adding water, culturing and drying. The method can be used for preparing the high-efficiency agricultural soil conditioner. Meanwhile, all negative effects of the organic waste on cultivated plants, soil and environment are reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the organic waste is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of methods for quickly manufacturing efficient and environmentally safe organic soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a method for quickly treating organic waste, which is prepared by sequentially treating any type of organic waste (manure, sludge and agricultural waste) through CaO and concentrated monosilicic acid and additionally treating urea or/and sulfur. The end product will have a high positive impact on the soil and the cultivated plants.
Background
The utilization of organic waste is one of the most important problems today. The organic waste mainly contains agricultural waste (livestock manure, bird manure, etc.), sludge from water treatment plants, and food waste. The organic waste can be treated as a high value fertilizer or modifier. However, the risk of environmental pollution and poisoning of soil plant systems by fresh organic waste is high.
Modern animal farms are characterized by a large number of animals with a consequent high environmental load. The most negative effects are the effect of ammonia emissions on the atmosphere and the effect of leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds on the water body, with fertilizers being the major source of these pollutants. Manure utilization refers to a series of activities including manure processing, storage, and soil application of organic fertilizers. Manure treatment includes a process of killing weed seeds and worms: long-term storage, composting, accelerated composting, methane fermentation and the like. For example, in the United states alone, over 130 million kilograms of poultry litter and/or manure are produced per year. Many countries now restrict the use of fresh manure. However, many techniques, such as alum Al2(SO4)3*xH2The treatment method of O causes aluminum pollution and has a negative effect on human health, so that a new manure treatment technology is urgently needed.
Modern living systems provide water treatment facilities that produce large amounts of sludge around the world. With the increase in population and sewage treatment, the amount of sludge produced increases. For example, 3000 ten thousand metric tons of sludge (80% water content) were produced in china in 2012, increasing to 3400 ten thousand metric tons in 2015. It is estimated that europe and the united states of america (usa) produce about 1000 million tons of dry solids the first year. However, even in developed countries such as the united states and the european union, the utilization rate of sludge is extremely low.
Historically, over 80% of the sludge has not been effectively treated and safely disposed of. This poses a great threat to the environment, particularly due to the widespread use of municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and storm water treatment integrated treatment systems. In 2013, there were about 2600 sludge treatment plants in China, but only about 60 plants adopted the anaerobic digestion process, of which only 10-30 actually operated, causing waste of infrastructure and treatment facilities. In india, only about 30% of the wastewater produced in major cities is being treated. Sometimes untreated sewage is discharged directly into natural waters. This is most often the case in small and less developed countries. For example, nearly 30% of sewage produced by the federal republic of milhnia enters pacific waters without prior purification.
A large portion of the sludge is transported out of cities and used in agriculture using natural composting. Treated sludge has been used in agriculture in the uk, europe and china for over 80 years. However, due to soil pollution and public objections, more and more countries are demanding a stop of sludge use into the ground. Limiting the use of sludge for agricultural applications is associated with the following problems:
1) the content of aluminum and/or other heavy metals exceeds the standard;
2) pathogenic microorganisms exceed the standard;
3) an unpleasant smell.
The use of manure has similar problems if it is applied directly without treatment.
Calcium oxide (QL, quicklime) and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) have been used for more than 100 years in the treatment of bioorganic waste. The treatment of human wastewater sludge (i.e., biosolids) with lime is well established in EPA regulations. By utilizing the high temperature and high pH value, the treatment method can reduce or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge.
Treatment of manure with quicklime results in the release of ammonia. The 10% quicklime treated fertilizer lost approximately 80% of its original ammonia content by volatilization over 7 days and released 10% again over the next 21 days. Thus, the technology of treating organic waste with calcium oxide may be used to promote facilities with fixed ammonia and production of valuable products.
The active form of Si, such as Monosilicic Acid (MA), can significantly reduce the mobility and toxicity of aluminum (Al) and Heavy Metals (HMs). The monosilicic acid has high chemical and biochemical activity. Monosilicic acid can react with aluminum to form sparingly soluble silicates:
2Al3++2H4SiO4＝Al2Si2O5+2H++3H2O
2Al3++2H4SiO4+H2O＝Al2Si2O5(OH)4+6H+
importantly, monosilicic acid reacts mainly with the most toxic aluminium. We think that the CaO and Si composite treatment organic waste (manure or sludge) can be used for the technical development of wastewater of water treatment plants, and finally an environment-friendly product is obtained. However, the product has a high pH and requires a treatment to lower the pH.
Chinese patent CN 201711050147.1 discloses a composite monosilicate soil conditioner. Relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a composite monosilicate soil conditioner. The invention provides a composite monosilicate soil conditioner which comprises, by weight, 25% -35% of potassium monosilicate, 35% -45% of calcium monosilicate, 15% -25% of metarhizium anisopliae, 2% -4% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 5% -9% of an auxiliary agent, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%. The soil conditioner can enhance the photosynthesis of crops, promote the growth of roots and seedlings, resist premature senility and improve the yield; the soil is repaired, hardening is broken, the soil fertility is improved, continuous cropping is resisted, the stress resistance is improved, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved; preventing diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses, and insect pests such as aphids, nematodes, grubs, etc. However, considering that the silicate in the reference is solid, the activity of silicon element is very low. The prior art is slightly deficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the application mainly provides a method for quickly treating organic waste, and solves the technical problems that an alum treatment method in the prior art can cause aluminum pollution, high pH value, low silicon element activity and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for rapidly treating organic waste, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: controlling the water content of the organic waste to be 30-80%;
the second step is that: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the water-containing organic waste and CaO in a proportion of 1:1 to 100: 1;
the third step: mixing the water-containing organic waste with CaO to obtain a mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO;
the fourth step: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the silicon-rich solution according to the proportion of 1: 1-10000: 1:
the fifth step: the aqueous organic waste and CaO mixture is continuously mixed with the silicon rich solution.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the grain diameter of the CaO is less than 1 mm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the concentration of monosilicic acid in the silicon-rich solution is 0.1-20%, and the monosilicic acid is H2SiO4。
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the treatment time between the aqueous organic waste and the CaO mixture and the silicon-rich solution is from 1 minute to 2 months, and the treated organic waste can be used as lime material.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the ammonia gas formed under the CaO treatment was collected by the down-draft method and the saturated ammonium salt solution method and used to prepare an ammonia solution.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution is mixed with sulfur according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the mixture of the aqueous organic waste, the CaO and the silicon-rich solution is mixed with urea according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, so that the pH value is reduced and the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution in the weight ratio is as follows: sulfur: urea (1-100): (1-100): (1-100) mixing the mixture of the aqueous organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with sulfur and urea to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO is treated with the silicon-rich solution, the final product after the water-containing organic waste is mixed with the CaO, the silicon-rich solution and the sulfur, the final product after the water-containing organic waste is mixed with the CaO, the silicon-rich solution and the urea, and the final product after the water-containing organic waste is mixed with the CaO, the silicon-rich solution, the sulfur and the urea are used immediately after the final treatment or used after the culture is carried out for 1 minute to 1 year.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the organic waste is manure, sludge, food waste and the like.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method for rapidly treating the organic waste has the following technical effects:
1. the total silicon and the active silicon are different concepts, the active silicon is the only silicon form absorbed and utilized by plants, and other forms of silicon, such as silicon dioxide, silicate, simple substance silicon and the like, need to be converted into monosilicic acid to be absorbed and utilized by the plants, so the product with high active silicon content has good efficacy.
2. The final product (without sulfur and/or urea treatment) can be used as a lime agent, which has the effect of not fixing phosphorus in the soil and providing silicon nutrition to the plant compared to ordinary lime.
3. The applied product has the characteristics of a calcium-rich soil conditioner and a calcium-based fertilizer, and has no negative influence on trace element nutrition and macroelement nutrition of the cultivated plants.
4. The final product increases soil fertility and plant availability to phosphorus for soil, reduces heavy metal migration, increases root formation, yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress for cultivated plants.
5. The final product can promote the increase of the biomass of the root system and the overground part of the crop, and the increase proportion reaches 20.8 to 92.9 percent and 28.0 to 75.0 percent.
6. The silicon in the silicon-rich solution is monosilicic acid which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, the obtained product has high effect, the final product can improve the absorption and utilization of the plants to nutrient elements, the content of available phosphorus of the plants is increased by 96.4-110.7%, and the content of available silicon of the plants is increased by 40.9-130.7%.
7. The final product can be applied to soil to improve the health condition of the soil, adjust the pH value (6.3-8.4) and meet the requirements of adjusting the pH value of different soils. The total carbon content is improved by 0.84 to 1.86 percent; and (3) adjusting the CEC value of the cation exchange quantity of the soil to be 9.2-9.5mg eq/100 g.
8. When the final product is applied to soil, the activity of heavy metal Cd in the soil can be reduced, and the content of the active Cd in the soil is reduced by 57.6-92.0%; the absorption of Cd by plants is reduced, the content of Cd in plant root systems is reduced by 49.4-70.0%, and the content of Cd in overground parts is reduced by 65.3-90.1%, so that the method is beneficial to the growth of crops.
9. Compared with the traditional organic waste treatment method, the method has the advantages of short treatment time, and the technical advantages of pathogenic bacteria harmlessness, heavy metal passivation, odor removal and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for rapidly treating organic waste, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: controlling the water content of the organic waste to be 30-80%;
the second step is that: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the water-containing organic waste and CaO in a proportion of 1:1 to 100: 1;
the third step: mixing the water-containing organic waste with CaO to obtain a mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO;
the fourth step: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the silicon-rich solution according to the proportion of 1: 1-10000: 1:
the fifth step: the aqueous organic waste and CaO mixture is continuously mixed with the silicon rich solution.
The grain size of CaO is less than 1mm, the concentration of monosilicic acid in the silicon-rich solution is 0.1-20%, and the monosilicic acid is H2SiO4The treatment time between the aqueous organic waste and the CaO mixture and the silicon-rich solution is from 1 minute to 2 months, the treated aqueous organic waste can be used as a lime material, ammonia gas formed under the CaO treatment can be collected by a downward air discharge method, a saturated ammonium salt solution is discharged and the like and is used for preparing the ammonia solution, and the mixture of the aqueous organic waste and the CaO and the silicon-rich solution is mixed with sulfur according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; mixing the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with urea according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution in the weight ratio is as follows: sulfur: urea (1-100): (1-100): (1-100) mixing a mixture of the aqueous organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with sulfur and urea to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO is treated with the silicon-rich solution, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and sulfur is treated, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and urea is treated, and the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution, sulfur and urea is used immediately after the final treatment or used after the culture is carried out for 1 minute to 1 year; the organic waste is manure, sludge, agricultural waste and the like.
Test 1
The main objective of this trial was to study the effect of treated and untreated pig manure on barley growth by greenhouse trials.
The following materials were used:
1) untreated pig manure (abbreviation: manure);
2) pig manure treated with CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15% monosilicic acid) has the following formula: 1 ton of pig manure (50% moisture), 100 kg of CaO, 10 kg of a silicon-rich solution (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si);
3) the pig manure is treated by CaO and monosilicic acid (15 percent of monosilicic acid), and the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of pig manure (50% moisture), 100 kg of CaO, 10 kg of a silicon-rich solution, and then urea (100 kg) (abbreviation: manure + calcium + silicon + urea);
4) the pig manure was treated with CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15% monosilicic acid) according to the following treatment recipe: 1 ton of pig manure (50% moisture), 100 kg of CaO, 10 kg of silicon-rich solution, and then treating with 100 kg of sulfur (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si + S);
to determine the effect of treated and untreated fertilizers, greenhouse experiments were carried out with barley (Hord emuvulg-L.). The greenhouse is made of pure quartz sand. Treated and untreated manure was applied at 1000 kg/ha dry weight. The material is used before sowing and is mixed with sand to be used as a base fertilizer. The volume of the plastic pot is 1 liter, and each pot is used for planting 10 barley seeds. 50 ml of distilled water was irrigated daily. The air temperature in the growth room is 22 +/-2 ℃ in the daytime and 18 +/-2 ℃ at night. The photoperiod is 12h, the light intensity is 950 mu mol photon m-2s-1. The relative humidity of air is 45 +/-5% in daytime and 70 +/-5% in nighttime. Three replicates were set for each treatment.
After four weeks, the barley was harvested. The biomass of roots and aerial parts was determined. The data obtained are shown in Table 1. The biomass of the root system and the overground part of the barley cultivated in the quartz sand treatment are respectively 2.4 g and 2.5 g; the application of untreated manure had a negative effect on barley biomass compared to the control treatment, with a 12.5% and 8.0% reduction in root and aerial biomass, respectively, which was associated with some toxicity of fresh manure. However, the application of the treated manure had a positive effect on the root system and biomass of the barley above ground. The root system and the overground part biomass of the manure + Ca + Si treatment are increased by 20.8% and 28.0%, the root system and the overground part biomass of the manure + Ca + Si + urea treatment are increased by 37.5% and 56.0%, and the root system and the overground part biomass of the manure + Ca + Si + S treatment are increased by 33.3% and 40.0%, wherein the manure treatment effect of CaO, a silicon-rich solution and urea is the best.
TABLE 1 Effect of treated and untreated pig manure on fresh Biomass of 4 weeks old barley
The culture medium was collected as a test sample and the following parameters were tested using standard methods: pH, total carbon (C) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). There were three replicates of the soil test. Significant differences were calculated at the 5% level using Excel 2010. The data are shown in Table 2. The pH value of a substrate cultivated in the quartz sand treatment is 6.3, the total C is 0.0, and the cation exchange CEC is 1.6mg eq./100 g; application of untreated manure significantly reduced the soil pH (5.4) compared to the control treatment, thereby affecting barley growth. The application of all three of the treated manure increased the pH of the sand (8.4, 7.3 and 7.4). The total C value of soil is improved by applying the treated manure and the untreated manure, and the four treatments of the manure, the manure + Ca + Si + urea and the manure + Ca + Si + S are respectively increased by 1.5%, 1.3%, 1.2% and 1.3%. The application of both treated and untreated manure increased the cation exchange value CEC, increasing the CEC values of the four treatments manure, manure + Ca + Si + urea, manure + Ca + Si + S from 1.6mg eq/100g for the control treatment to 6.8, 9.4/9.5 and 9.2mg eq/100g, respectively. Among them, the effect of the manure treated by CaO, silicon-rich solution and urea is the best.
TABLE 2 Effect of untreated and treated manure on sandy soil pH, Total C and CEC
Tests show that the manure treated by the three methods has obvious effect.
Example 2
A method for rapidly treating organic waste, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: controlling the water content of the organic waste to be 30-80%;
the second step is that: aqueous organic waste by weight: weighing the water-containing organic waste and CaO in a proportion of 1:1 to 100: 1;
the third step: mixing the water-containing organic waste with CaO to obtain a mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO;
the fourth step: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the silicon-rich solution according to the proportion of 1: 1-10000: 1:
the fifth step: the aqueous organic waste and CaO mixture is continuously mixed with the silicon rich solution.
The grain size of CaO is less than 1mm, the concentration of monosilicic acid in the silicon-rich solution is 0.1-20%, and the monosilicic acid is H2SiO4The treatment time between the aqueous organic waste and the CaO mixture and the silicon-rich solution is from 1 minute to 2 months, the treated aqueous organic waste can be used as a lime material, ammonia gas formed under the CaO treatment can be collected by a downward air discharge method, a saturated ammonium salt solution is discharged and the like and is used for preparing the ammonia solution, and the mixture of the aqueous organic waste and the CaO and the silicon-rich solution is mixed with sulfur according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; mixing the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with urea according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution in the weight ratio is as follows: sulfur: urea (1-100): (1-100): (1-100) mixing a mixture of the aqueous organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with sulfur and urea to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO is treated with the silicon-rich solution, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and sulfur is treated, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and urea is treated, and the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution, sulfur and urea is used immediately after the final treatment or used after the culture is carried out for 1 minute to 1 year; the organic waste is manure, sludge, food waste and the like.
Treated and untreated pigeon manure greenhouse tests were carried out in the organization of Jiangsu Aijiafu such as soil remediation Limited. The following treated and untreated pigeon droppings were used in this test:
1) untreated pigeon faeces (abbreviation: manure);
2) treating pigeon manure with CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15% monosilicic acid), wherein the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of pigeon manure (50% moisture), 100 kg of CaO, 10 kg of silicon-rich solution (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si-1);
3) treating pigeon manure with CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15% monosilicic acid), wherein the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of pigeon manure (50% moisture), 200 kg of CaO, 20 kg of silicon-rich solution (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si-2);
4) treating pigeon manure with CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15% monosilicic acid), wherein the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of pigeon manure (50% moisture), 100 kg of CaO, 10 kg of silicon-rich solution, then treated with urea (100 kg) (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si + urea);
local soil was used in the test. The soil had the following characteristics: the pH value is 6.2, the total organic matter is 0.56 percent, CEC is 8.5mg eq/100g, and the sand content is 15.4 percent. Rice is used as a test crop. Treated and untreated manure was applied at 1000 kg/ha dry weight. This material is applied before sowing and mixed with the soil (base fertilizer). The volume of the plastic tank was 1 liter. 10 rice seeds were planted per pot. 50 ml of distilled water was irrigated daily. The air temperature in the growth room is 26 +/-2 ℃ in the daytime and 20 +/-2 ℃ at night. The photoperiod is 12h, and the light intensity is 1000 mu mol photon m-2s-1. The relative humidity of air is 55 +/-5% in the daytime and 80 +/-5% at night. Three replicates were set for each treatment.
After four weeks, the rice was harvested. The biomass of the root system and the aerial parts was measured. The data obtained are shown in Table 3. The biomass of the root system and the overground part of the rice cultivated in the control treatment are respectively 1.8 g and 1.9 g; the application of untreated manure had a negative effect on rice biomass compared to the control treatment, with a reduction in root and aerial biomass of 11.1% and 10.5%, respectively, which may be related to some toxicity of fresh manure. However, the application of the treated manure has a positive effect on the biomass of the rice root system and the overground part. The biomass of the roots and the overground parts treated by the manure, Ca and Si-1 are increased by 27.8 percent and 15.8 percent, the biomass of the roots and the overground parts treated by the manure, Ca and Si-2 are increased by 44.4 percent and 26.3 percent, the biomass of the roots and the overground parts treated by the manure, Ca and Si and urea is increased by 61.1 percent and 42.1 percent, and the manure treated by the CaO, the silicon-rich solution and the urea has the best effect.
TABLE 3 Effect of treated and untreated manure (Pigeon manure) on fresh weight Biomass of 4 week old Rice
After the experiment was completed, soil samples were collected from all potted plants, and the following soil parameters were tested using the standard method: pH, total C, phytoavailable phosphorus (0.1n HCl), phytoavailable silicon (0.1n HCl). Samples for soil testing were collected in triplicate per treatment. Significant differences were calculated at the 5% level with Excel 2010. The data obtained are shown in Table 4. In contrast treatment, the pH value of the soil for cultivation is 6.2, the total C is 0.56%, the content of the effective P of the plant is 28mg/kg, and the effective Si of the plant is 218 mg/kg; application of untreated manure significantly reduced the soil pH (5.1) compared to the control treatment, thereby affecting rice growth. The application of all three manure treatments increased the soil pH (7.7, 7.8 and 6.3). The total C value of soil is improved by applying the treated manure and the untreated manure, and the four treatments of the manure, the manure + Ca + Si-1, the manure + Ca + Si-2 and the manure + Ca + Si + urea are respectively increased to 0.89%, 0.85%, 0.84% and 0.88%. The effective phosphorus content of the plants can be increased by applying the treated manure and the untreated manure, the effective phosphorus content of the manure, the manure + Ca + Si-1, the manure + Ca + Si-2 and the manure + Ca + Si + urea is respectively increased to 49, 55, 59 and 58mg/kg, and the effective silicon content of each treated plant is respectively increased to 244, 436, 503 and 428 mg/kg. Wherein, the CaO, the silicon-rich solution and the urea-treated manure have the best effect on soil improvement; the CaO and silicon-rich solution-2 treatment has the best effect on the improvement of plant nutrition (P and Si). This shows that three different manure treatment methods have a better improving effect on the soil and plant growth and nutritional status.
TABLE 4 Effect of untreated and treated manure on soil pH, Total C, plant available P and plant available Si
| Treatment of | pH | Total C% | Effective P, mg/kg | Effective Si, mg/kg |
| Control (soil) | 6.2 | 0.56 | 28 | 218 |
| Manure | 5.1 | 0.89 | 49 | 244 |
| Manure + Ca + Si-1 | 7.7 | 0.85 | 55 | 436 |
| Manure + Ca + Si-2 | 7.8 | 0.84 | 59 | 503 |
| Manure + Ca + Si + urea | 6.3 | 0.88 | 58 | 428 |
| LSD05 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 25 |
Example 3
A method for rapidly treating organic waste, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: controlling the water content of the organic waste to be 30-80%;
the second step is that: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the water-containing organic waste and CaO in a proportion of CaO between 1:1 and 100: 1;
the third step: mixing the water-containing organic waste with CaO to obtain a mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO;
the fourth step: aqueous organic waste, by weight: weighing the silicon-rich solution according to the proportion of 1: 1-10000: 1:
the fifth step: the aqueous organic waste and CaO mixture is continuously mixed with the silicon rich solution.
The grain size of CaO is less than 1mm, the concentration of monosilicic acid in the silicon-rich solution is 0.1-20%, and the monosilicic acid is H2SiO4The treatment time between the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO and the silicon-rich solution is from 1 minute to 2 months, the treated water-containing organic waste can be used as lime material, ammonia gas formed under the CaO treatment can be collected by a downward air exhaust method and a saturated ammonium salt solution exhaust method and the like and is used for preparing ammonia solution, the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO and the silicon-rich solution is mixed with sulfur according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the treated fertilizerMaterial utilization rate; mixing the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with urea according to the weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 so as to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the mixture of the water-containing organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution in the weight ratio is as follows: sulfur: urea (1-100): (1-100): (1-100) mixing a mixture of the aqueous organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution with sulfur and urea to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer; the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO is treated with the silicon-rich solution, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and sulfur is treated, the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution and urea is treated, and the final product after the mixture of the water-containing organic waste and CaO, the silicon-rich solution, sulfur and urea is used immediately after the final treatment or used after the culture is carried out for 1 minute to 1 year; the organic waste is manure, sludge, food waste and the like.
In view of the serious heavy metal pollution problem, a greenhouse test of the third treatment and the untreated chicken manure is organized on the Cd-polluted soil.
The following treated and untreated chicken manure were used in this test:
1. untreated chicken manure (abbreviation: manure);
2. the chicken manure is treated by CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15 percent of monosilicic acid), and the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of chicken manure (20% moisture), +200 liters of water, 100 kg of CaO, 20 kg of silicon-rich solution (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si-1);
3. the chicken manure is treated by CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15 percent of monosilicic acid), and the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of chicken manure (20% moisture), +200 liters of water, 200 kg of CaO, 40 kg of silicon-rich solution (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si-2);
4. the chicken manure is treated by CaO and a silicon-rich solution (15 percent of monosilicic acid), and the treatment formula is as follows: 1 ton of chicken manure (20% moisture), +200 liters of water, 200 kg of CaO, 10 kg of silicon-rich solution, then treated with urea (100 kg) and 100 kg of sulphur (abbreviation: manure + Ca + Si + urea + S);
the test uses grey forest soil. The soil has the following characteristics: pH 6.1, totalOrganic matter content 1.3%, CEC 10.3mg eq/100g, sand content 25.3%, total Cd content 3.5 mg/kg. Rice was used as the test material. Treated and untreated manure was applied at 1000 kg/ha dry weight. This material is applied before sowing and mixed with the soil (base fertilizer). The volume of the plastic tank was 1 liter. 10 rice seeds were planted per pot. 50 ml of distilled water was irrigated daily. The air temperature in the growth room is kept at 24 +/-2 ℃ in the daytime and at 22 +/-2 ℃ in the nighttime. The photoperiod is 12h, and the light intensity is 800 mu mol photon m-2s-1. The relative humidity of air is 50 +/-5% in the daytime and 60 +/-5% at night. Three replicates were set for each treatment.
After four weeks, the rice was harvested. The biomass of the root system and the aerial parts was measured. The data obtained are shown in Table 5. The biomass of the rice root system and the overground part in the control treatment were 1.4 g and 1.6 g, respectively. The application of untreated manure had a negative effect on rice biomass compared to the control treatment, with a 7.1% and 12.5% reduction in root and above ground biomass, respectively, which may be related to some toxicity of fresh manure. However, the application of the treated manure has a positive effect on the biomass of the rice root system and the overground part. The biomass of roots and overground parts treated by the manure, Ca and Si-1 is increased by 28.6 percent and 37.5 percent, the biomass of roots and overground parts of rice treated by the manure, Ca and Si-2 is increased by 50.0 percent and 62.5 percent, the biomass of roots and overground parts of rice treated by the manure, Ca, Si, urea and S is increased by 92.9 percent and 75.0 percent, wherein the manure treated by the CaO, the silicon-rich solution, the urea and the S has the best effect and the maximum fertilizer effect.
TABLE 5 Effect of treated and untreated manure (Chicken manure) on fresh Biomass of 4 weeks old Rice
The contents of Cd and Si in the collected rice roots and the ground are measured. The dried plant samples were digested with microwaves (dried at 65 ℃ for 24 hours) for total silicon and cadmium analysis. To analyze Si, 0.20. + -. 0.01g of the prepared sample was placed in each Teflon tube and 4mL of 50% NaOH was added. After standing for 12H, 2ml of 30% H was added2O2Standing for 30min, covering, placing in a microwave oven (CEM MARS 6MS5181) for 30min, analyzing Cd, digesting 0.20 + -0.01 g plant sample with a mixture of 4mL concentrated nitric acid and 2mL 30% hydrogen peroxide, standing overnight, and then digesting with microwave for 30 min. The silicon was analyzed by the molybdate method. Cadmium was analyzed by ICP-MS-I-Cap-Q (USA). The data obtained are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Total cadmium and Total silicon content in Rice root systems and Upper ground
The Cd contents of the rice root system and the overground part in the comparison treatment are respectively 4.84mg/kg and 3.54 mg/kg. The application of untreated manure significantly increased the total amount of Cd in the rice roots and above ground (5.76 and 4.66mg/kg), increased the total amount of Cd absorbed by the rice roots and above ground by 19.0% and 31.6%, which may be the result of increased bioactivity of heavy metal Cd due to a decrease in soil pH. In contrast, application of the treated fertilizer significantly reduced cadmium in the roots and upper ground. The Cd contents of the rice root system and the overground part in the three treatments of the manure + Ca + Si-1, the manure + Ca + Si-2 and the manure + Ca + Si + S are respectively reduced by 61.3 percent and 73.6 percent, 74.8 percent and 92.5 percent, 57.5 percent and 86.1 percent compared with the control (manure). The effect was greatest for plants grown on soil to which manure + Ca + Si-2 was applied. The total content of silicon in the rice roots and stems is obviously improved by applying the treated manure.
After the experiment was completed, all potted soil samples were collected and the following soil parameters were tested using the standard method: pH, total C, soil activity Cd (0.1n HCl), phytoavailable silicon (0.1n HCl). Each treated soil sample was set up for 3 replicates. Significant differences were calculated at a 5% level with Excel 2010. The data obtained are shown in Table 7. The pH of the soil for cultivation in the control treatment was 6.1 and the total C was 1.32%. Application of untreated manure significantly reduced the soil pH (5.4) compared to the control treatment, thereby affecting barley growth. The application of all three manure treatments increased the soil pH (7.4, 7.5 and 6.4). The total C value of the soil is improved by applying the treated manure and the untreated manure, and the total C contents of the four kinds of treated soil, namely the manure, the manure + Ca + Si-1, the manure + Ca + Si-2 and the manure + Ca + Si + S are respectively increased to 1.86%, 1.83%, 1.82% and 1.83%. The content of soil activity Cd and the content of effective Si of plants in the control treatment are respectively 12.5mg/kg and 345 mg/kg. The application of treated and untreated manure can reduce the content of soil active Cd and improve the effective silicon content of plants, the content of the soil active Cd of manure, manure + Ca + Si-1, manure + Ca + Si-2 and manure + Ca + Si + S is respectively reduced to 10.2, 5.3, 1.2 and 1.0mg/kg, and the effective silicon content of each treated plant is respectively increased to 354, 486, 576 and 428 mg/kg. This shows that three different manure treatment methods have significant effects on reducing the activity of heavy metal Cd in soil and increasing the plant growth nutrition (effective Si).
TABLE 7 Effect of treated and untreated manure on soil pH, Total carbon, soil Activity Cd and plant available Si
| Treatment of | pH | Total C% | Cd,mg/kg | Si,mg/kg |
| Control | 6.1 | 1.32 | 12.5 | 345 |
| Manure | 5.4 | 1.86 | 10.2 | 354 |
| Manure + Ca + Si-1 | 7.4 | 1.83 | 5.3 | 486 |
| Manure + Ca + Si-2 | 7.5 | 1.82 | 1.2 | 576 |
| Manure + Ca + Si + urea + S | 6.4 | 1.83 | 1.0 | 548 |
| LSD05 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.2 | 25 |
Claims (2)
1. A method for rapidly treating organic waste, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: weighing 1 ton of organic waste containing water, and adding 200 liters of water to control the water content of the organic waste;
the second step is that: weighing the water-containing organic waste prepared in the first step and 200 kg of CaO;
the third step: mixing the water-containing organic waste weighed in the second step with CaO to obtain a mixture of the water-containing organic waste and the CaO; ammonia gas formed under the CaO treatment is collected by a downward air exhaust method and a saturated ammonium salt solution exhaust method and is used for preparing an ammonia solution;
step four, weighing 10 kg of silicon-rich solution: the concentration of monosilicic acid in the silicon-rich solution is 15%, and the monosilicic acid is H2SiO4；
The fifth step: continuously mixing the aqueous organic waste prepared in the third step and the CaO mixture with the silicon-rich solution weighed in the fourth step;
and a sixth step: mixing the mixture of the aqueous organic waste, CaO and the silicon-rich solution prepared in the fifth step with 100 kg of sulfur and 100 kg of urea to reduce the pH value and improve the utilization rate of the treated fertilizer;
the organic waste is chicken manure with 20% of water.
2. A method for the rapid processing of organic waste as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the grain diameter of the CaO is less than 1 mm.
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