CN111440617A - Soil conditioner, and preparation method and application of soil conditioner - Google Patents
Soil conditioner, and preparation method and application of soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN111440617A CN111440617A CN202010494126.4A CN202010494126A CN111440617A CN 111440617 A CN111440617 A CN 111440617A CN 202010494126 A CN202010494126 A CN 202010494126A CN 111440617 A CN111440617 A CN 111440617A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil organic pollution remediation, in particular to a soil conditioner, a preparation method and application of the soil conditioner; the soil conditioner of the invention comprises a first agent and a second agent which are mixed; the first agent comprises wheat straws subjected to anaerobic fermentation and organic fertilizer, and the second agent comprises sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to soil remediation, and can promote the absorption capacity of the remediation plants on heavy metal cadmium in the soil, so that the period of soil remediation by the remediation plants is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil organic pollution remediation, in particular to a soil conditioner, a preparation method of the soil conditioner and application of the soil conditioner.
Background
Due to the large use of pesticides and fertilizers, the exploitation and smelting production of heavy metal minerals, sewage irrigation and the like, a lot of farmlands are seriously polluted by heavy metals. The most common heavy metal pollutant of farmland heavy metal is cadmium, which seriously affects food safety. On one hand, heavy metal cadmium is enriched in plants and finally enters a human body through a food chain to cause environmental risks and human health risks; on the other hand, the free heavy metal cadmium may permeate into the ground and pollute the ground water, increasing the pollution range, and thus having wide influence on multiple layers of human living environment.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection in recent years. The farmland heavy metal pollution repair work is also carried out in a large number, and two main trends exist in farmland heavy metal repair:
(1) the passivation repair technology is adopted to passivate heavy metals in the farmland, so that the enrichment of heavy metals in crops is avoided, and the food safety is ensured. However, the remediation technology treats the symptoms and does not treat the root causes of heavy metals which always exist in soil, and great potential safety hazards exist.
(2) Heavy metals in the farmland are absorbed into the restoration plants by adopting a restoration plant enrichment technology, and the restoration plants are subjected to harmless treatment so as to thoroughly eliminate the pollution of the farmland heavy metals and avoid hidden dangers.
However, the adoption of the restoration plant enrichment technology has the problems of long time consumption and non-ideal economic benefit for farmland production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application of the soil conditioner.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a soil conditioner comprising a first agent and a second agent mixed; the first agent comprises wheat straws subjected to anaerobic fermentation and organic fertilizer, and the second agent comprises sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride.
In an optional embodiment, the first agent comprises 60-80% of wheat straw and 20-40% of organic fertilizer by weight percentage.
In an alternative embodiment, the second agent comprises 45% to 55% sodium phosphate and 45% to 55% ammonium chloride by weight.
In an alternative embodiment, the weight ratio of the first agent to the second agent is 7-9: 1.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, which comprises the steps of mixing wheat straws and organic fertilizer, and performing anaerobic fermentation to prepare a first medicament; mixing sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride to obtain a second agent; the first and second agents are mixed.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is between 35 and 45 ℃.
In an optional embodiment, the wheat straw organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 60-80% of wheat straw and 20-40% of organic fertilizer by weight percentage.
In an alternative embodiment, this includes mixing 45% to 55% by weight sodium phosphate and 45% to 55% ammonium chloride.
In an alternative embodiment, the weight ratio of the first agent to the second agent is 7-9: 1.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide the use of a soil conditioner as described in any one of the preceding embodiments or made by a method of making a soil conditioner as described in any one of the preceding embodiments.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the soil conditioner provided by the invention comprises wheat straws subjected to anaerobic fermentation, an organic fertilizer, sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride, wherein the carbon content of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer is higher, so that the soil fertility can be effectively improved; when the soil conditioner is applied to soil remediation, the growth of the remediation plants can be promoted, so that the remediation plants with good growth vigor can be utilized, the enrichment capacity of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is improved, and the period of soil remediation by the remediation plants is further shortened; the sodium phosphate in the soil conditioner is strong acid and weak base salt, the pH value of the soil can be well controlled, the soil is kept in a weak acid environment, the release of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is promoted, the ammonium chloride can better promote the conversion of each cadmium with a relatively stable form to an active state, the remediation of plants can be promoted to enrich more cadmium in the soil, the soil remediation efficiency is improved, the remediation period is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is promoted to be improved.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner provided by the invention can prepare the soil conditioner comprising the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer which are subjected to anaerobic fermentation, and sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride, wherein the carbon content of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer is higher, so that the soil fertility can be effectively improved; when the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method is applied to soil remediation, the growth of the remediation plants can be promoted, so that the remediation plants with good growth vigor can be utilized, the enrichment capacity of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is improved, and the period of soil remediation by the remediation plants is shortened; the sodium phosphate in the soil conditioner is strong acid and weak base salt, the pH value of the soil can be well controlled, the soil is kept in a weak acid environment, the release of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is promoted, the ammonium chloride can better promote the conversion of each cadmium with a relatively stable form to an active state, the remediation of plants can be promoted to enrich more cadmium in the soil, the soil remediation efficiency is improved, the remediation period is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is promoted to be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the results of the experiment in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The invention provides a soil conditioner which can be applied to soil planted with remediation plants and is used for promoting the remediation plants to absorb heavy metal cadmium in the soil, so that the absorption capacity of the remediation plants to the cadmium is improved, good soil remediation capacity is achieved, the soil remediation period is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is improved. The restoration plant may be amaranthus hypochondriacus capable of enriching the heavy metal cadmium in the soil.
The soil conditioner comprises a first medicament and a second medicament which are mixed, wherein the first medicament comprises wheat straws and organic fertilizers which are subjected to anaerobic fermentation, and the second medicament comprises sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride.
The carbon content of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer is high, so that the soil fertility can be effectively improved; when the soil conditioner is applied to soil remediation, the growth of the remediation plants can be promoted, so that the remediation plants with good growth vigor can be utilized, the enrichment capacity of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is improved, and the period of soil remediation by the remediation plants is further shortened; the sodium phosphate in the soil conditioner is strong acid and weak base salt, the pH value of the soil can be well controlled, the soil is kept in a weak acid environment, the release of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is promoted, the ammonium chloride can better promote the conversion of each cadmium with a relatively stable form to an active state, the remediation of plants can be promoted to enrich more cadmium in the soil, the soil remediation efficiency is improved, the remediation period is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is promoted to be improved.
The organic fertilizer is used in the soil conditioner, so that the fertilizer can be prevented from being used greatly, the cost can be reduced, and the ecological construction of a farmland can be promoted. It should be further noted that the organic fertilizer in the present invention may be various types of organic fertilizers provided by the related art, and is not specifically limited herein.
The first agent of the soil conditioner comprises 60-80% of wheat straw and 20-40% of organic fertilizer by weight percentage. Therefore, the soil conditioner can be ensured to have good fertilizer efficiency, and the growth of the restoration plants can be effectively promoted, so that the cadmium in the soil can be fully enriched by the restoration plants which grow vigorously, the soil restoration capability can be improved, and the restoration period can be shortened.
The anaerobic fermentation temperature of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer is 35-45 ℃; the fermentation time may be about 10 days, for example: 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, etc. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the anaerobic fermentation of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer, the fermentation environment should not be ventilated during the anaerobic fermentation.
The wheat straw used in the preparation method can be wheat straw small sections with the length of about 1-2cm, water can be added into the mixture after the wheat straw and the organic fertilizer are mixed, and then anaerobic fermentation is carried out to ensure the smooth operation of the anaerobic fermentation.
The weight ratio of the water added into the mixture of the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer is about 50 percent approximately, and the water can be distilled water, deionized water and the like. During the anaerobic fermentation, water can be supplemented every day, so that the water content of the mixture subjected to anaerobic fermentation is kept at about 40%.
After fermentation is completed, the fermented mixture may be dried to a moisture content of about 30%, and then pulverized and sieved through a 50 mesh sieve.
The second agent of the soil conditioner comprises 45-55 wt% of sodium phosphate and 45-55 wt% of ammonium chloride. Thus, the pH value of the soil is ensured to be suitable for the release of heavy metal cadmium in the soil, the cadmium in each relatively stable state in the soil can be promoted to be converted into an active state, and the absorption of heavy metals by restoring plants can be promoted.
The sodium phosphate and the ammonium chloride can be sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, so that the soil conditioner can better regulate the soil after being applied to the soil.
The weight ratio of the first agent to the second agent of the soil conditioner is 7-9: 1. Therefore, the repairing plants can be ensured to grow fully, namely the growth of the repairing plants is not influenced adversely, the pollutant cadmium in the soil can be ensured to be released fully, or the soil is changed from a stable state to an active state for the enrichment of the repairing plants, so that the cadmium in the soil can be removed efficiently.
When the soil conditioner provided by the invention is applied, the application amount of the soil conditioner can be 1-5%, specifically: the soil conditioner is applied in an amount of about 1 to 5 tons per 100 tons of soil.
The soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low price, high economic feasibility, no secondary pollution to the environment, convenience in use and capability of applying different amounts of soil conditioners according to the pollution degree of soil.
The present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Cutting wheat straws into small segments with the length of 1-2cm, respectively weighing the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer with the mass ratio of 7:3, putting the wheat straws and the organic fertilizer into a beaker, adding distilled water with the mass ratio of 50%, uniformly stirring, sealing the opening of the beaker with gauze, putting the beaker into a constant-temperature incubator with the temperature of 40 ℃ (without ventilation) for 10 days for anaerobic fermentation, supplementing the distilled water every day during the fermentation period to keep the water content of about 40%, cooling and drying the beaker after 10 days until the water content is about 30%, and crushing the beaker to pass through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
Weighing sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1, uniformly mixing, crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the second medicament.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 9:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 2
Weighing 1-2cm long wheat straw sections and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentage of 60% and 40%, mixing, adding 52% of distilled water, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature environment of 35 ℃ for anaerobic fermentation for 9 days, supplementing distilled water every day during fermentation to keep the water content at about 45%, cooling and drying after 9 days until the water content is about 32%, and crushing through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The second medicament is obtained by weighing 45 percent and 55 percent of sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride respectively, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 7:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 3
Weighing 1-2cm long wheat straw sections and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentage of 80% and 20%, mixing, adding 48% of distilled water, uniformly stirring, placing in a temperature environment of 45 ℃ for anaerobic fermentation for 11 days, supplementing distilled water every day during fermentation to keep the water content of about 38%, cooling and drying after 11 days until the water content is about 28%, and crushing through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The second medicament is obtained by weighing 55% and 45% of sodium phosphate and 45% of ammonium chloride respectively, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 7:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 4
Weighing 1-2cm long wheat straw sections and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentage of 73% and 27%, mixing, adding 53% distilled water, stirring uniformly, placing in a temperature environment of 41 ℃ for anaerobic fermentation for 9 days, supplementing distilled water every day during fermentation to keep the water content at about 41%, cooling and drying after 9 days until the water content is about 31%, and crushing through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The sodium phosphate and the ammonium chloride are weighed according to the weight percentage of 52 percent and 48 percent respectively, are uniformly mixed, crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the second medicament.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 5
Weighing 1-2cm long wheat straw sections and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentages of 67% and 33%, respectively, mixing, adding 48% of distilled water by mass, uniformly stirring, placing in a 45 ℃ temperature environment for anaerobic fermentation for 10 days, supplementing distilled water every day during fermentation to keep the water content at about 39%, cooling and drying after 10 days until the water content is about 27%, and crushing through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The second medicament is obtained by weighing 46 percent and 54 percent of sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride respectively, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 9:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 6
Weighing 1-2cm long wheat straw sections and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentage of 76% and 24%, mixing, adding 46% of distilled water, stirring uniformly, placing in a temperature environment of 38 ℃ for anaerobic fermentation for 10 days, supplementing distilled water every day during fermentation to keep the water content at about 40%, cooling and drying after 10 days until the water content is about 30%, and crushing through 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The second medicament is obtained by weighing 53 percent and 47 percent of sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride respectively, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 7:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 7
Respectively weighing wheat straw segments with the length of 1-2cm and organic fertilizer according to the weight percentage of 70% and 30%, mixing, carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and crushing and sieving by 50 meshes to obtain the first medicament.
The second medicament is obtained by weighing 50 percent and 50 percent of sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride respectively, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
And uniformly mixing the first medicament and the second medicament according to the weight ratio of 9:1 to obtain the soil conditioner.
The following tests were carried out with the soil conditioner provided in example 1:
and respectively weighing 20kg of the uniformly stirred soil polluted by the heavy metal cadmium, dividing into A, B groups, and placing the A, B groups into A, B two experimental basins. Wherein, no conditioner is added in the group A, only proper compound fertilizer is added to ensure the normal growth of the plants, and 30 grain amaranth plants are planted. And (3) applying a soil conditioner in the group B according to 2% of the soil mass, uniformly mixing, not adding a compound fertilizer, and planting 30 grain amaranth plants. Regular addition of water during the A, B experiments ensured that the plants grew normally. Collecting 3-5 strains with best expansion potential in the AB group at 45 days to detect the concentration of heavy metal cadmium in the rhizome and the leaf. It should be noted that the soil heavy metal cadmium pollution concentration measured in advance before the experiment was 1.25 mg/kg.
Experimental results fig. 1, experimental results analysis: the experimental result clearly shows that the average concentration of cadmium in the root, stem and leaf of the restoring plant amaranthus hypochondriacus is 15.87mg/kg, 14.59mg/kg and 9.08mg/kg respectively under the condition of only applying the compound fertilizer without adding any regulator in the group A. The experimental result of the group A is obviously lower than that of the group B in which the conditioner is added to repair the cadmium in the roots, stems and leaves of the plant amaranthus hypochondriacus with the average concentration of 32.75mg/kg, 35.86mg/kg and 19.75mg/kg respectively. Further, the soil conditioner can be added to greatly promote the absorption of heavy metal cadmium in soil by the restoring plant amaranthus hypochondriacus so as to greatly shorten the restoring period.
In conclusion, the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is applied to soil remediation, and can promote the absorption capacity of the remediation plants on heavy metal cadmium in the soil, so that the period of soil remediation by the remediation plants is shortened, and the economic benefit of farmland production is promoted.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil conditioner comprising a first agent and a second agent in admixture; the first medicament comprises wheat straws subjected to anaerobic fermentation and an organic fertilizer, and the second medicament comprises sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride.
2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the first agent comprises 60-80% by weight of the wheat straw and 20-40% by weight of the organic fertilizer.
3. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein said second agent comprises 45% to 55% by weight of said sodium phosphate and 45% to 55% by weight of said ammonium chloride.
4. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first agent to the second agent is 7-9: 1.
5. A preparation method of a soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing wheat straws and organic fertilizer, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation to prepare a first medicament; mixing sodium phosphate and ammonium chloride to obtain a second agent; mixing the first and second medicaments.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation is at a temperature of 35-45 ℃.
7. A method of preparing a soil conditioner as claimed in claim 5, including mixing 60-80% by weight of said wheat straw with 20-40% by weight of said organic fertilizer.
8. A method of preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 5, comprising mixing 45-55% by weight of said sodium phosphate and 45-55% by weight of said ammonium chloride.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of the first agent to the second agent is 7-9: 1.
10. Use of a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 or a soil conditioner obtainable by a process for the preparation of a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9.
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| CN113265255A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-08-17 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Conditioner for restoring chromium-containing polluted soil by phytolacca acinosa plants and preparation method and application of conditioner |
| CN116162004A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-05-26 | 贵州大学 | Straw fermentation method and straw returning method suitable for mercury contaminated soil |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112534984A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-23 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Method for improving soft clay into planting soil |
| CN113265255A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-08-17 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Conditioner for restoring chromium-containing polluted soil by phytolacca acinosa plants and preparation method and application of conditioner |
| CN116162004A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-05-26 | 贵州大学 | Straw fermentation method and straw returning method suitable for mercury contaminated soil |
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Application publication date: 20200724 |