CN112715872A - 一种柔鱼火腿肠及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种柔鱼火腿肠及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于水产品加工技术领域,具体公开了一种柔鱼火腿肠及其制备工艺,所述制备工艺包括以下步骤:步骤1.将柔鱼和鸡胸肉洗净切丁、冰水漂洗,然后加入复合磷酸盐、调料、大豆油、淀粉以及冰水斩拌得肉馅;步骤2.将牛肉洗净切丁,加入亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐腌制后定形得牛肉丁;步骤3.将肉馅、牛肉丁和防腐剂混匀灌肠、熟制杀菌得柔鱼火腿肠。本发明通过调节原辅料的配比,制备得到一种风味独特的健康的柔鱼火腿肠。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种柔鱼火腿肠及其制备工艺。
背景技术
柔鱼,俗称鱿鱼,其肉质鲜美,具有低肪高蛋白、富含氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸等优点,食用价值大且价格低廉。据中医记载,柔鱼具补虚润肤,滋阴养胃之功效,医药价值较高,对调节机体代谢大有益处。目前主要应用于内科和妇科且疗效可观。作为我国水产品加工业的支柱,因消费者的一些认识误区,导致其未被很好接受,产业发展相对滞后。当前国内主要以鱼丝、鱼干及简单的半成品为主,存在产品单一、生产规模小等问题。为此,开发出新产品对促进我国柔鱼产业发展极具意义。
火腿肠因其味道鲜嫩、携带便捷、食用简单、贮存期长等特点,倍受青睐。但营养不均衡、脂肪含量高等缺点成现今亟待解决的难题。需要找出一种低脂、高蛋白、营养全面且价格相对低廉的优质原料。国外火腿研究人员主要关注加工工艺的改进研究及营养健康火腿肠的生产。显然,通过优化加工工艺生产营养健康的低脂火腿肠已成必然趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种独具风味的柔鱼火腿肠。
本发明首先提供了一种柔鱼火腿肠的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将柔鱼和鸡胸肉洗净切丁、冰水漂洗,然后加入复合磷酸盐、调料、大豆油、淀粉以及冰水斩拌得肉馅;
步骤2.将牛肉洗净切丁,加入亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐腌制后定形得牛肉丁;
步骤3.将肉馅、牛肉丁和防腐剂混匀灌肠、熟制杀菌得柔鱼火腿肠。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:2~3:1;优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:2~2:1;更优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:1~2:1;最优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:1。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~5%;优选的,所述大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的3%。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~7%;优选的,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的3~7%;更优选的,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的5%。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述调料是指食盐、白糖、香油和白胡椒粉。
其中,上述的制备工艺,所述食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1.5~4%,所述白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%,所述香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%,所述白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~0.3%;优选的,所述食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的2%,所述白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.5%,所述香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.6%,所述白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.12%。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述复合磷酸盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的2~3%;所述斩拌过程中冰水的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量1/2。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤1中,所述复合磷酸盐的添加量为牛肉重量的0.2~0.5%;所述亚硝酸盐的添加量为牛肉重量的0.01%。
其中,上述的制备工艺,步骤3中,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的4~8%,所述防腐剂的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.2~0.5%;优选的,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的6~8%;更优选的,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的8%。
本发明还提供了一种上述制备工艺制备的柔鱼火腿肠。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过调节原辅料的配比,制备得到一种风味独特的健康的柔鱼火腿肠。
具体实施方式
具体的,一种柔鱼火腿肠的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将柔鱼和鸡胸肉洗净切丁、冰水漂洗,然后加入复合磷酸盐、调料、大豆油、淀粉以及冰水斩拌得肉馅;
步骤2.将牛肉洗净切丁,加入亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐腌制后定形得牛肉丁;
步骤3.将肉馅、牛肉丁和防腐剂混匀灌肠、熟制杀菌得柔鱼火腿肠。
更具体的,一种柔鱼火腿肠的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将柔鱼和鸡胸肉洗净切丁、冰水漂洗,然后将肉丁空斩1-2min,加入复合磷酸盐、食盐斩拌1-2min,再加冰水(1/4)斩拌30s,加大豆油及调料斩拌1-2min,最后加淀粉及剩下冰水斩拌1-2min得肉馅;
步骤2.将牛肉洗净切丁,加入亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐腌制后定形得牛肉丁;
步骤3.将肉馅、牛肉丁和防腐剂混匀灌肠、熟制杀菌得柔鱼火腿肠。
发明人通过大量的试验发现对本发明柔鱼火腿肠感官评价影响最大的依次为淀粉、牛肉丁、大豆油以及柔鱼和鸡胸肉的比例。其中,产品感官评分分别随淀粉量、大豆油量、牛肉丁量以及柔鱼和鸡胸肉的比例的增加,呈先升后降趋势。当淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~7%时,产品感官评分高于75;当淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的5%时,产品感官评分最高,为93。当大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~5%时,产品感官评分高于85;当大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的3%时,产品感官评分最高,为93。当牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的4~8%时,产品感官评分高于85。当柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:2~3:1时,产品感官评分高于80;当柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:1时,产品感官评分最高,为90。
本发明的发明人还发现,调料中白胡椒粉对柔鱼火腿肠感官评价影响最大,其后依次为食盐、白糖、香油。并且,火腿肠感官评分随着调料用量的增加,同样呈先升后降趋势。当食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1.5~4%时,产品感官评分高于75;当食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的2%时,产品感官评分最高,为90。当白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%时,产品感官评分高于82;当白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.5%时,产品感官评分最高,为90。当香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%时,产品感官评分高于85;当香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.6%时,产品感官评分最高。当白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~0.3%时,产品感官评分高于82;当白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.12%时,产品感官评分最高。
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例、柔鱼火腿肠的制备
1.1材料与试剂
柔鱼等原辅料购于当地超市(食品级);盐酸、H2SO4、NaOH、甲基红、CuSO4、溴甲酚绿、石油醚、K2SO4、乙醇(天津市江天化工技术有限公司),均为分析纯。
1.2仪器与设备
九阳组织捣碎机(九阳股份有限公司);PH400 pH计(Alalis公司);K9840自动凯氏定氮分析仪、SOX406脂肪测定仪、SH220N石墨消解仪(济南海能仪器有限公司)。
1.3柔鱼火腿肠原辅料的用量
表1柔鱼火腿肠原辅料的用量
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | |
柔鱼:鸡胸肉 | 1:1 | 2:1 | 1:2 | 1:2 | 1:2 |
淀粉 | 5% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 7% |
大豆油 | 3% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 5% |
牛肉丁 | 8% | 8% | 6% | 4% | 8% |
食盐 | 2% | 1.5% | 2% | 3.5% | 2.5% |
白糖 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 0.5% |
香油 | 0.6% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
白胡椒粉 | 0.12% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
注:表格中的百分含量为各辅料占柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的百分数。
1.3制备工艺
冰水漂洗:剔除肉料筋膜,取适量柔鱼和鸡胸肉,流水洗净后,剁成肉丁,加肉重2倍冰水,轻搅10min(重复三次),纱布吸干水分待用;
斩拌:将肉丁放入捣碎机,空斩1min,加复合磷酸盐(肉重2.8%)、食盐斩拌1-2min,再加冰水(1/4)斩拌30s,加大豆油及香辛料(白糖、香油以及白胡椒粉)斩拌1-2min,最后加淀粉及剩下冰水斩拌1-2min得肉馅,斩拌步骤冰水总加入量为肉重1/2;
牛肉腌制:流水洗净,切成肉丁(0.5×0.5×0.5cm),加亚硝酸盐(牛肉重0.01%)、复合磷酸盐(牛肉重0.3%)拌匀,腌制6h(4℃);
定形:把腌制的牛肉丁微波加热(1min)定形,清水洗净,室温晾干待用;
混匀灌肠:将牛肉丁、防腐剂(肉重0.5%)和肉馅混合,按同方向拌匀后放入灌肠机,套上肠衣灌制;
熟制杀菌:清洗肠外附着物,水浴锅(100℃)熟制20min,室温冷却待用。
试验例1、柔鱼火腿肠的感官评价
依据GB/T 9695.15-2008《火腿肠》,选10名感官评价员参照表2对本发明制备的火腿肠进行评定,将10名感官评价员的得分平均即得火腿肠的最终评分,各实施例的评分见表3。
表2柔鱼火腿肠感官评分标准
表3各实施例柔鱼火腿肠的感官评分
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | |
评分 | 96.3分 | 89.2分 | 85.6分 | 76.7分 | 73.1分 |
从表3可以看出,本发明以柔鱼为主料,通过添加鸡胸肉、牛肉干以及调料制备得到一款独具风味的柔鱼火腿肠。
试验例2、柔鱼火腿肠理化指标的测定
2.1基本成分的测定
分别依据GB/T 20712-2006《肉与肉制品水分含量测定》直接干燥法、GB5009.5-2010《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》凯氏定氮法、GB/T 14772-2008《食品中粗脂肪的测定》酸水解法、GB5009.4-2010《食品安全国家标准食品中灰分的测定》测定本产品水分、蛋白质、脂肪及灰分等成分的含量,结果见表4。
表4柔鱼火腿肠基本营养成分
营养成分 | 水分/% | 蛋白质/% | 脂肪/% | 灰分/% |
柔鱼火腿肠 | 71.373±0.04 | 17.927±0.57 | 8.32±0.29 | 2.843±0.11 |
参照国标GBT 20712-2006《火腿肠》中对火腿肠分级的规定,特级火腿肠水分含量应在67~70%之间,蛋白质含量不低于12%,脂肪含量在6~16%之间。由表4可见,本款产品除水分含量略高外,蛋白质和脂肪的含量均符合特级火腿肠标准。
2.2菌落总数的测定
依据GB4789.2-2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数的测定》检测,得本产品的菌落总数<5cfu/g,符合标准。
2.3总压出汁液率的测定
参照Pietrasik等、Carballo等的压力法,测得本火腿肠总压出汁液率为2.634±0.31%。
2.4 pH的测定
依据GB/T 9695.5-2008《肉与肉制品pH测定》测定得该柔鱼火腿肠pH为6.60±0.03。
2.5氨基酸组分的测定
依据GB 5009.124-2003《食品中氨基酸的测定》酸水解本发明火腿肠,自动分析仪测定其氨基酸(amino acid,AA)成分,结果见表5。
表5柔鱼火腿肠氨基酸组分分析
氨基酸种类 | 氨基酸含量% | 氨基酸相对含量g/Kg蛋白 |
天冬氨酸 | 1.51 | 88.05 |
苏氨酸 | 1.36 | 7.93 |
丝氨酸 | 1.77 | 10.32 |
谷氨酸 | 0.39 | 2.27 |
甘氨酸 | 0.67 | 3.91 |
丙氨酸 | 0.53 | 3.09 |
半胱氨酸 | 1.34 | 7.81 |
缬氨酸 | 0.95 | 5.54 |
异亮氨酸 | 1.33 | 7.76 |
甲硫氨酸 | 0.40 | 2.33 |
酪氨酸 | 0.75 | 4.37 |
苯丙氨酸 | 1.14 | 6.65 |
组氨酸 | 3.61 | 21.05 |
亮氨酸 | 0.35 | 2.04 |
赖氨酸 | 1.05 | 6.12 |
氨基酸总量 | 17.15 | 100 |
必需氨基酸 | 7.08 | 38.37 |
半必需氨基酸 | 3.19 | 18.60 |
非必需氨基酸 | 10.57 | 61.63 |
鲜味氨基酸 | 4.34 | 25.31 |
从表5可知,柔鱼火腿肠AA总量为17.15%,亮氨酸含量最低,组氨酸的最高;必需氨基酸(essential amino acid,EAA)较为齐全(含有除色氨酸以外的所有EAA),含量为7.08%,,占总AA 38.37%。半必需氨基酸(酪氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸)含量为3.19%,占总AA18.60%;非必需氨基酸(nonessential amino acid,NEAA)为10.57%,EAA/NEAA为62.25%;(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸等)鲜味氨基酸含4.34%,占总AA25.31%。
FAO/WHO建议的理想蛋白模式认为,优质蛋白的EAA占AA总量40%,EAA/NEAA>60%。本柔鱼火腿肠的EAA占AA总量38.37%,略低于40%,EAA/NEAA为62.25%,符合该标准,表明本产品AA平衡效果较好。
Claims (10)
1.一种柔鱼火腿肠的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.将柔鱼和鸡胸肉洗净切丁、冰水漂洗,然后加入复合磷酸盐、调料、大豆油、淀粉以及冰水斩拌得肉馅;
步骤2.将牛肉洗净切丁,加入亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐腌制后定形得牛肉丁;
步骤3.将肉馅、牛肉丁和防腐剂混匀灌肠、熟制杀菌得柔鱼火腿肠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:2~3:1;优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:2~2:1;更优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:1~2:1;最优选的,所述柔鱼与鸡胸肉的重量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~5%;优选的,所述大豆油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的3%。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1~7%;优选的,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的3~7%;更优选的,所述淀粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的5%。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述调料是指食盐、白糖、香油和白胡椒粉。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的1.5~4%,所述白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%,所述香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~1.0%,所述白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.1~0.3%;优选的,所述食盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的2%,所述白糖的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.5%,所述香油的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.6%,所述白胡椒粉的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.12%。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述复合磷酸盐的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的2~3%;所述斩拌过程中冰水的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量1/2。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述复合磷酸盐的添加量为牛肉重量的0.2~0.5%;所述亚硝酸盐的添加量为牛肉重量的0.01%。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤3中,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的4~8%,所述防腐剂的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的0.2~0.5%;优选的,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的6~8%;更优选的,所述牛肉丁的添加量为柔鱼和鸡胸肉总重量的8%。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述制备工艺制备的柔鱼火腿肠。
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