CN112674036A - Method for improving weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid - Google Patents
Method for improving weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid, belonging to the technical field of animal cultivation. The method mainly comprises the following steps: A. preparing a pig manure substrate: the matrix preparation material comprises air-dried pig manure and humic acid; after the air-dried pig manure and the humic acid are uniformly mixed, water is added to adjust the water content to about 75 percent. B. Laying an earthworm bed and putting earthworms: an earthworm feeding area and an earthworm adaptation area are arranged in the earthworm breeding box, pig manure substrates are placed in the feeding area, and earthworm manure is placed in the adaptation area. The earthworms are put in the adaptation area, and the earthworms can be inserted into the pig manure matrix to be eaten after being adapted; C. daily management and harvesting of earthworms: regulating water content, and harvesting earthworms regularly. Separating earthworm, earthworm cocoon and earthworm cast, wherein the earthworm cast is used for the next round of cultivation. The preparation method of the pig manure matrix in the breeding method is relatively simple, the time from the adaptation period to the feeding period of the earthworms can be shortened, the weight of the earthworms is increased by 51.1% to the maximum, and the cocoon yield is increased by 21.2% to the maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal breeding environments, relates to an earthworm breeding method, and particularly relates to a method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworms.
Background
In recent years, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China develops rapidly, and a strong guarantee is provided for the requirements of the nation on meat. However, at the same time, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure produced in livestock and poultry breeding brings a great burden to the environment, and if the livestock and poultry manure is not properly treated, the livestock and poultry manure can cause serious environmental pollution. The excrement is recycled and converted into organic fertilizer, and the method is a solution which is applied more at present. The common organic manure composting methods comprise anaerobic fermentation, aerobic composting, earthworm composting and the like, wherein the earthworm composting has unique advantages compared with other two methods, and the earthworm composting requires less early equipment and capital investment and can produce organic fertilizers with higher quality in shorter time.
The pig manure can be used for raising earthworms, but the fresh pig manure contains a large amount of irritant substances such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like, and can cause great damage to the earthworms. Generally, pig manure is subjected to aerobic composting treatment before earthworm feeding, but the composting time in the process is not easy to control, and if the composting time is short, manure irritant substances are not reduced to a proper range, so that the growth of earthworms is obviously influenced; if the composting time is long, the nutrient substances in the excrement are seriously lost and the earthworm growth is also unfavorable. Therefore, how to reduce the composting time and simultaneously not to make the earthworms influenced by substances such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the excrement is a great problem of improving the earthworm breeding effect of the pig excrement; therefore, the invention reduces the harm of irritant substances to the earthworms by adding humic acid into the pig manure in short-term composting time, so as to shorten the composting time, improve the weight gain and cocoon production level of the earthworms and improve the earthworm breeding efficiency of the pig manure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the existing earthworm treatment of pig manure, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm fed by pig manure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid comprises the following steps:
A. preparation of earthworm matrix
(1) Taking 2-5 parts of humic acid for later use, wherein the humic acid is mineral source sodium fulvate, and the content of the humic acid is 80-85%;
(2) taking fresh pig manure for natural air drying treatment, and stopping air drying when the water content is reduced to 15-20% to obtain air-dried pig manure; dissolving the humic acid obtained in the step (1) in 50-100 mL of water, and uniformly mixing with 90-95 parts of air-dried pig manure; continuously adding water, adjusting the water content to 65% -75% to obtain a mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid, then placing the mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid in a fermentation container with an opening at the upper end, sealing the opening of the container with an 80-mesh nylon gauze, preventing mosquitoes and flies from breeding, placing the mixture in a cool and ventilated place, naturally composting for 10-15 days, stirring once every 2 days during the period, adding water, and keeping the water content stable to obtain the pig manure substrate.
B. Earthworm breeding box design and earthworm delivery
(1) The earthworm is raised in a cuboid wooden box with a drain hole at the bottom, the raising box is divided into two areas by a plastic gauze, one area is used for placing prepared pig manure substrate, the other area is used for placing earthworm excrement, and the other area is used for placing earthworm excrement which is an earthworm adaptation area.
(2) The earthworms are put on the adaptation area, and the earthworms can enter the pig manure matrix area to be eaten after short adaptation.
C. Daily management and harvesting of earthworms
(1) And (3) placing the earthworm breeding box in a cool and ventilated place, and adding water every 3-5 days to regulate the water content so as to keep the water content at about 70%. And D, adding the pig manure substrate prepared in the step A when a large amount of granular earthworm manure appears on the surface of the substrate of the earthworm feeding area.
(2) The earthworms can be harvested after being cultivated for 40-50 days. When the earthworms are harvested, the earthworms, the earthworm cocoons and the earthworm feces are separated by a screen. The earthworm cast and a small amount of unseparated young earthworms and earthworm cocoons can be placed in an earthworm adaptation area of the earthworm cultivation box for the next cultivation.
Preferably, the pig manure matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: humic acid 2 parts and air-dried pig manure 90 parts. In the design of the earthworm breeding box, the space of the earthworm adaptation area accounts for more than 1/4 of the whole earthworm breeding box, but does not exceed 1/3.
Preferably, the pig manure matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of humic acid and 90 parts of air-dried pig manure. In the design of the earthworm breeding box, the space of the earthworm adaptation area accounts for more than 1/4 of the whole earthworm breeding box, but does not exceed 1/3.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method of the pig manure matrix is relatively simple, a long-time fermentation and decomposition process is not needed, and nutrient loss of organic matters, nitrogen and other elements required by earthworms due to over fermentation of the pig manure is avoided;
(2) the pig manure matrix prepared by the invention can shorten the time from the adaptation period to the feeding period of the earthworms and improve the weight and cocoon yield of the earthworms.
Drawings
FIG. 1: influence of the addition amount of 2 parts of humic acid on the body weight of the earthworms;
FIG. 2: influence of 2 parts of humic acid addition on the cocoon yield of the earthworms;
FIG. 3: influence of the addition amount of 4 parts of humic acid on the body weight of the earthworms;
FIG. 4: influence of the addition of 4 parts of humic acid on the cocoon yield of the earthworms.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a pig manure substrate:
(1) taking 2 parts of humic acid for later use, wherein the humic acid is mineral source sodium fulvate and has the content of 80%.
(2) And (4) taking fresh pig manure for natural air drying treatment, and stopping air drying when the water content is reduced to 15% to obtain the air-dried pig manure. Humic acid is dissolved in 50 mL of water and then evenly mixed with 90 parts of air-dried pig manure. And continuously adding water, adjusting the water content to 65% to obtain a mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid, then placing the mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid into a fermentation container with an opening at the upper end, sealing the opening of the container with an 80-mesh nylon gauze, preventing mosquitoes and flies from breeding, placing the container in a cool and ventilated place, and naturally composting the mixture for 10 days. During the period, the mixture was stirred every 2 days, and water was added to keep the water content constant.
B. Design of earthworm breeding box and earthworm throwing
(1) The breeding of the earthworms is carried out in a cuboid wood box with a drain hole at the bottom, the breeding box is divided into two areas by a plastic gauze, one area is used for placing pig manure substrates and is a feeding area for the earthworms, and the other area is used for placing earthworm manure and is an earthworm adaptation area.
(2) The earthworms are put on the adaptation area, and the earthworms can enter the pig manure matrix area to be eaten after short adaptation.
C. Daily management and harvesting of earthworms
(1) And (3) placing the earthworm breeding box in a cool and ventilated place, and adding water every 3 days to regulate the water content so as to keep the water content at about 70%. And D, adding the pig manure substrate prepared in the step A when a large amount of granular earthworm manure appears on the surface of the substrate of the earthworm feeding area.
(2) After 40 days of cultivation, earthworms can be harvested. When the earthworms are harvested, the earthworms, the earthworm cocoons and the earthworm feces are separated by a screen. The earthworm cast and a small amount of unseparated young earthworms and earthworm cocoons can be placed in an earthworm adaptation area of the earthworm cultivation box for the next cultivation.
Example 2
A method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a pig manure substrate:
(1) taking 4 parts of humic acid for later use, wherein the humic acid is mineral source sodium fulvate and has the content of 85%.
(2) And (4) taking fresh pig manure for natural air drying treatment, and stopping air drying when the water content is reduced to 18% to obtain the air-dried pig manure. Firstly, dissolving humic acid in 100mL of water, and then uniformly mixing with 90 parts of air-dried pig manure. Continuously adding water and adjusting the water content to 70% to obtain a mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid, then placing the mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid into a fermentation container with an opening at the upper end, sealing the opening of the container with an 80-mesh nylon gauze to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, and placing the container in a cool and ventilated place. It was allowed to compost naturally for 15 d. During the period, the mixture was stirred every 2 days, and water was added to keep the water content constant.
B. Earthworm bed laying and earthworm throwing
(1) The breeding of the earthworms is carried out in a cuboid wood box with a drain hole at the bottom, the breeding box is divided into two areas by a plastic gauze, one area is used for placing pig manure substrates and is a feeding area for the earthworms, and the other area is used for placing earthworm manure and is an earthworm adaptation area.
(2) The earthworms are put on the adaptation area, and the earthworms can enter the pig manure matrix area to be eaten after short adaptation.
C. Daily management and harvesting of earthworms
(1) And (3) placing the earthworm breeding box in a cool and ventilated place, and adding water every 5 days to regulate the water content so as to keep the water content at about 70%. And D, adding the pig manure substrate prepared in the step A when a large amount of granular earthworm manure appears on the surface of the substrate of the earthworm feeding area.
(2) After 50 days of cultivation, earthworms can be harvested. When the earthworms are harvested, the earthworms, the earthworm cocoons and the earthworm feces are separated by a screen. The earthworm cast and a small amount of unseparated young earthworms and earthworm cocoons can be placed in an earthworm adaptation area of the earthworm cultivation box for the next cultivation.
Test example 1: influence of 2 parts of humic acid on earthworm weight and cocoon yield
The invention was applied to the pig manure substrate of example 1. Pig manure matrix without humic acid was used as control.
The two treatments are respectively provided with 3 repetitions, and six earthworm cultivation boxes are provided. 1kg of pig manure substrate and 300 g of earthworm manure are respectively placed in the earthworm feeding area and the adaptation area of each breeding box. 10 active and viable young earthworms of about 20 days old are put in the earthworm adaptation area of each breeding box. The earthworm breeding box is placed in a cool and ventilated place, and the surface of the earthworm breeding box is covered with non-woven fabrics. Adding water every 3 days, and adjusting the water content to about 75%. The test period is 90 days, earthworms and pig manure substrates are separated every 10 days, the weight of the earthworms is weighed, and after the earthworms begin to produce cocoons, the number of the earthworm cocoons is counted.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the earthworm weight gain of the group added with 2 parts of humic acid is significantly better than that of the control group（P < 0.01）At the end of the test, the average weight of earthworms in the 2-part humic acid group was 1073.7 mg, while the average weight of earthworms in the control group was 710.5 mg. The method can improve the average body weight of the earthworms by 51.1 percent. As can be seen from fig. 2, the average cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms added with 2% humic acid is better than that of the control group, at the end of the test, the average cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms added with 2 parts humic acid reaches 165.7, while the average cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms of the control group is 136.7, and the cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms added with 2 parts humic acid is increased by 21.2%. The method can obviously improve the cocoon yield of the earthworms（P < 0.01）。
Test example 2: influence of 4 parts of humic acid on earthworm weight and cocoon yield
The invention was applied to the pig manure substrate of example 2. Pig manure matrix without humic acid was used as control.
The two treatments are respectively provided with 3 repetitions, and six earthworm cultivation boxes are provided. 1kg of pig manure substrate and 300 g of earthworm manure are respectively placed in the earthworm feeding area and the adaptation area of each breeding box. 10 active and viable young earthworms of about 20 days old are put in the earthworm adaptation area of each breeding box. The earthworm breeding box is placed in a cool and ventilated place, and the surface of the earthworm breeding box is covered with non-woven fabrics. Adding water every 3 days, and adjusting the water content to about 75%. The test period is 90 days, earthworms and pig manure substrates are separated every 10 days, the weight of the earthworms is weighed, and after the earthworms begin to produce cocoons, the number of the earthworm cocoons is counted.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, additivesThe weight increase of earthworms in the humic acid group with 4 parts is obviously better than that of a control group, the average weight of earthworms in the humic acid group with 4 parts reaches 1061.4 mg at the end of the test, and the average weight of earthworms in the control group is 710.5 mg. The method can improve the average weight of the earthworms by 49.4 percent. From fig. 4, it can be seen that the average cumulative cocoon yield of earthworms added with 4 parts of humic acid is significantly better than that of the control group（P < 0.01）At the end of the test, the average cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms added with 4 parts of humic acid reaches 161.0, the average cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms in the control group is 136.7, and the cumulative cocoon yield of the earthworms added with 4 parts of humic acid is improved by 17.8%. The method can improve the cocoon yield of the earthworms（P < 0.01）。
In conclusion, the product is safe and efficient, can be used for earthworm cultivation, and has wide market prospect.
The raw materials of the invention can be purchased from the market. The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworm cultivated by pig manure by using humic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparation of pig manure substrate
(1) Taking 2-5 parts of humic acid for later use, wherein the humic acid is mineral source sodium fulvate, and the content is 80% -85%;
(2) naturally air-drying fresh pig manure, stopping air-drying when the water content is reduced to 15-20% to obtain air-dried pig manure, and taking 90-95 parts of the air-dried pig manure for later use;
(3) dissolving humic acid in the step (1) in 50-100 mL of water, uniformly mixing with the air-dried pig manure in the step (2), continuously adding water, and adjusting the water content to 65-75% to obtain a mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid; then placing the mixture of the pig manure and the humic acid in a fermentation container with an opening at the upper end, sealing the opening of the container with a 80-mesh nylon gauze to prevent mosquitoes and flies from breeding, placing the container in a cool and ventilated place, naturally composting the mixture for 10-15 days, stirring the mixture once every 2 days, adding water to keep the water content stable, and preparing a pig manure substrate;
B. design of earthworm breeding box and earthworm throwing
(1) The breeding of the earthworms is carried out in a cuboid wood box with a drain hole at the bottom, the breeding box is divided into two areas by a plastic gauze, one area is used for placing pig manure substrates and is an earthworm feeding area, and the other area is used for placing earthworm manure and is an earthworm adapting area;
(2) putting earthworms on the adaptation area, and drilling the earthworms into the pig manure matrix area for eating after the earthworms are adapted;
C. daily management and harvesting of earthworms:
(1) placing the earthworm breeding box in a cool and ventilated place, adding water every 3-5 days to adjust the moisture content so that the moisture content is kept at about 70%, and adding the pig manure substrate prepared in the step A when a large amount of granular earthworm manure appears on the surface of the substrate in the earthworm feeding area;
(2) earthworms can be harvested after 40-50 days of cultivation, earthworms, worm cocoons and worm castings are separated by a screen during harvesting, and the worm castings and small quantities of young earthworms and worm cocoons which are not separated can be placed in an earthworm adaptation area of an earthworm cultivation box for the next round of cultivation.
2. The method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of earthworms bred with pig manure according to claim 2, wherein the addition amount of humic acid is 2 parts, and the air-dried pig manure is 90 parts.
3. The method for improving the weight and cocoon yield of the earthworms cultivated by the pig manure according to claim 1, wherein the area of the earthworm accommodation area accounts for more than 1/4 but not more than 1/3 of the volume of the whole breeding box.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113712124A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-30 | 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所（山东省无特定病原鸡研究中心） | Additive for promoting growth of earthworms |
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