CN112618680A - 一种治疗黄褐斑的中药膏方及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗黄褐斑的中药膏方及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种治疗黄褐斑的中药膏方及其制备方法和应用,本发明膏方由三十五味药材组成,以肝气郁结、肝肾阴虚、脾胃虚弱,以致瘀浊内停,蕴结肌肤或脉络空虚,不能上荣为基本病机,根据中医认为黄褐斑以虚(气虚、血虚、脾虚、肝肾不足)实(气滞、湿蕴、肝郁、血瘀)间夹为病因,以补虚泻实、调养气血,美容养颜、化斑淡斑。全方配伍共奏疏肝健脾,活血化瘀,调达气血,利湿生新,温煦肾阳之效,从而有助于消除斑块,且该方在调理肝肾脾诸脏的同时,不存在燥热腻滞等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及一种治疗黄褐斑的中药膏方及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
黄褐斑也称肝斑,为面部的黄褐色色素沉着。多对称蝶形分布于颊部。多见于女性,血中雌激素水平高是主要原因,其发病与妊娠、长期口服避孕药、月经紊乱有关。中医认为黄褐斑的发生与肝气郁结、肝肾阴虚、脾胃虚弱,以致瘀浊内停,蕴结肌肤或脉络空虚,不能上荣有关。
西医的诊断标准:①面部淡褐色至深褐色、界限清楚的斑片,通常对称性分布,无炎症表现及鳞屑。②无明显自觉症状。③女性多发,主要发生在青春期后。④病情可有季节性,常夏重冬轻。⑤排除其他疾病(如颧部褐青色痣、Riehl黑变病级色素性光化性扁平苔藓等)引起的色素沉着。(中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会色素病学组.黄褐斑的临床诊断及疗效标准(2003年修定稿)[J].中国,中西医结合皮肤性病学杂志,2004,3(1):66)
目前中医治疗黄褐斑的方法主要包括中药内治、中药外治、针刺疗法和综合疗法。中药内治法即通过辨证论治的方法调理肝、脾、肾以达到治疗黄褐斑的目的。临床上本病多分为肝气郁结、脾土亏虚、肾水不足型。中药外治法治疗黄褐斑的方法之一,是将中药制成膏剂或面膜,用其进行面部按摩,从而促进面部血液循环,加速药物的吸收过程,抑制表皮黑色素的生成,使黄褐斑变淡至消退。针刺疗法是中医学的传统方法,可调整全身脏腑功能,疏通经脉,调和气血,以达到治疗黄褐斑的目的,通过临床验证,具有一定的疗效。外治方法难以治本,往往容易复发;针刺法对个人经验要求极高,难以推广;在内治方面,大多数医家辨证分型论治仅凭个人经验,偏方验方数量众多,无法形成统一的辨证论治体系,且标准难以掌握,难以提高治愈率。
发明内容
为了改善现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种治疗黄褐斑的中药膏方及其制备方法和应用。
在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一种中药组合物,其原料药的重量组成为:当归80-120重量份、川芎100-140重量份、赤芍60-100重量份、麸炒白术60-100重量份、茯苓80-120重量份、白术50-90重量份、盐补骨脂40-80重量份、玉竹20-60重量份、酒苁蓉40-80重量份、桂枝40-80重量份、益母草70-110重量份、盐菟丝子40-80重量份、白芍80-120重量份、白芷22-62重量份、黄芪130-170重量份、麸炒枳实60-100重量份、郁金40-80重量份、升麻10-50重量份、防风28-68重量份、北柴胡28-68重量份、酒女贞子40-80重量份、枸杞子40-80重量份、燀桃仁20-60重量份、红花52-92重量份、炒莱菔子50-90重量份、酒黄精20-60重量份、石斛40-80重量份、姜厚朴40-80重量份、熟地黄40-80重量份、砂仁10-50重量份、陈皮22-62重量份、炙甘草40-80重量份、制远志40-80重量份、鹿角胶10-25重量份、阿胶16-56重量份。
在本发明的一个或多个实施方式中,所述中药组合物的原料药的重量组成为:当归100重量份、川芎120重量份、赤芍80重量份、麸炒白术80重量份、茯苓100重量份、白术70重量份、盐补骨脂60重量份、玉竹40重量份、酒苁蓉60重量份、桂枝60重量份、益母草90重量份、盐菟丝子60重量份、白芍100重量份、白芷42重量份、黄芪150重量份、麸炒枳实80重量份、郁金60重量份、升麻30重量份、防风48重量份、北柴胡48重量份、酒女贞子60重量份、枸杞子60重量份、燀桃仁40重量份、红花72重量份、炒莱菔子70重量份、酒黄精40重量份、石斛60重量份、姜厚朴60重量份、熟地黄60重量份、砂仁30重量份、陈皮42重量份、炙甘草60重量份、制远志60重量份、鹿角胶18重量份、阿胶36重量份。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述中药组合物中,各中药原料可以为中药配方颗粒。
其中,阿胶配方颗粒和鹿角胶配方颗粒分别取饮片烊化后制成颗粒即得,阿胶配方颗粒1g相当于约2g原药材。鹿角胶配方颗粒1g相当于约1.5g原药材。
其他中药原料的配方颗粒可分别经加水煎煮,滤过,滤液浓缩成清膏,干燥,制成颗粒,即得。清膏的制备方法以及颗粒的制备方法可采用本领域的常规方式。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,本发明还提供了一种中药组合物,其以中药配方颗粒的形式参与调配,其中,参与调配的原料药配方颗粒的重量组成包括:当归配方颗粒53.3-80重量份、川芎配方颗粒33.0-46.7重量份、赤芍配方颗粒18.0-30.5重量份、麸炒白术配方颗粒12-20重量份、茯苓配方颗粒8-12重量份、白术配方颗粒15-27.5重量份、盐补骨脂配方颗粒8-16重量份、玉竹配方颗粒8-24重量份、酒苁蓉配方颗粒12-24.5重量份、桂枝配方颗粒2-4重量份、益母草配方颗粒12.5-20重量份、盐菟丝子配方颗粒8.5-17.8重量份、白芍配方颗粒17.5-26.7重量份、白芷配方颗粒5.5-15.5重量份、黄芪配方颗粒52-68重量份、麸炒枳实配方颗粒18-30.5重量份、郁金配方颗粒2-4重量份、升麻配方颗粒2-10重量份、防风配方颗粒14-34重量份、北柴胡配方颗粒7-17重量份、酒女贞子配方颗粒15-30.8重量份、枸杞子配方颗粒16-32重量份、燀桃仁配方颗粒3-10重量份、红花配方颗粒17-30.7重量份、炒莱菔子配方颗粒10-18重量份、酒黄精配方颗粒8-24重量份、石斛配方颗粒2-4重量份、姜厚朴配方颗粒5-10重量份、熟地黄配方颗粒30.5-61.6重量份、砂仁配方颗粒0.5-2.5重量份、陈皮配方颗粒11-31重量份、炙甘草配方颗粒20-40重量份、制远志配方颗粒11.4-22.9重量份、鹿角胶配方颗粒6.5-16.7重量份、阿胶配方颗粒8-28重量份。
在本发明的实施方式中,为了更好地控制中药组合物的质量发挥更好的药效,本发明的中药配方颗粒应满足一定的质量要求。
当归配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为0.70mg~1.40mg;当归配方颗粒应检出尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、色氨酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H等成分;当归配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于10.0%。
川芎配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为1.5mg~4.5mg;川芎配方颗粒应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯A等成分;川芎配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%。
赤芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷(C23H28O11)应为55.0mg~146.0mg;赤芍配方颗粒应检出没食子酸、原儿茶醛、儿茶素、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷等成分;赤芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
茯苓配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于8.0%。
盐补骨脂配方颗粒每1g含补骨脂苷(C17H18O9)、异补骨脂苷(C17H18O9)、补骨脂素(C11H6O3)和异补骨脂素(C11H6O3)的总量应为55.0mg~146.0mg。盐补骨脂配方颗粒应检出补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂酚等成分;盐补骨脂配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
益母草配方颗粒每1g含盐酸益母草碱(C14H21O5N3·HC1)应为1.5mg~4.9mg,含盐酸水苏碱(C7H13NO2·HC1)应为18.8mg~60.0mg。益母草配方颗粒应检出盐酸益母草碱;益母草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于19.0%。
盐菟丝子配方颗粒每1g含金丝桃苷(C21H20O12)应为2.7mg~8.0mg;盐菟丝子配方颗粒应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷等成分;盐菟丝子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于16.0%。
白芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷(C23H28O11)应为65.0mg~137.0mg。白芍配方颗粒应检出没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖、苯甲酰芍药苷等成分;白芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于35.0%。
白芷配方颗粒每1g含欧前胡素(C16H14O4)应为0.25mg~1.20mg。白芷配方颗粒应检出水合氧化前胡素、白当归素、佛手苷内酯、欧前胡素、珊瑚菜素、异欧前胡素等成分;白芷配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%。
黄芪配方颗粒每1g含黄芪甲苷(C41H68O14)应为1.20mg~3.50mg。黄芪配方颗粒应检出毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮峰、黄芪皂苷II、黄芪皂苷I等成分;黄芪配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
麸炒枳实配方颗粒每1g含辛弗林(C9H13NO2)应为5.0mg~15.5mg。麸炒枳实配方颗粒应检出柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、辛弗林等成分;麸炒枳实配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%。
升麻配方颗粒每1g含异阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为8.5mg~20.0mg。升麻配方颗粒应检出咖啡酸、阿魏酸、异阿魏酸等成分;升麻配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%。
防风配方颗粒每1g含升麻素苷(C22H28O11)应为8.5mg~20.0mg,含5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷(C22H28O10)应为5.0mg~12.0mg。防风配方颗粒应检出升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷等成分;防风配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%。
北柴胡配方颗粒每1g含柴胡皂苷a(C42H68O13)应为1.60mg~5.00mg。北柴胡配方颗粒应检出柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷b2、柴胡皂苷b1等成分;北柴胡配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
酒女贞子配方颗粒每1g含红景天苷(C14H20O7)应为5.0mg~25.0mg。酒女贞子配方颗粒应检出红景天苷、特女贞苷、女贞苷G13、Oleonuezhenide等成分;酒女贞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
枸杞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
燀桃仁配方颗粒本品每1g含苦杏仁苷(C20H27NO11)应为21.0mg~70.0mg;燀桃仁配方颗粒应检出色氨酸、苦杏仁苷等成分;燀桃仁配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于17.0%。
红花配方颗粒每1g的配方颗粒含羟基红花黄色素A(C27H30O15)不得少于0.55mg。
炒莱菔子配方颗粒每1g含芥子碱以芥子碱硫氰酸盐(C16H24NO5·SCN)计应为8.0mg~20.0mg;炒莱菔子配方颗粒应检出芥子碱硫氰酸盐、3,6-二芥子酰基蔗糖等成分;炒莱菔子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
姜厚朴配方颗粒每1g含厚朴酚(C18H18O2)与和厚朴酚(C18H18O2)的总量应为7.0mg~27.0mg;姜厚朴配方颗粒应检出和厚朴酚、厚朴酚等成分;姜厚朴配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%。
熟地黄配方颗粒每1g含地黄苷D(C27H42O20)应为0.70mg~2.70mg;熟地黄配方颗粒应检出洋地黄叶苷C、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、异毛蕊花糖苷等成分;熟地黄配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于12.0%。
陈皮配方颗粒每1g含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)应为6.5mg~14.5mg;陈皮配方颗粒应检出柚皮芸香苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素等成分;陈皮配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于23.0%。
炙甘草配方颗粒每1g含甘草苷(C21H22O9)应为6.5mg~23.0mg,含甘草酸(C42H62O16)应为12.9mg~60.0mg;炙甘草配方颗粒应检出甘草苷、甘草酸等成分;炙甘草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%。
制远志配方颗粒每1g含细叶远志皂苷(C36H56O12)应为20.0mg~40.0mg,含远志口山酮III(C25H28O15)应为0.80mg~2.50mg,含3.6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖(C36H46O17)应为6.0mg~15.0mg;制远志配方颗粒应检出西伯利亚远志糖A5、远志口山酮Ш、远志口山酮XI、3,6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖等成分;制远志配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了一种中药制剂,其以上述第一方面中所述的中药组合物为原料。
膏方具有药物浓度高、服用量少、口感好、便于坚持服用等优点,因此,在本发明的实施方式中,所述中药制剂以中药膏方制剂为优选。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述中药膏方制剂配方中还含有辅料炼蜜和/或柠檬酸。
炼蜜根据程度可分为嫩蜜、中蜜和老蜜,其炼蜜温度、终点现象、含水量及密度均有不同,嫩蜜炼蜜温度为105-115℃,终点无色泽变化,40℃含水量为20-24%;中蜜炼蜜温度为116-118℃,终点时出现鱼眼泡,40℃时含水量为14-16%;老蜜的炼蜜温度为119-122℃,终点时滴水不散,40℃含水量10%以下。在本发明的实施方式中,嫩蜜易与膏分层,延长熬制时间,而老蜜则容易糊底,因而本发明的所述炼蜜为中蜜。
在本发明的实施方式中,炼蜜用量为中药配方颗粒总重量的15-25%,在该用量下,无焦屑、无焦臭味等异味,并且在无其他外加剂的情况下可保持至少30天无霉变,且无糖结晶析出,尤其当以20%时口感更为细腻,味道纯正绵长。
其中,所述柠檬酸的加入量为中药配方颗粒总重量的0-1.2%,优选为0.4-1%。尤以1%时能够大大提高接受度。
膏方具有药物浓度高、服用量少、口感好、便于坚持服用等优点,但因其制作工艺复杂影响其临床应用。一料膏方的熬制,要经过浸、煎、榨、化、滤、熬、收等七道工序,最少也需要16个小时,而且还需要有经验的老药工全程把控,尤其在最后的收膏阶段,更需要熟练的技巧。这些都严重制约了膏方的大规模推广。本发明以中药配方颗粒为原料制备膏方,具有疗效确切,质量稳定、均一和可控、便于存储的优点。并且可缩短及简化膏方制作流程,有力于推动膏方在临床的大规模应用。
在本发明的第三方面,本发明提供了一种上述第二方面中所述的中药膏方制剂的制备方法,其包括:取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后烊化,其余原料药按量调配后加水浸泡;将浸泡后的原料药煎煮后制清膏,将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶倒入清膏中制稠膏即得;
或者,将原料药制备成配方颗粒后调配,于水中复溶,然后熬制清膏,收膏即得。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述方法包括:取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后于1.5-3倍水中隔水蒸20-40分钟烊化,其余原料药按量调配后于8-15倍量水中浸泡6-10小时;将浸泡后的原料药武火加热至沸腾,后改为文火加热,保持沸腾状态,煎煮1.5-3小时,过滤,滤液备用;加6-10倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤,合并滤液,4-10℃静置10-14小时,取上清液60-80℃浓缩,得清膏;将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶倒入清膏中,小火慢慢熬炼,搅拌得稠膏,即得。
或者,在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述方法包括:原料配方颗粒按量调配,取颗粒总量0.8-1.5倍量清水加热至40-60℃,加入调配好的原料配方颗粒,完全溶解后于65-85℃熬制清膏,继续加热搅拌熬煮,熬煮时间为每500g中药配方颗粒熬煮30-40分钟,即得。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,当采用辅料时,所述方法包括:取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后于1.5-3倍水中隔水蒸20-40分钟烊化,其余原料药按量调配后于8-15倍量水中浸泡6-10小时;将浸泡后的原料药武火加热至沸腾,后改为文火加热,保持沸腾状态,煎煮1.5-3小时,过滤,滤液备用;加6-10倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤,合并滤液,4-10℃静置10-14小时,取上清液60-80℃浓缩,得清膏;将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶、炼蜜、柠檬酸倒入清膏中,小火慢慢熬炼,搅拌得稠膏,即得。或者,在又一些实施方式中,原料配方颗粒按量调配,取颗粒总量0.8-1.5倍量清水加热至40-60℃,加入调配好的原料配方颗粒,完全溶解后于65-85℃熬制清膏,加入炼蜜和柠檬酸继续加热搅拌熬煮,熬煮时间为每500g中药配方颗粒熬煮30-40分钟,即得。
根据《北京中药炮制规范》2008版,文火温度约为80-120℃,中火温度约为120-150℃,武火温度约为150-220℃。
在本发明的第四方面,本发明提供了上述第一方面中所述的中药组合物(尤其以中药配方颗粒为原料的中药组合物)或者上述第二方面中所述的中药制剂(尤其中药膏方制剂)在制备治疗黄褐斑的药物中的应用。
相较于现有技术,本发明的技术方案具备以下优势:
本发明改善了中医内治黄褐斑对个人经验的依赖,提供了因证施治与辨证治疗相结合的中药组合物配方,改配方有理血、温经散寒、养血祛瘀、补中益气升提、行气、气血同补之效,可调解冲任虚寒、瘀血阻滞、妇人肝脾失调,血滞湿阻、气血两虚、肝脾失调之证,通过内之调养而利肌肤实现养颜生肌之效,能够改善黄褐斑之顽疾,断药后不易复发。同时,本发明以中药配方颗粒调配膏方,在保留了膏方药物浓度高、服用量少、口感好、便于坚持服用等优点的基础上,具有疗效确切,质量稳定、均一和可控、便于存储的优点,而且大大缩短及简化膏方制作流程,有力于推动膏方在临床的大规模应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。本发明所使用的试剂或原料均可通过常规途径购买获得,如无特殊说明,本发明所使用的试剂或原料均按照本领域常规方式使用或者按照产品说明书使用。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
中医讲究因证施治和辨证施治,想要在更好的治疗黄褐斑,首先应了解黄褐斑的病因病机。黄褐斑并非现代之病,古已有之。中医对黄褐斑的记载早在《灵枢·经脉》中就有外邪侵犯少阳经脉可令“病口苦,甚则面有微尘”;侵犯足厥阴经脉也可得“面尘”之说。《医宗金鉴·外科心法要诀》指出其可由“忧思抑郁,血弱不华”而起;《外科正宗·黧黑斑》称“黧黑斑者,水亏不能制火,血弱不能华肉,以致火燥结成斑黑,色枯不泽”;《诸病源侯论》则论“或脏腑有痰饮,或皮肤受风邪,皆令气血不调,致生黑皯”。可见,黄褐斑的发生与肝气郁结、肝肾阴虚、脾胃虚弱,以致瘀浊内停,蕴结肌肤或脉络空虚,不能上荣有关。
黄褐斑好发于中青年女性,此年龄段正是《素问·至真要大论》所述“任脉通,太冲脉盛”至“任脉虚,太冲脉衰少”的阶段,是女子经、孕、产、乳等一系列生理变化发生活跃的时期。行经、胎孕、分娩、营乳等生理功能无不以血为本,以气为用,与肾的藏精、主生殖,肝的藏血、主疏泄,脾胃的化生、统摄密切相关。因此,肾肝脾功能失常是此年龄段女性的主要发病机理,也必然与黄褐斑的发生密切关。
《灵枢·经脉》还有言“血不流则髦色不泽,故其面黑如漆柴者。”提示面部色泽的加深与血瘀有关。现代医学的研究也证实了黄褐斑与血液粘稠度增加、微循环障碍的密切关系。而肝郁则气机的疏通和畅达受阻;脾虚健运失职,每易致湿浊内壅;肝肾不足则虚火内生,津液受灼,血行缓滞,以上诸因均可使血液的运行失常而形成血瘀。
凡先天不足,或房劳过度、烟酒失度,致使肝肾阴虚,虚火上熏于面,燥结成斑;或肾阳不足,不能温养经脉,寒凝血滞而致。产后或更年期黄褐斑多与肾精亏耗有关。明《外科正宗》:“水亏不能制火,血弱不能华肉,以致火燥结成斑黑”;清《张氏医通》:“面尘脱色,为肝木失荣。”此观点在后世医家中得到广泛赞同。肝肾同源,若肾水亏虚,则肝阴失养,水枯则流缓,血液运行不畅,不能上荣头面而出现褐斑,现代研究认为黄褐斑患者血清FSH、雌二醇(E2)含量明显增高,而肾虚的女性病人E2水平也偏高,因此肾虚型黄褐斑患者可能与内分泌(性激素)失调有关。
《医宗金鉴》云:“黧黑如尘久始暗,原于忧思恼怒成。”肝失疏泄与神经精神功能、内分泌及血液循环等有内在联系,忧思则气结,肝气不舒,气血不得上荣于面而生褐斑;或肝气郁结,久郁化热,耗伤肝血,肝火上冲,血热不能华面所致。王邦才也认为黄褐斑的病机主要责之于肝,情志不畅,肝失疏泄,气血失和,不能上荣,则面生色斑。情绪因素与黄褐斑的相关性得到了很多学者的证实,情绪及精神因素可能通过丘脑一垂体轴进一步影响其内分泌功能,致使黑色素细胞代谢紊乱,形成黄褐斑。任朝霞的研究也证实了长期情绪不佳(半年以上),与黄褐斑的发生有相关性。
脾为后天之本,主统血,升清降浊,由于长期思虑过度,心身憔悴,劳伤脾土;或恣食甘肥、偏食五味、食积化热而致脾虚失运,痰饮内停;或情志郁结,肝气不疏,克伐脾土,而导致脾胃虚弱,气血生化乏源,运化失调,清阳不升则不能上荣于面,浊阴不降则痰湿水饮上蒙于面,而生褐斑,故《张氏医通》云:“痰饮积脏腑,则面黯。”
明《普济方》日:“面上皮于黯,此由凝血在脏。”不少医家赞成“无瘀不成斑”的观点,认为本病发病关键为气滞血瘀。不论是气病及血,或是血病及气,都可最终产生气滞血瘀,瘀血停滞于经络,肌肤失养而发生黄褐斑。
综上,黄褐斑大致可归结为是由肝肾受损、情志失调、脾胃虚弱、气血不足血瘀气滞、肌肤失养、风邪热毒所导致。
本发明因证施治和辨证施治相结合,提供了一种中药组合物,其原料药的重量组成为:当归80-120重量份、川芎100-140重量份、赤芍60-100重量份、麸炒白术60-100重量份、茯苓80-120重量份、白术50-90重量份、盐补骨脂40-80重量份、玉竹20-60重量份、酒苁蓉40-80重量份、桂枝40-80重量份、益母草70-110重量份、盐菟丝子40-80重量份、白芍80-120重量份、白芷22-62重量份、黄芪130-170重量份、麸炒枳实60-100重量份、郁金40-80重量份、升麻10-50重量份、防风28-68重量份、北柴胡28-68重量份、酒女贞子40-80重量份、枸杞子40-80重量份、燀桃仁20-60重量份、红花52-92重量份、炒莱菔子50-90重量份、酒黄精20-60重量份、石斛40-80重量份、姜厚朴40-80重量份、熟地黄40-80重量份、砂仁10-50重量份、陈皮22-62重量份、炙甘草40-80重量份、制远志40-80重量份、鹿角胶10-25重量份、阿胶16-56重量份。
本方根据中医认为黄褐斑以虚(气虚、血虚、脾虚、肝肾不足)实(气滞、湿蕴、肝郁、血瘀)间夹为病因,以补虚泻实、调养气血,美容养颜、化斑淡斑。
取方其中阿胶甘平,养血止血,滋阴润燥,填精益血;白芍酸苦微寒,养血敛阴,柔肝止痛,散郁祛瘀,泻热,强五脏,散恶血;阿胶与白芍合用,养血调肝,滋阴润燥。当归活血祛瘀,补血养血,通经活络;熟地可补肾养血;当归、白芍养血和营,助熟地滋养心肝。桃仁配当归,通血络而祛色斑。川芎为血中之气药,辛散走窜作用强,能上达头目,下行血海,有活血行气的双重作用。当归、川芎与芍药配伍共同起到养血和血之效,且川芎活血行气,使熟地、当归、白芍补而不滞。红花以活血祛瘀,推陈致新,恶血去新血生。黄芪护皮毛而闭胰理,不令自汗,解表之湿;黄芪与熟地相配,益气养血。柴胡疏肝解郁,升麻、柴胡,相须为用,引胃气以上腾,助补中益气之剂,发挥功效;归、芍与柴胡同用,补肝体而助肝用,使血充肝柔。白术健脾;白术、茯苓健脾渗湿,益气补脾;甘草益气健脾,以资生化之源,阳生阴长,气旺血充,调和诸药。炙甘草泻心火除烦,补脾生气。白术、茯苓、甘草健脾益气,实木以抑土,使营血生化有源。陈皮理气,且以散诸甘药之滞。
方配鹿角胶、枸杞、菟丝子、肉苁蓉、黄精、玉竹、石斛、女贞子以补益肝、脾、肾。益母草,活血调经、利水消肿、清热解毒。补骨脂温肾助阳,纳气平喘,温脾止泻,外用可消风祛斑。远志具有益智安神,祛痰消肿功效。砂仁化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。莱菔子消食除胀,降气化痰。防风解表祛风、止痉、胜湿,还具有活血化瘀作用。白芷散风(寒)、除湿、通窍、排脓、止痛、消肿、美容之功。
全方配伍共奏疏肝健脾,活血化瘀,调达气血,利湿生新,温煦肾阳之效,从而有助于消除斑块,且该方在调理肝肾脾诸脏的同时,不存在燥热腻滞等问题。
中药饮片及中药配方颗粒的准备
1、中草药材配方:
取上述中药饮片配制中药配方颗粒,其中,阿胶和鹿角胶分别烊化后制成颗粒,其他中药饮片加水煎煮,滤过,滤液浓缩成清膏,干燥,制成颗粒。颗粒的制备采用常规的处理方式即可,所有配方颗粒的大小以均匀为宜。
其中,制备标准采用以下:
当归配方颗粒1g相当于约1.5g原药材、川芎配方颗粒1g相当于约3g原药材、赤芍配方颗粒1g相当于约3.3g原药材、麸炒白术配方颗粒1g相当于约5g原药材、茯苓配方颗粒1g相当于约10g原药材、白术配方颗粒1g相当于约3.33g原药材、盐补骨脂配方颗粒1g相当于约5g原药材、玉竹配方颗粒1g相当于约2.5g原药材、酒苁蓉配方颗粒1g相当于约3.33g原药材、桂枝配方颗粒1g相当于约20g原药材、益母草配方颗粒1g相当于约5.5g原药材、盐菟丝子配方颗粒1g相当于约4.5g原药材、白芍配方颗粒1g相当于约4.5g原药材、白芷配方颗粒1g相当于约4g原药材、黄芪配方颗粒1g相当于约2.5g原药材、麸炒枳实配方颗粒1g相当于约3.3g原药材、郁金配方颗粒1g相当于约20g原药材、升麻配方颗粒1g相当于约5g原药材、防风配方颗粒1g相当于约2g原药材、北柴胡配方颗粒1g相当于约4g原药材、酒女贞子配方颗粒1g相当于约2.6g原药材、枸杞子配方颗粒1g相当于约2.5g原药材、燀桃仁配方颗粒1g相当于约6g原药材、红花配方颗粒1g相当于约3g原药材、炒莱菔子配方颗粒1g相当于约5g原药材、酒黄精配方颗粒1g相当于约2.5g原药材、石斛配方颗粒1g相当于约20g原药材、姜厚朴配方颗粒1g相当于约8g原药材、熟地黄配方颗粒1g相当于约1.3g原药材、砂仁配方颗粒1g相当于约20g原药材、陈皮配方颗粒1g相当于约2g原药材、炙甘草配方颗粒1g相当于约2g原药材、制远志配方颗粒1g相当于约3.5g原药材。
制备得到的颗粒符合以下标准当归配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为0.70mg~1.40mg;当归配方颗粒应检出尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、色氨酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯H等成分;当归配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于10.0%。
川芎配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为1.5mg~4.5mg;川芎配方颗粒应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯I、洋川芎内酯A等成分;川芎配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%。
赤芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷(C23H28O11)应为55.0mg~146.0mg;赤芍配方颗粒应检出没食子酸、原儿茶醛、儿茶素、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷等成分;赤芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
茯苓配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于8.0%。
盐补骨脂配方颗粒每1g含补骨脂苷(C17H18O9)、异补骨脂苷(C17H18O9)、补骨脂素(C11H6O3)和异补骨脂素(C11H6O3)的总量应为55.0mg~146.0mg。盐补骨脂配方颗粒应检出补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂酚等成分;盐补骨脂配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
益母草配方颗粒每1g含盐酸益母草碱(C14H21O5N3·HC1)应为1.5mg~4.9mg,含盐酸水苏碱(C7H13NO2·HC1)应为18.8mg~60.0mg。益母草配方颗粒应检出盐酸益母草碱;益母草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于19.0%。
盐菟丝子配方颗粒每1g含金丝桃苷(C21H20O12)应为2.7mg~8.0mg;盐菟丝子配方颗粒应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷等成分;盐菟丝子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于16.0%。
白芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷(C23H28O11)应为65.0mg~137.0mg。白芍配方颗粒应检出没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖、苯甲酰芍药苷等成分;白芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于35.0%。
白芷配方颗粒每1g含欧前胡素(C16H14O4)应为0.25mg~1.20mg。白芷配方颗粒应检出水合氧化前胡素、白当归素、佛手苷内酯、欧前胡素、珊瑚菜素、异欧前胡素等成分;白芷配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%。
黄芪配方颗粒每1g含黄芪甲苷(C41H68O14)应为1.20mg~3.50mg。黄芪配方颗粒应检出毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮峰、黄芪皂苷II、黄芪皂苷I等成分;黄芪配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
麸炒枳实配方颗粒每1g含辛弗林(C9H13NO2)应为5.0mg~15.5mg。麸炒枳实配方颗粒应检出柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、辛弗林等成分;麸炒枳实配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%。
升麻配方颗粒每1g含异阿魏酸(C10H10O4)应为8.5mg~20.0mg。升麻配方颗粒应检出咖啡酸、阿魏酸、异阿魏酸等成分;升麻配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%。
防风配方颗粒每1g含升麻素苷(C22H28O11)应为8.5mg~20.0mg,含5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷(C22H28O10)应为5.0mg~12.0mg。防风配方颗粒应检出升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷等成分;防风配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%。
北柴胡配方颗粒每1g含柴胡皂苷a(C42H68O13)应为1.60mg~5.00mg。北柴胡配方颗粒应检出柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷b2、柴胡皂苷b1等成分;北柴胡配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
酒女贞子配方颗粒每1g含红景天苷(C14H20O7)应为5.0mg~25.0mg。酒女贞子配方颗粒应检出红景天苷、特女贞苷、女贞苷G13、Oleonuezhenide等成分;酒女贞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%。
枸杞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
燀桃仁配方颗粒本品每1g含苦杏仁苷(C20H27NO11)应为21.0mg~70.0mg;燀桃仁配方颗粒应检出色氨酸、苦杏仁苷等成分;燀桃仁配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于17.0%。
红花配方颗粒每1g的配方颗粒含羟基红花黄色素A(C27H30O15)不得少于0.55mg。
炒莱菔子配方颗粒每1g含芥子碱以芥子碱硫氰酸盐(C16H24NO5·SCN)计应为8.0mg~20.0mg;炒莱菔子配方颗粒应检出芥子碱硫氰酸盐、3,6-二芥子酰基蔗糖等成分;炒莱菔子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%。
姜厚朴配方颗粒每1g含厚朴酚(C18H18O2)与和厚朴酚(C18H18O2)的总量应为7.0mg~27.0mg;姜厚朴配方颗粒应检出和厚朴酚、厚朴酚等成分;姜厚朴配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%。
熟地黄配方颗粒每1g含地黄苷D(C27H42O20)应为0.70mg~2.70mg;熟地黄配方颗粒应检出洋地黄叶苷C、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、异毛蕊花糖苷等成分;熟地黄配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于12.0%。
陈皮配方颗粒每1g含橙皮苷(C28H34O15)应为6.5mg~14.5mg;陈皮配方颗粒应检出柚皮芸香苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素等成分;陈皮配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于23.0%。
炙甘草配方颗粒每1g含甘草苷(C21H22O9)应为6.5mg~23.0mg,含甘草酸(C42H62O16)应为12.9mg~60.0mg;炙甘草配方颗粒应检出甘草苷、甘草酸等成分;炙甘草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%。
制远志配方颗粒每1g含细叶远志皂苷(C36H56O12)应为20.0mg~40.0mg,含远志口山酮III(C25H28O15)应为0.80mg~2.50mg,含3.6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖(C36H46O17)应为6.0mg~15.0mg;制远志配方颗粒应检出西伯利亚远志糖A5、远志口山酮Ш、远志口山酮XI、3,6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖等成分;制远志配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%。
2、中药配方颗粒配方:
实施例1中药配方颗粒膏方的制法
调剂处方:应用中药配方颗粒调剂设备按照处方量进行处方调剂配制。
复溶:在膏方机锅中,加入颗粒总重量1.3倍量的清水,将保温温度与熬膏温度设置为55℃,时间设置为10min,开始加热搅拌,当温度达到50℃以上时,缓缓加入调剂好的中药配方颗粒。
熬膏:颗粒完全溶解后,将保温温度与熬膏温度设置为80℃,设置时间(34分钟/500g颗粒),使药液浓缩逐渐变为稠厚的清膏。(此时应用阿贝折光仪测定折光率,应为1.47-1.49)
收膏:加入炼蜜(100g炼蜜/500g颗粒)与柠檬酸(5g柠檬酸/500g颗粒)等辅料,盖上盖子,避免在膏体表面形成一层膜。继续80℃加热搅拌熬煮,熬膏时间(5min/500g颗粒)得膏,(此时应用阿贝折光仪测定折光率,应为1.47-1.49),即得。
熬膏工艺研究
具体考察熬膏时间和收膏参数对膏方工艺的影响。对颗粒熬制膏方的加水量、熬膏温度、熬膏时间、蜂蜜用量、柠檬酸用量、胶类用量等参数进行实验研究及验证。并以主观指标挂旗、吸水纸、冷水测3种常用膏方熬制终点方法为指标确定熬膏时间,由于该3种判定方法主观性强、凭经验,不同的人制备膏方很容易导致质量差异过大,所以将这3种主观指标转化成客观指标固含量、折光率、密度。
1、加水量考察
取上述1个处方量的颗粒,共682.5g。分别加入0.8、1.0、1.3、1.5倍水,观察颗粒溶解状态,最终确定加水量为1.3倍。
2、复溶温度
分别取颗粒,采用不同复溶温度观察颗粒复溶情况,最终确定颗粒复溶最佳温度为55±5℃。
熬膏温度(℃) | 现象 |
65±5℃ | 颗粒成坨,不易迅速溶解,温度偏高 |
55±5℃ | 颗粒溶解迅速,温度适宜 |
45±5℃ | 颗粒复溶慢,温度偏低 |
3、熬膏温度考察
分别考察不同熬膏温度熬膏情况,最终确定最佳熬膏温度为80±5℃。
熬膏温度(℃) | 现象 |
90±5℃ | 熬膏过程中容易糊底,膏中出现焦屑 |
80±5℃ | 温度适宜 |
70±5℃ | 耗时长 |
4、熬膏时间确定
取不同量的颗粒,按前述确定的条件熬膏,熬至膏滴在吸水纸不散、“滴水成珠”状态时,测定相对密度与折光率,并分别记录达物理参数一致时所需熬膏时间,最终确定熬膏时间为每500g颗粒需34min。
颗粒量 | 熬膏时间(℃) | 折光率 | 相对密度 |
683 | 46 | 1.4858 | 1.37 |
1366 | 92 | 1.4833 | 1.37 |
2049 | 138 | 1.4809 | 1.37 |
5、蜂蜜炼制程度的确认
分别采用不用炼制程度的蜂蜜用于膏方熬制,最终确定采用中蜜熬制膏方较为适宜。
6、蜂蜜加入量的确定
现代人的生活习惯发生改变,对含糖量高的食品服用比较慎重,因此,膏方制备过程中在满足制剂成型的同时,尽可能保证少加糖类物质,并结合多项指标,进行考察确认最佳加入炼蜜量。最终确定加入颗粒量20%的蜂蜜较为适宜。
7、柠檬酸加入量考察:
分别加入不同量的柠檬酸,通过膏滋口感确定柠檬酸最佳加入量。最终确定加入颗粒量1%的柠檬酸,膏方口感最佳。
8、胶类(阿胶、鹿角胶)添加量考察
(1)胶类总量考察
除阿胶、鹿角胶外按处方量称取处方中各配方颗粒,添加不同量阿胶与鹿角胶配方颗粒,二者比例为阿胶:鹿角胶2:3,观察最终收膏状态。
胶类添加总量 | 现象 |
15 | 收膏耗费时间较长 |
30 | 熬膏时间及膏体状态适宜 |
45 | 收膏后,膏体粘度高,易糊底,且冷却后膏体易板结 |
(2)阿胶与鹿角胶比例考察
按不同比例取阿胶、鹿角胶取颗粒,二者总量为30g,除二者外其余药味配方颗粒按处方量称取制备膏方样品,通过临床观察,比较使用效果。
实验例1
取实施例1制备的中药配方颗粒膏方进行药效学实验研究。
1、材料与试剂
1.1材料与仪器
实验动物:昆明种雌性小鼠50只,SPF级,体重30±2g,置于饲养观察室内观察(室温25±1℃、相对温度50-60%),自然光照,昼夜明暗交替时间为12h,自由进食饮水,通风洁净良好。7天后被随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,每组10只。
主要仪器:电子分析天平(美国DENVER公司)、光学显微镜数码照相系统(日本OLYMPUS)、ACS-3H-B电子秤(中山市金利电子衡器有限公司)、LG10-2.4型离心机(北京医疗仪器修理厂)、三用电热恒温水箱(北京长源实验设备厂)、紫外可见光光度计(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)
1.2药物及试剂
药物取用实施例1中制备的中药配方颗粒膏方,并分为低、中、高三个剂量组,低剂量组(1/2临床等效剂量)、中剂量组(临床等效剂量)、高剂量组(2倍临床等效剂量)、黄体酮注射液(浙江仙据制药股份有限公司)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、酪氨酸(Tyr)试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)、生理盐水等
2、方法
2.1小鼠黄褐斑模型建立与给药方法
模型组和给药组共4组,以0.4%黄体酮注射液按5ml/kg体重于小鼠大腿根部注射,两侧交替,正常对照组按5ml/kg体重予注射用生理盐水肌肉注射,每天1次。各剂量组,每天灌胃相应浓度的药物溶液1.0mL,2次/d,正常对照组灌服同体积的生理盐水,连续30d。
2.2观察指标及测试方法
观察实验期间小鼠的脱毛部位皮肤变化情况,以及每日小鼠的行为、活动、摄食、排泄及有无死亡。如果有死亡立即解剖小鼠,肉眼观察小鼠各主要器官和组织。造模1月后,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,取肝脏及脱毛部位皮肤,冷生理盐水冲洗,切取皮肤、肝脏各0.5g,高速离心匀浆两次,取上清液检测SOD活性、丙二醛和酪氨酸含量,各项指标均按试剂盒说明书测定计算。
2.3数据分析
3、结果
3.1模型小鼠的状态观察
雌性小鼠注射黄体酮1个月,可以达到升高其皮肤、肝脏Tyr和MDA含量,降低其皮肤、肝脏SOD活性,导致模型小鼠酪氨酸生成增加和其体内氧化与抗氧化之间平衡的紊乱。各组造模成功小鼠皮肤肉眼观察,未见色变,无黄褐色斑片或色素沉着斑,无鳞屑,无红斑,无水肿。处死剖杀小鼠时,肉眼观察各组小鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、消化道、卵巢及子宫等重要脏器,均未见异常现象。
3.2本品对小鼠皮肤、肝脏酪氨酸含量的影响
皮肤的颜色主要由黑素决定,黑素以酪氨酸为底物,其数量及分布情况的不同,构成了人类的不同肤色。酪氨酸增多是黑素形成增加、色素增加性皮肤病发病的主要物质基础。
模型对照组皮肤、肝脏的酪氨酸值均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),造模成功,高剂量组和中剂量组小鼠皮肤、肝脏中的酪氨酸值明显低于模型组(P<0.05),说明上述两种剂量水平均能够显著减少实验小鼠皮肤、肝脏的酪氨酸含量。低剂量组小鼠皮肤、肝脏中的酪氨酸值有降低趋势,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(表1)
与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05;与正常对照组比较,#P<0.05。
3.3本品对小鼠皮肤、肝脏MDA含量的影响
丙二醛(MDA)是体内重要的氧自由基的代谢产物,其含量是反映机体抗氧化潜在能力的重要参数,可以反映机体脂质过氧化速率和强度,也能间接反映组织过氧化损伤程度。
模型对照组与正常对照组比较P<0.01,造模成功。高剂量组和中剂量组小鼠的皮肤、肝脏的MDA值均明显比模型组低(P<0.05),但低剂量组与模型组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。高剂量组与正常对照组相比,小鼠的皮肤、肝脏的MDA值组间差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),证实本品抗氧化作用明确,疗效显著。(表2)
与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05;与正常对照组比较,#P<0.05。
3.4本品对小鼠皮肤、肝脏SOD活性的影响
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),是生物体内清除自由基的重要抗氧化酶,广泛分布于各种生物体内,可对抗与阻断因氧自由基对细胞造成的损害,并及时修复受损细胞,复原因自由基造成的对细胞伤害。
与正常对照组比较,模型对照组皮肤、肝脏的SOD活性值均发生了非常显著的变化(P<0.01),证实造模方法可行。低剂量组和中剂量组的皮肤的SOD活性值,均明显高于模型对照组(P<0.05),与正常对照组相比,差异同样具有统计学意义(P<0.05);高剂量组皮肤、肝脏的SOD活性值则与模型对照组差异显著(P<0.05),与正常对照组差异不明显(P>0.05),甚至略高;研究表明本品具有显著的抗氧化作用,对于因抗氧化酶系统活性受到阻碍,导致过氧化脂质蓄积而产生黄褐斑的患者,具有重要的临床应用价值。(表3)
与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05;与正常对照组比较,#P<0.05。
4、结论
上述研究证实,与模型对照组比较,本品临床等效剂量或二倍剂量,对于皮肤和肝脏内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和酪氨酸(Tyr)均产生了显著的影响,部分检测指标甚至与正常对照组间差异没有统计学意义,其美容养颜,抗氧化活性明显,作用明确,值得临床推广应用。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,与实施例1处方相比,实施例2的处方中无当归、川芎、燀桃仁、红花、益母草、郁金六味中药。
1、处方
2、制法
按处方量取配方颗粒共525.5g,加入55℃温水683.15g,充分搅拌,使颗粒完全复溶,80℃加热熬膏,熬膏时间为36min,加入蜂蜜78.8g,柠檬酸5.25g,继续80℃加热熬煮5.3min,完成收膏,即得,趁热倾入洁净容器,密封保存。
实施例3
与实施例1的不同之处在于,与实施例1处方相比,实施例2的处方中无黄芪、白术、麸炒白术、砂仁、陈皮、酒黄精、麸炒枳实七味中药。
1、处方
2、制法
按处方量取配方颗粒共366g,加入55℃温水475.8g,充分搅拌,使颗粒完全复溶,80℃加热熬膏,熬膏时间为25min,加入蜂蜜55g,柠檬酸3.66g,继续80℃加热熬煮3.66min,完成收膏,即得,趁热倾入洁净容器,密封保存。
实验例2祛黄褐斑人体试食实验
1、材料与试剂
1.1材料与仪器
受试者:年龄在18岁-65岁之间,非妊娠期或哺乳期妇女,排除其他疾病引起的色素沉着的黄褐斑患者。随机分为实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组,安慰剂组,每组50例。
1.2药物及试剂
实施例1膏方、实施例2膏方、实施例3膏方,安慰剂组
2、方法
2.1给药方法
共4组,分别给实施例1样品、实施例2样品、实施例3样品,安慰剂样品每天2次,每次1袋。1个月为一个疗程,连续治疗3个月。并嘱患者规律作息、合理饮食、保持情绪稳定,同时严格做好防晒保护。
2.2观察指标及测试方法
(1)头面部黄褐斑面积大小检测:受试者试食前后用同一数码相机在特定条件下拍摄证明、左侧面和右侧面照片,用“皮肤色素斑图像量化分析系统”测量全脸黄褐斑的面积(mm2)。
(2)头面部黄褐斑颜色深浅检测:受试者试食前后用同一数码相机在特定条件下拍摄正面、左侧面和右侧面照片,用“皮肤色素斑图像量化分析系统”测量每块黄褐斑的平均灰度。
2.3数据处理和结果判定
对试食前后黄褐斑颜色积分和面积变化进行统计,并计算有效率。
判定标准:
有效:黄褐斑颜色积分减少≥18,同时面积减少≥10%,且不产生新的黄褐斑(原有黄褐斑部位黄褐斑数目增加但面积减小,视为未产生新黄褐斑)。
无效:黄褐斑颜色积分和面积无明显变化或加重。
试验数据为计量资料,可用t检验进行分析。自身对照资料采用配对t检验,两组均数比较采用成组t检验,后者需进行方差齐性检验。
3、试食前后黄褐斑颜色积分和面积变化统计结果如表4所示,数据计算结果如表5所示。
表4实验结果统计表
表5
4、结论
本次研究结果显示,实施例1治疗黄褐斑的总有效率为84.35%,实施例2治疗黄褐斑的总有效率为51.67%,实施例3治疗黄褐斑的总有效率为67.81%。说明各实施例组均具有治疗黄褐斑作用,尤以实施例1治疗效果最佳,且保持时间更久。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药组合物,其原料药的重量组成为:当归80-120重量份、川芎100-140重量份、赤芍60-100重量份、麸炒白术60-100重量份、茯苓80-120重量份、白术50-90重量份、盐补骨脂40-80重量份、玉竹20-60重量份、酒苁蓉40-80重量份、桂枝40-80重量份、益母草70-110重量份、盐菟丝子40-80重量份、白芍80-120重量份、白芷22-62重量份、黄芪130-170重量份、麸炒枳实60-100重量份、郁金40-80重量份、升麻10-50重量份、防风28-68重量份、北柴胡28-68重量份、酒女贞子40-80重量份、枸杞子40-80重量份、燀桃仁20-60重量份、红花52-92重量份、炒莱菔子50-90重量份、酒黄精20-60重量份、石斛40-80重量份、姜厚朴40-80重量份、熟地黄40-80重量份、砂仁10-50重量份、陈皮22-62重量份、炙甘草40-80重量份、制远志40-80重量份、鹿角胶10-25重量份、阿胶16-56重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述原料药以原料药配方颗粒参与调配,其中,参与调配的原料药配方颗粒的重量组成包括:当归配方颗粒53.3-80重量份、川芎配方颗粒33.0-46.7重量份、赤芍配方颗粒18.0-30.5重量份、麸炒白术配方颗粒12-20重量份、茯苓配方颗粒8-12重量份、白术配方颗粒15-27.5重量份、盐补骨脂配方颗粒8-16重量份、玉竹配方颗粒8-24重量份、酒苁蓉配方颗粒12-24.5重量份、桂枝配方颗粒2-4重量份、益母草配方颗粒12.5-20重量份、盐菟丝子配方颗粒8.5-17.8重量份、白芍配方颗粒17.5-26.7重量份、白芷配方颗粒5.5-15.5重量份、黄芪配方颗粒52-68重量份、麸炒枳实配方颗粒18-30.5重量份、郁金配方颗粒2-4重量份、升麻配方颗粒2-10重量份、防风配方颗粒14-34重量份、北柴胡配方颗粒7-17重量份、酒女贞子配方颗粒15-30.8重量份、枸杞子配方颗粒16-32重量份、燀桃仁配方颗粒3-10重量份、红花配方颗粒17-30.7重量份、炒莱菔子配方颗粒10-18重量份、酒黄精配方颗粒8-24重量份、石斛配方颗粒2-4重量份、姜厚朴配方颗粒5-10重量份、熟地黄配方颗粒30.5-61.6重量份、砂仁配方颗粒0.5-2.5重量份、陈皮配方颗粒11-31重量份、炙甘草配方颗粒20-40重量份、制远志配方颗粒11.4-22.9重量份、鹿角胶配方颗粒6.5-16.7重量份、阿胶配方颗粒8-28重量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,当归配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸应为0.70-1.40mg;所述当归配方颗粒中应检出尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、色氨酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯Ⅰ、洋川芎内酯H成分;所述当归配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于10.0%;
优选地,川芎配方颗粒每1g含阿魏酸应为1.5-4.5mg;所述川穹配方颗粒中应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯Ⅰ、洋川芎内酯A成分;所述川穹配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%;
优选地,赤芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷应为55.0-146.0mg;所述赤芍配方颗粒中应检出没食子酸、原儿茶醛、儿茶素、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷成分;所述赤芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%;
优选地,茯苓配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于8.0%;
优选地,盐补骨脂配方颗粒每1g含补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的总量应为55.0-146.0mg;所述盐补骨脂配方颗粒中应检出补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素、补骨脂酚成分;所述盐补骨脂配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%;
优选地,益母草配方颗粒每1g含盐酸益母草碱应为1.5-4.9mg、含盐酸水苏碱应为18.8-60.0mg;所述益母草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于19.0%;
优选地,盐菟丝子配方颗粒每1g含金丝桃苷应为2.7-8.0mg;所述盐菟丝子配方颗粒应检出绿原酸、隐绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷成分;所述盐菟丝子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于16.0%;
优选地,白芍配方颗粒每1g含芍药苷应为65.0-137.0mg;所述白芍配方颗粒应检出没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖、苯甲酰芍药苷成分;所述白芍配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于35.0%;
优选地,白芷配方颗粒每1g含欧前胡素应为0.25-1.20mg;所述白芷配方颗粒应检出水合氧化前胡素、白当归素、佛手苷内酯、欧前胡素、珊瑚菜素、异欧前胡素成分;所述白芷配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于15.0%;
优选地,黄芪配方颗粒每1g含黄芪甲苷应为1.20-3.50mg;所述黄芪配方颗粒应检出毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮峰、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ、黄芪皂苷Ⅰ成分;所述黄芪配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%;
优选地,麸炒枳实配方颗粒每1g含辛弗林应为5.0-15.5mg;所述麸炒枳实配方颗粒应检出柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、辛弗林成分;所述麸炒枳实配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%;
优选地,升麻配方颗粒每1g含异阿魏酸应为8.5-20.0mg;所述升麻配方颗粒应检出咖啡酸、阿魏酸、异阿魏酸成分;所述升麻配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于20.0%;
优选地,防风配方颗粒每1g含升麻素苷应为8.5-20.0mg、含5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷应为5.0-12.0mg;所述防风配方颗粒应检出升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷成分;所述防风配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%;
优选地,北柴胡配方颗粒每1g含柴胡皂苷a应为1.60-5.00mg;所述北柴胡配方颗粒应检出柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷b2、柴胡皂苷b1成分;所述北柴胡配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%;
优选地,酒女贞子配方颗粒每1g含红景天苷应为5.0-25.0mg;所述酒女贞子应检出红景天苷、特女贞苷、女贞苷G13、Oleonuezhenide成分;所述酒女贞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于30.0%;
优选地,枸杞子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%;
优选地,燀桃仁配方颗粒每1g含苦杏仁苷应为21.0-70.0mg;所述燀桃仁配方颗粒应检出色氨酸、苦杏仁苷成分;所述燀桃仁配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于17.0%;
优选地,红花配方颗粒每1g含羟基红花黄色素A不得少于0.55mg;
优选地,炒莱菔子配方颗粒每1g含芥子碱以芥子碱硫氰酸盐计应为8.0-20.0mg;所述炒莱菔子配方颗粒应检出芥子碱硫氰酸盐、3,6-二芥子酰基蔗糖成分;所述炒莱菔子配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于18.0%;
优选地,姜厚朴配方颗粒每1g含厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的总量应为7.0-27.0mg;所述姜厚朴配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于25.0%;
优选地,熟地黄配方颗粒每1g含地黄苷D应为0.70mg~2.70mg;所述熟地黄配方颗粒应检出洋地黄叶苷C、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、异毛蕊花糖苷成分;所述熟地黄配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于12.0%;
优选地,陈皮配方颗粒每1g含橙皮苷应为6.5-14.5mg;所述陈皮配方颗粒应检出柚皮芸香苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素成分;所述陈皮配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于23.0%;
优选地,炙甘草配方颗粒每1g含甘草苷应为6.5-23.0mg、含甘草酸应为12.9-60.0mg;所述炙甘草配方颗粒应检出甘草苷、甘草酸成分;所述炙甘草配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%;
优选地,制远志配方颗粒每1g含细叶远志皂苷应为20.0-40.0mg、含远志口山酮III应为0.80-2.50mg、含3.6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖应为6.0-15.0mg;所述制远志配方颗粒应检出西伯利亚远志糖A5、远志口山酮Ш、远志口山酮XI、3,6’-二芥子酰基蔗糖成分;所述制远志配方颗粒的醇溶性浸出物应不少于40.0%。
4.一种中药制剂,其以权利要求1至3中任一项所述的中药组合物为原料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,为中药膏方制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药膏方制剂配方中还含有辅料炼蜜和/或柠檬酸;
优选地,所述炼蜜为中蜜,其用量为中药配方颗粒总量的15-25%;
优选地,所述柠檬酸的加入量为中药配方颗粒总量的0-1.2%,优选为0.4-1%。
7.权利要求5或6所述的中药膏方制剂的制备方法,其包括:取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后烊化,其余原料药按量调配后加水浸泡;将浸泡后的原料药煎煮后制清膏,将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶倒入清膏中制稠膏即得;
或者,将原料药制备成配方颗粒后调配,于水中复溶,然后熬制清膏,收膏即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后于1.5-3倍水中隔水蒸20-40分钟烊化,其余原料药按量调配后于8-15倍量水中浸泡6-10小时;将浸泡后的原料药武火加热至沸腾,后改为文火加热,保持沸腾状态,煎煮1.5-3小时,过滤,滤液备用;加6-10倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤,合并滤液,4-10℃静置10-14小时,取上清液60-80℃浓缩,得清膏;将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶倒入清膏中,小火慢慢熬炼,搅拌得稠膏,即得;
或者,所述方法包括:原料配方颗粒按量调配,取颗粒总量0.8-1.5倍量清水加热至40-60℃,加入调配好的原料配方颗粒,完全溶解后于65-85℃熬制清膏,继续加热搅拌熬煮,熬煮时间为每500g中药配方颗粒熬煮30-40分钟,即得。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
取鹿角胶和阿胶单独称量后于1.5-3倍水中隔水蒸20-40分钟烊化,其余原料药按量调配后于8-15倍量水中浸泡6-10小时;将浸泡后的原料药武火加热至沸腾,后改为文火加热,保持沸腾状态,煎煮1.5-3小时,过滤,滤液备用;加6-10倍量水煎煮1小时,过滤,合并滤液,4-10℃静置10-14小时,取上清液60-80℃浓缩,得清膏;将烊化开的鹿角胶、阿胶、炼蜜、柠檬酸倒入清膏中,小火慢慢熬炼,搅拌得稠膏,即得;
原料配方颗粒按量调配,取颗粒总量0.8-1.5倍量清水加热至40-60℃,加入调配好的原料配方颗粒,完全溶解后于65-85℃熬制清膏,加入炼蜜和柠檬酸继续加热搅拌熬煮,熬煮时间为每500g中药配方颗粒熬煮30-40分钟,即得。
10.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的中药组合物或者权利要求4至6中任一项所述的中药制剂在制备治疗黄褐斑的药物中的应用。
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