CN113088291A - Soil conditioner for effectively reducing cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for effectively reducing cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil conditioner for effectively reducing the cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice, which comprises the following components: 80-120 parts of ferric nitrate, 15-25 parts of metal sulfide, 60-80 parts of activated portland cement, 1-2 parts of GLDA-Zn/Mn and 35-60 parts of a calcium source. The invention can obviously reduce the effective cadmium and arsenic in the soil, and the reduction of the effective cadmium and arsenic in the soil can reach 40 percent and 39 percent; meanwhile, the invention can obviously reduce the cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the rice stems and leaves, the cadmium and arsenic reduction amplitude can reach 42 percent and 44 percent under a smaller application amount, and the cadmium accumulation in the mild and medium composite polluted rice is lower than the national safety threshold. The soil conditioner has a simple formula, can be suitable for the soil with different pH values, and has wider application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil treatment, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for effectively reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice in cadmium and arsenic composite polluted soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of modern industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal pollution in soil environment is increasingly caused by human activities. The soil in China is seriously polluted by heavy metal, and according to data provided by the national ministry of environmental protection in 2008, the cultivated land area polluted by heavy metal such As Cd, As, Pb and the like is nearly 2.0 x 107 hm 21/5, wherein the total cultivated land area is 1.0 x 107hm2The farmland irrigated by sewage has 3.3 x 106hm2Grains contaminated with heavy metals up to 1.2 x 10 annually7t, resulting in direct economic losses of over 200 billion dollars. Heavy metals in the environment have strong and durable biological toxicity and large chemical activity, are easily absorbed by plants and remain in the body, reduce the quality of agricultural products, are finally accumulated in the human body through food chain enrichment, and bring potential harm to the human health.
Common soil remediation methods include engineering physical techniques, chemical passivation techniques, and bioremediation techniques. The physical remediation technology is only suitable for remediation of small-area severely polluted soil, the bioremediation target biomass is low, the remediation period is long, and the subsequent treatment of plants is difficult, while the chemical passivation technology is a heavy metal pollution remediation treatment technology with low investment and quick effect, which directly or indirectly reduces the form and the bioavailability of heavy metals by adding a chemical modifier to change the physical and chemical properties of the soil so as to inhibit or reduce the absorption of the plants on the heavy metals. Cadmium and arsenic exist in various forms in soil, and mainly comprise exchangeable ion state, carbonate combined state and ferro-manganese oxide combined state residue state, wherein the exchangeable state activity is high and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, and organic combined state metal ions can be converted into active ion state under a certain condition, and vice versa, namely, the effective state cadmium arsenic and the combined residue state cadmium arsenic in the soil keep a dynamic balance. The conditioner is applied in soil, and aims to reduce the content of active cadmium and arsenic in the soil to a certain extent, thereby reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice.
In the prior art in the field, cadmium in soil is mainly passivated by quick lime, silicon-calcium fertilizer and the like, and arsenic in soil is passivated by ferric sulfate and ferric oxide passivators. At present, the conditioner for synchronously passivating cadmium and arsenic is not much, and the synchronous passivation effect is unstable or is not remarkable. The main reason is that the cadmium and arsenic synchronous passivation effect is difficult to grasp due to chemical properties of cadmium and arsenic (such as soil ph increase, soil cadmium activity reduction, and arsenic activity increase). If the two raw materials are simply mixed, the synchronous passivation effect on cadmium and arsenic is unstable and is not well controlled, and the unreasonable distribution can cause the reduction of the crop yield.
In conclusion, the field needs a soil conditioner which can effectively reduce the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in the cadmium and arsenic combined polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for effectively reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice in cadmium and arsenic composite polluted soil. The soil conditioner needs a simple formula, and can obviously reduce the content of effective cadmium and effective arsenic in soil under a lower application amount so as to effectively reduce the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a soil conditioner for effectively reducing the cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
80-120 parts of ferric nitrate, 15-25 parts of metal sulfide, 60-80 parts of activated portland cement, 1-2 parts of GLDA-Zn/Mn and 35-60 parts of a calcium source;
the calcium source is calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate;
the activated portland cement is obtained by calcining silicate at high temperature and fumigating in water bath.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the soil conditioner also comprises a filler. More preferably, the filler comprises plant ash and/or wood chips. The optimal scheme is that the weight part of the filler is 20-30 parts.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal sulfide is sodium sulfide, and/or the iron nitrate is iron nitrate nonahydrate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the activated portland cement comprises the following steps: respectively crushing and uniformly mixing silicate minerals, clay and limestone, calcining at 1150 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace, cooling, adding water glass, repeatedly calcining, performing filter pressing, discharging waste, and injecting into a water bath boiler for high-temperature fumigation; cooling, drying, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain activated silicate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the content of Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr in any component of the soil conditioner is respectively not more than 1mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 50 mg/kg; the contents of Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr in the soil conditioner are respectively not more than 1mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 50 mg/kg.
In the present invention, as a result of long-term research by the inventors, the reason why the above technical solution can solve the above technical object of the present invention may be as follows:
the addition of iron ions effectively reduces the activity of arsenic, Fe, in soil3++As3+/As5+Form ferric arsenate and ferric arsenite with extremely low solubility, and fix free arsenate and arsenite ions in the soil; meanwhile, the addition of the nitrate provides N, so that the development and growth of plants are increased, the oxidation-reduction potential in soil is changed, the soil oxidation is increased, and the fixation of the arsenic form of the soil is promoted. Meanwhile, the competitive power of the plant root system on cadmium absorption is increased by the exogenous iron, the growth of an iron film on the surface of the root of the plant root system is promoted, the fixation of the plant cadmium in the root system is facilitated, the iron content is (15-18%), and the N content is (12-15%).
The silicate is calcined at high temperature and fumigated in water bath, and the active silicon content reaches 10% (by SiO)2Meter) or so. The activated silicate is combined with free cadmium in the soil to form a multi-silicate composite structure, so that the cadmium is fixed in the soil, and the reduction of the content of cadmium in the soil is realizedMobility of Cd in soil. The effective silicon rich in the plant rhizosphere secretion microenvironment is enriched at the root tips of the plants and combined with Cd, so that the accumulation of Cd in the root system can be effectively prevented, and the transport of Cd from the underground part to the overground part is reduced. The special activated silicate has strong basicity, and the content of active ingredients in the activated silicate is regulated and controlled within a specific range, so that the pH value of the soil conditioner is ensured, and the soil restoration effect of the activated silicate can be promoted. The activated silicate enters the soil, and cations of the silicate are replaced under the environment that rhizosphere acid is secreted in a plant root system area to form active monosilicic acid; on the basis, monosilicic acid can react with Cd in soil to generate a silicic acid composite structure, the activity of cadmium in soil is passivated, and meanwhile, effective silicon can be enriched at the root tips of plants and combined with the Cd to effectively prevent the Cd from being transported to the overground part.
The hydrosulfide radical released by the hydrolysis of the metal sulfide and cadmium are subjected to complexing flocculation, and hydroxide ions generated by the hydrolysis increase the pH value of the soil and further reduce the activity of the metal ions. During the oxidation-reduction process of the sulfide in the soil, the change of the valence state of the sulfide causes the change of the pH value of the soil. Under the action of sodium sulfide, active cadmium with biological effectiveness in soil is converted into a carbonate binding state, meanwhile, the absorption of Cd by rhizosphere is influenced by the existence of sulfur element, and the compartmentalization of Cd by non-protein mercapto substance in plant body is combined, so that the transport of Cd from stem to seed is reduced.
The calcium source mainly provides metal cations and simultaneously regulates the pH value of the soil. The calcium oxide and the calcium carbonate can be specifically selected according to the situation, for example, the soil is acidic (about 5.0), the calcium source is recommended to increase the proportion of the calcium oxide, the soil is neutral (about 6.5), the calcium source is recommended to increase the proportion of the calcium carbonate, and the specific application amount is determined according to the pH value of the soil.
GLDA-Zn/Mn provides trace elements, promotes the growth and development of plants, forms a competitive action with cadmium and reduces the absorption of cadmium by crop roots. GLDA is a natural chelating agent, can passivate the activity of cadmium ions in soil, is a degradable material, and has the advantages of low cost and high cost performance, and the damage to the secondary pollution of the soil is minimized.
The main function of the filler is to increase the soil fertility and the soil porosity after the conditioner is applied.
It is to be noted in particular that, as shown in the comparative examples of the invention, during the course of its research, carried out numerous selection experiments with regard to the choice of the components and the application rates, finally found that the use of the solution according to the invention has surprising technical advantages.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the above soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing ferric nitrate, GLDA-Zn/Mn, metal sulfide and activated portland cement in the soil conditioner, drying, and then adding the calcium source;
(2) and (2) granulating the product obtained in the step (1), and drying until the moisture content is less than 5% to obtain the product.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the filler is added simultaneously with the calcium source.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the soil conditioner in reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in the rice in the cadmium and arsenic combined polluted soil. As a preferable scheme, when the application is carried out, the application dosage of the soil conditioner formula is 2000-3000 kg/ha.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can obviously reduce the effective cadmium and the effective arsenic in the soil, and the reduction of the effective cadmium and the effective arsenic in the soil can reach 40 percent and 39 percent; meanwhile, the cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the rice stems and leaves can be remarkably reduced, the cadmium and arsenic reduction amplitude can reach 42% and 44% under a small application amount, and the cadmium accumulation in rice (in medium and light polluted areas) in a test area is lower than a national safety threshold.
2. The soil conditioner has a simple formula, is suitable for the soil with different pH values by adjusting the proportion of calcium oxide to calcium carbonate in the calcium source, and has wider application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of soil available cadmium/available arsenic and cadmium arsenic content (mg/kg) in rice stem and leaf in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of cadmium arsenic accumulation (mg/kg) in rice of example 2 at different periods;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of cadmium arsenic accumulation (mg/kg) in rice of different application amounts of the soil conditioner in example 3;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs showing the results of the soil effective cadmium/arsenic content (mg/kg) in comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of comparison of the soil effective cadmium/arsenic content and the rice cadmium arsenic accumulation (mg/kg) in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of comparison of the soil effective cadmium/arsenic content and the accumulation of cadmium arsenic (mg/kg) in plant stems and leaves in example 3;
figure 8 is a picture of an experiment of replacing nitrogen fertilizer with ferric nitrate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The processing procedure of this embodiment is: the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:
TABLE 1
In an indoor soil culture test, cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows:
pH 5.5; effective cadmium is 0.41 mg/kg; the total cadmium is 0.83 mg/kg; the total arsenic is 62.7mg/kg
The experiment of this example was set up with the following 3 treatments in total
CK: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil
T1: rice and cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil and 2000kg/ha composite passivation material
T2: rice and cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil and 3000kg/ha composite passivation material
And after 7 days of soil culture, transplanting the germinated rice seedlings, and sampling and testing after 30 days of culture. The results are as follows: as shown in part 1-a in part 1, compared with CK, T1 and T2, the treatment of the cadmium-arsenic alloy in the state of extraction of ammonium acetate in soil is effective in reducing the cadmium-arsenic in the state of extraction of the ammonium acetate in the soil, and the passivation effect is increased along with the increase of the dosage. Wherein, the reduction of the effective cadmium and arsenic in the soil is respectively 40% and 39% (P is less than 0.05) under the treatment of T2; cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the stems and leaves of the rice treated by T1 and T2 is also obviously reduced (shown as 1-b in figure 1), and when the application amount is 2000kg/ha, the cadmium and arsenic reduction amplitude is 26 percent and 31 percent; when the application amount is increased to 3000kg/ha, the cadmium arsenic is reduced by 42 percent and 44 percent.
Example 2
The processing procedure of this embodiment is: the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
The field test is carried out, Jinhua Zhejiang is selected, and medium and light cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows:
pH 5.0; effective cadmium is 0.22 mg/kg; the total cadmium is 0.42 mg/kg; the total arsenic is 20.2mg/kg, and the effective arsenic is 1.1 mg/kg.
The experiment of this example was set up with the following 2 treatments in total
CK: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil
T1: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil +3000kg/ha of the passivation material
Samples taken in the full tillering stage of the rice analyze the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in stems and leaves/roots, samples are taken after the rice is mature to analyze the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in the rice, and the result is shown in figure 2: compared with the CK in the rice stem and leaf in the tillering stage, the cadmium is reduced by 70 percent, and the arsenic is reduced by 29 percent; cadmium and arsenic in root systems are reduced by about 45 percent; and when the cadmium is accumulated by 0.25mg/kg after the CK treatment of the rice in the mature period and exceeds the safe utilization limit of the rice, the cadmium accumulation of the rice is 0.17mg/kg (P is less than 0.05) after the T1 treatment, the cadmium is lower than the national safety threshold (0.2mg/kg), the arsenic reduction amplitude of the rice is 25 percent and is as low as 0.08mg/kg (P is less than 0.05), so that the obvious effect of repairing medium and light cadmium and arsenic composite pollution is realized, and the cadmium of the rice can be reduced to the safe utilization range.
Example 3
The processing procedure of this embodiment is: the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight in a table 3:
TABLE 3
The field test is carried out, the site is selected, the Changsha Liuyang is selected, the cadmium arsenic compound contaminated soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows:
pH 6.3; effective cadmium is 0.32 mg/kg; the total cadmium is 0.78 mg/kg; the total arsenic content is 53.2mg/kg
The experiment of this example was conducted with the following 5 treatments in total
CK: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil
T1: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil and 1500kg/ha combined passivation material
T2: rice and cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil and 2000kg/ha composite passivation material
T3: rice and cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil and 2500kg/ha composite passivation material
T4: rice and cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil and 3000kg/ha composite passivation material
The results are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 3, the cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the rice are remarkably reduced under all treatments, the cadmium reduction amplitude of the rice is 89%, the cadmium content of the rice treated by CK is 0.83mg/kg, the cadmium content of the rice treated by CK is reduced to be below 0.2mg/kg under 4 dosage treatments, and the rice reaches the safe edible standard, wherein the cadmium content of the rice treated by T2 is reduced to be 0.054 mg/kg; the average reduction of the arsenic of the rice is 26 percent, wherein the arsenic of the rice is the lowest under the treatment of T3 and is 0.21mg/kg (P is less than 0.05); in conclusion, the T3 has the best synchronous passivation effect when treating cadmium and arsenic, the cadmium and arsenic are respectively and effectively reduced by 87 percent and 36 percent (P is less than 0.05), and the cadmium and arsenic of rice all reach the safe edible standard.
Meanwhile, the input of ferric nitrate can replace nitrogen fertilizer to a certain extent to promote the development and growth of plants (figure 8), the experiment takes common nitrogen fertilizer sources of urea and sodium chloride as a control, a blank control is arranged, and ferric nitrate, ferric nitrate-urea, ferric nitrate-ammonium chloride, urea, ammonium chloride and the like are used for treatment, so that rice seedlings are transplanted into the culture soil, and the result shows that the ferric nitrate can promote the growth of plants, and the ferric nitrate can play a role in synergism by matching with the urea/ammonium chloride. Plant growth sequence: blank control < ferric nitrate-urea < ferric nitrate-ammonium chloride < urea < ammonium chloride.
Comparative example 1
Different concentration gradients of ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferric phosphate are set in the treatment of the comparative example, specific application amounts are treated in 1 group, 100g of cadmium-arsenic contaminated soil is weighed and cultured for 10 days, the effective cadmium-arsenic content of the soil is tested, meanwhile, ferric nitrate with different concentrations is selected and treated in 2 groups, rice seedling stage culture is carried out, and after 30 days of culture, the accumulation of arsenic in soil-plants is tested.
CK: cadmium-arsenic contaminated soil
C1-C4 is 0.1mM ferric chloride; 0.15mM ferric chloride; 0.2mM ferric chloride; 0.25mM ferric chloride
N1-N4: 0.1mM ferric nitrate; 0.15mM ferric nitrate; 0.2mM ferric nitrate; 0.25mM ferric nitrate
P1-P4: 0.1mM iron phosphate; 0.15mM iron phosphate; 0.2mM iron phosphate; 0.25mM iron phosphate
S1-S4: 0.1mM ferric sulfate; 0.15mM ferric sulfate; 0.2mM ferric sulfate; 0.25mM ferric sulfate
Weighing 100g of cadmium-arsenic contaminated soil, sequentially adding the materials, culturing for 14 days, and testing the effective cadmium-arsenic content of the soil, wherein the results are as follows:
compared with CK, the effective arsenic content of the soil is reduced to different degrees by four dosage treatments of ferric nitrate and four treatments of ferric sulfate, the effective arsenic reduction amplitude is 38% -52% (P is less than 0.05) by the treatment of ferric nitrate, the effective arsenic reduction amplitude of ferric sulfate to the soil is 5-16%, and the effect of arsenic passivation is obviously weaker than that of ferric nitrate; the low-concentration ferric chloride has a promotion effect (6-10%) on the activity of the effective arsenic in the soil, and the passivation rate of the high-concentration effective arsenic in the soil is 3-7%; the iron phosphate shows an increasing trend on the arsenic activity of the soil, and increases with the increasing application amount. Meanwhile, the reduction efficiency of the iron nitrate to the effective cadmium in the soil is 29 percent (P is less than 0.05), the passivation efficiency of the iron phosphate and the ferric chloride to the active cadmium in the soil is lower than that of the iron nitrate and is sequentially 8 percent and 3 percent, the low-dose ferric sulfate has a promoting effect on the increase of the cadmium activity in the soil, and when the application amount is 0.2mM or less, the effective cadmium activity in the soil is increased by 3 to 6 percent; when the dosage is increased to 0.25mM, the reduction of the effective cadmium of the soil is 7 percent. In summary, we prefer ferric nitrate as the iron salt, and compound the passivator material to perform the plant seedling culture test (treatment group 2).
CK: arsenic-contaminated soil and rice seedlings are cultured;
1 arsenic-contaminated soil, rice seedling culture and 0.1mM ferric nitrate;
2, arsenic contaminated soil, rice seedling culture and 0.15mM ferric nitrate;
3 arsenic contaminated soil, rice seedling culture and 0.2mM ferric nitrate;
4 arsenic contaminated soil, rice seedling culture and 0.25mM ferric nitrate;
in an indoor soil culture test, cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows: pH5.5; the total arsenic is 53.2mg/kg, and the rice seedlings are 39 rice varieties in the middle-early stage.
Adding the ferric salt into the polluted soil, adding water, uniformly stirring, standing for 14 days, transplanting the germinated rice seedlings, cultivating for 30 days, and then sampling and testing. The results are as follows:
under the high-dose ferric nitrate treatment (4), the pH value of the soil is reduced by 0.2(P is less than 0.05); 1.3.4 treatment effectively reduces the accumulation of arsenic in the root system of the plant, wherein the reduction of the arsenic in the root system is 50% (P is less than 0.05) under 4 treatment; all treatments reduced arsenic accumulation in the stems and leaves, and treatment 3 reduced the level by 58%. 3.4 the treatment effectively reduces the effective arsenic content of the soil by 12-15% (P < 0.05).
Comparative example 2
In an indoor soil potting test, cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows:
pH 5.4; effective cadmium is 0.42 mg/kg; the total cadmium is 0.84 mg/kg; total arsenic 67.1mg/kg the experiments of this comparative example were set up for a total of 3 treatments, potting experiments.
CK: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil
T1: rice + cadmium arsenic combined contaminated soil +3000kg/ha (iron-nitrate: calcium silicate ═ 5:5)
T2: rice + cadmium arsenic composite contaminated soil +3000kg/ha (iron-nitrate: calcium silicate: humic acid organic matter 4:4:2)
Weighing 2kg of cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil, adding the conditioner material, transplanting germinated rice seedlings after the soil is cultured for 2 weeks, culturing until the rice is mature, and testing the effective cadmium-arsenic content of the soil and the cadmium-arsenic accumulation condition in the rice. The results are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 6, the content of available cadmium arsenic in soil in the mature period is slightly reduced under the treatment of T1 and T2; the effective cadmium of the soil treated by the T1 is reduced by 6.4 percent, and the effective arsenic is reduced by 7.6 percent; the effective cadmium reduction amplitude is 20.9 percent (P is less than 0.05) and the effective arsenic reduction amplitude is 14.4 percent under the treatment of T2. Under the CK treatment, the cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the rice is respectively 0.261mg/kg and 0.222 mg/kg; the reduction of cadmium and arsenic by T1 treatment is 15 percent and 24 percent (P is less than 0.05); the T2 amplitude reduction is 28% (P <0.05), 15.5%; the cadmium and arsenic content in rice grains can be reduced, and the two combinations need further optimization for synchronously reducing the cadmium and arsenic.
Comparative example 3
The processing procedure of this embodiment is: the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by mass:
| ferric nitrate nonahydrate | Activated silicate | Calcium carbonate | Sodium sulfide | After mixing | |
| E1 formulation ratio (%) | 30 | 30 | 40 | 0 | 100 |
| E2 formulation ratio (%) | 30 | 30 | 0 | 40 | 100 |
In an indoor soil culture test, cadmium-arsenic composite polluted soil is selected, and the basic properties are as follows:
pH 6.3; effective cadmium is 0.32 mg/kg; the total cadmium is 0.78 mg/kg; the total arsenic content is 53.2mg/kg
The experiment of this example was set up with the following 3 treatments, a potting experiment.
CK: rice and cadmium-arsenic combined polluted soil
E1: rice and cadmium arsenic combined polluted soil +3000kg/ha composite material E1
E2: rice and cadmium arsenic combined polluted soil +3000kg/ha composite material E2
Adding the conditioner material, culturing in soil for 2 weeks, transplanting germinated rice seedlings, culturing for 30d, and sampling for testing. The results are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 7, the cadmium and arsenic accumulation in the rice stem and leaf tissues under the management of E1 and E2 in the harvest period are reduced to different degrees, the arsenic reduction amplitude of the stem and leaf under the treatment of E1 is 43 percent (P is less than 0.05), and the cadmium reduction amplitude is 5 percent; the cadmium and arsenic of the stem leaves treated by the E2 reduce the amplitude by 12 to 18 percent. The effective cadmium/effective arsenic in the soil is also reduced to different degrees, wherein the reduction amplitude of the effective cadmium and arsenic in the soil under the treatment of E1 is 11-47%; the reduction of the effective cadmium/effective arsenic of the soil treated by the E2 is 18-27%.
Claims (10)
1. The soil conditioner for effectively reducing the cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
80-120 parts of ferric nitrate, 15-25 parts of sodium sulfide, 60-80 parts of activated portland cement, 1-2 parts of GLDA-Zn/Mn and 35-60 parts of a calcium source;
the calcium source is calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate;
the activated portland cement is obtained by calcining silicate at high temperature and fumigating in water bath.
2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, further comprising a filler.
3. The soil conditioner of claim 2, wherein the filler comprises plant ash and/or wood chips.
4. The soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the filler is 20 to 30 parts by weight.
5. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the alkali sulfide is sodium sulfide, and/or the ferric nitrate is ferric nitrate nonahydrate.
6. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the activated portland cement is prepared by a method comprising: respectively crushing and uniformly mixing silicate minerals, clay and limestone, calcining at 1150 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace, cooling, adding water glass, repeatedly calcining, performing filter pressing, discharging waste, and injecting into a water bath boiler for high-temperature fumigation; cooling, drying, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain activated silicate.
7. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the content of Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr in any one of the components of the soil conditioner is no more than 1mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 50mg/kg, respectively; the contents of Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr in the soil conditioner are respectively not more than 1mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 50 mg/kg.
8. A preparation method of a soil conditioner for effectively reducing the cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing ferric nitrate, GLDA-Zn/Mn, metal sulphide and activated portland cement in the soil conditioner of any one of claims 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7, drying and adding the calcium source;
(2) and (2) granulating the product obtained in the step (1), and drying until the moisture content is less than 5% to obtain the product.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the filler according to any one of claims 2 to 4 is added simultaneously with the calcium source in step (1).
10. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 or 9 for reducing the accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in the soil polluted by cadmium and arsenic; preferably, in the application, the soil conditioner formula is applied at a dosage of 2000-3000 kg/ha.
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| CN114985446A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 中山大学 | Method for synchronously reducing cadmium and arsenic content of rice in acidic cadmium-arsenic composite polluted rice field |
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