CN112646181A - 原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料及其制备方法,该材料由等摩尔1,4,5,8‑萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺在分散了碳纳米管的溶剂N‑甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中加热回流反应6小时,过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,在烘箱中120℃干燥12小时,然后在氩气氛中300℃加热8小时,以确保完全成环,之后即得最终产物聚酰亚胺‑碳纳米管复合材料PI@CNT。本发明通过使用碳纳米管作为负载基底,形成三维导电网络,有效地增加了正极材料的导电性和活性位点的利用率,极大地提高了该正极材料在锂离子电池中的电化学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池正极材料的技术领域,具体涉及一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前使用广泛的无机正极材料,包括各式锂过渡金属氧化物如LiCoO2,LiNiO2,LiMn2O4,LiFePO4等,具有一些固有的缺点,比如:理论比容量不高,均在300mAh/g以下;倍率性能欠佳;同时,原料均为不可再生矿藏,且回收困难,不符合可持续发展要求;更重要的是,它们具有一定的安全隐患:过充容易产生高价金属氧化物,释放氧气与电解液剧烈反应放热。
相比之下,有机正极材料则具备一些先天的优点:理论比容量高,可达约1000mAh/g;基于快速的化学吸脱附因而倍率性能好;同时,原料丰富,环境友好;而且结构可设计性强;体系也相对安全。因此,有机正极材料是具有广泛应用前景的绿色能源材料。
当前,有机正极材料取得了相当的进展,逐渐吸引了越来越多研究者的兴趣,但是总体而言,相较于传统的无极正极材料尚无性能上的明显优势,尤其是在体积能量密度等关键参数上,以及易溶解等问题,很大程度上制约了有机正极材料的发展与应用,因此目前主要以实验室研究为主,暂无实际应用。
然而,我们也不能忽视有机正极材料的独特优势,比如基于快速的化学吸脱附因而倍率性能好这一特质,就可以用于超级电容器的开发,且其兼具先天的柔性,可以在柔性器件中得到很好的应用,同时其具有的原料丰富及环境友好特质赋予其绿色能源材料的属性,有望未来推广。未来的研究应在现有研究的基础上"扬长避短"设计一些特殊官能团结构的有机化合物,比如将含氧共轭基团取代到大环共轭结构体系中,既能实现锂离子在充电和放电过程的入嵌与脱嵌,采用多取代活性点位又实现较高的理论比容量。大环共轭体系一方面可以降低在电解液中的溶解性能,进一步提高锂离子电池放电容量和循环稳定性能,另一方面还能提高导电性能。
从应用的角度出发,聚酰亚胺基有机高分子材料具有良好的稳定性和优异的机械性能,便于制备及加工,同时综合考虑原料成本较低等经济因素,有着良好的应用前景。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明而提供了一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料及其制备方法。该材料由等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺在分散了碳纳米管的溶剂NMP中原位聚合生成,由于使用碳纳米管作为负载基底,利用共轭结构的层间相互作用,实现分子自组装,使材料内部形成了良好的三维导电网络,从而确保了电化学反应活性位点的充分利用,使体系导电性、循环稳定性大幅提升。
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是:
一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料,该材料由等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺在分散了碳纳米管的溶剂NMP中原位聚合生成。
进一步,上述原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一、在充满氩气的环境中,碳纳米管加入溶剂NMP进行超声分散,碳纳米管的质量浓度为40g/L,然后将等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺加入分散了碳纳米管的NMP溶剂中制得溶液;
步骤二、将整个溶液加热回流搅拌反应制得黑色粉末,
步骤三、将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗多次,然后空气氛烘干;
步骤四、干燥后的粉末氩气氛中加热直至完全成环,之后即得最终产物PI@CNT。
进一步,所述碳纳米管的占比为1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺质量之和的15-25wt%。
进一步,步骤二中加热的温度梯度依次为:25℃下加热2小时,40℃下加热2小时,80℃下加热2小时。
进一步,步骤三是将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,然后在120℃空气氛烘箱中干燥12小时。
更进一步,步骤四中干燥后的粉末在300℃氩气氛中加热8小时。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果:
本发明由于使用碳纳米管作为负载基底,利用共轭结构的层间相互作用,实现分子自组装,使材料内部形成了良好的三维导电网络,从而确保了电化学反应活性位点的充分利用,使体系导电性、循环稳定性大幅提升。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料扫描电镜图;
图2为本发明实施例1中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料红外光谱图;
图3为本发明实施例2中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料CV曲线图;
图4为本发明实施例3中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料充放电循环电压-比容量曲线图;
图5为本发明实施例3中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料充放电循环比容量曲线图。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效,兹例举以下实施例,并结合附图详细说明如下:
本发明的一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料,该材料由等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺在分散了碳纳米管(CNT)的溶剂NMP中原位聚合生成,由于使用碳纳米管作为负载基底,利用共轭结构的层间相互作用,实现分子自组装,使材料内部形成了良好的三维导电网络,从而确保了电化学反应活性位点的充分利用,使体系导电性、循环稳定性大幅提升。
以下通过3个实施例对该正极材料的制备方法进行详细说明:
实施例1
本实施例的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1、在充满氩气的环境中,将碳纳米管(CNT)加入溶剂NMP(按CNT质量浓度40g/L加入)超声分散1小时,然后将等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺加入分散了碳纳米管(CNT)的溶剂NMP中制得溶液;碳纳米管(CNT)的占比为1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺质量之和的15wt%;
S2、将整个溶液加热回流搅拌反应6小时制得黑色粉末,温度梯度依次为:25℃2小时,40℃2小时,80℃2小时;
S3、将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,然后在120℃空气氛烘箱中干燥12小时;
S4、干燥后的粉末在300℃氩气氛中加热8小时,以确保完全成环,之后即得最终产物PI@CNT。
实施例2
本实施例的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1、在充满氩气的环境中,将碳纳米管(CNT)加入溶剂NMP(按CNT质量浓度40g/L加入)超声分散1小时,将等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺加入分散了碳纳米管(CNT)的溶剂NMP中制得溶液,碳纳米管(CNT)的比例为1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺质量之和的20wt%;
S2、将整个溶液加热回流搅拌反应6小时制得黑色粉末,温度梯度依次为:25℃2小时,40℃2小时,80℃2小时;
S3、将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,然后在120℃空气氛烘箱中干燥12小时;
S4、干燥后的粉末在氩气氛中300℃加热8小时,以确保完全成环,之后即得最终产物PI@CNT。
实施例3
本实施例的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1、在充满氩气的环境中,将碳纳米管(CNT)加入溶剂NMP(按CNT质量浓度40g/L加入)超声分散1小时,将等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺加入分散了碳纳米管(CNT)的溶剂NMP中制得溶液,碳纳米管(CNT)的比例为1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺质量之和的25wt%;
S2、将整个加热回流搅拌反应6小时制得黑色粉末,温度梯度依次为:25℃2小时,40℃2小时,80℃2小时;
S3、将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,然后在120℃空气氛烘箱中干燥12小时;
S4、干燥后的粉末在氩气氛中300℃加热8小时,以确保完全成环,之后即得最终产物PI@CNT。
试验实施例
电池制备与测试:
正极的制备:将实施例1-3所得产物PI@CNT、导电剂SP和粘接剂PVdF按质量比8:1:1的比例混合,经过匀浆、涂布、辊压等工序制成正极片;
负极:以金属锂片为负极片;
电解液的制备:将1M LiN(CF3SO2)2(LiTFSI)溶于1,3-二氧环烷(DOL)和二甲氧基乙烷(DME)的混合溶剂中之得电解液,其中1,3-二氧环烷(DOL)和二甲氧基乙烷(DME)的质量比为2:1;
将上述正极、负极和电解液按要求组装成纽扣电池,充放电测试电压范围为1.5-3.5V。
图1所示为本发明实施例1中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料扫描电镜图,可以清晰地看到,碳纳米管与聚酰亚胺基材料交织链接,使材料内部形成了良好的三维导电网络;
图2所示为本发明实施例1中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料红外光谱图,可以明显看到1676cm-1、1716cm-1处的C=O伸缩振动峰以及1345cm-1处的C-N伸缩振动峰等特征峰,均与预期的聚酰亚胺基材料相吻合;
图3所示为本发明实施例2中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料CV曲线图,可以看出,该材料具有高度可逆的电化学氧化还原反应行为,这对于电池充放电的循环稳定性是非常有利的;
图4所示为本发明实施例3中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料充放电循环电压-比容量曲线图,可以看到,0.05C倍率下该材料放电比容量可达175mAh/g,平均放电电压约为2.35V;
图5所示为本发明实施例3中得到的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料充放电循环比容量曲线图,可以看到,1C倍率下该材料容量衰减缓慢,循环1000圈后容量保持率仍达95%以上。
本文所述实施例只是本发明的部分实施例,并非全部。根据上述说明书的解释和指导,本领域的技术人员基于本发明及实施例,能够对实施方式进行变更、改进、替换等,但在没有做出创新性研究前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,均属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (6)
1.一种原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料,其特征在于:该材料由等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺在分散了碳纳米管的NMP溶剂中原位聚合生成。
2.如权利要求1所述的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一、在充满氩气的环境中,碳纳米管加入NMP溶剂进行超声分散,碳纳米管的质量浓度为40g/L,然后将等摩尔1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺加入分散了碳纳米管的NMP溶剂中制得溶液;
步骤二、将整个溶液加热回流搅拌反应制得黑色粉末;
步骤三、将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗多次,然后空气氛烘干;
步骤四、干燥后的粉末氩气氛中加热直至完全成环,之后即得最终产物PI@CNT。
3.如权利要求2所述的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:碳纳米管的占比为1,4,5,8-萘四酸二酐和对苯二胺质量之和的15-25wt%。
4.如权利要求2所述的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中加热的温度梯度依次为:25℃下加热2小时,40℃下加热2小时,80℃下加热2小时。
5.如权利要求2所述的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三是将所得产物黑色粉末过滤后用乙醇清洗5次,然后在120℃空气氛烘箱中干燥12小时。
6.如权利要求2所述的原位聚合的聚酰亚胺基有机高分子正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤四中干燥后的粉末在300℃氩气氛中加热8小时。
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