CN112616995A - 一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法 - Google Patents
一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供的一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，通过将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合形成基粉；对基粉进行质调，将质调后的基粉进行膨化，得到饲料颗粒；将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品，所得的美洲鳗黑子饲料成品中的发酵豆粕为豆粕发酵后膨化而成能够提高美洲鳗黑子的免疫力，柠檬酸能够促进美洲鳗黑子磷的吸收，从而减少磷的排放，另外通过在饲料颗粒外表面喷涂鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的混合物，不仅增加了饲料油脂含量，还能增加鳗鱼肠道有益菌含数量，使得饲料的各组分配比更加科学合理益生菌能促进鳗鱼消化吸收，从而降低氨氮的排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产鱼类饲料领域，特别涉及一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法。
背景技术
美洲鳗就鳗鲡科鳗鲡属的一种鱼类。体延长而呈蛇状，尾部侧扁。它与日本鳗、欧洲鳗十分相似，但美洲鳗鲡对营养要求更高，需要高蛋白，高脂肪的饲料，同时要有合适的微量元素和维生素。饥饿时会吃同类。目前市场饲料为了保证粘弹性，黑子饲料不得不大比例地使用淀粉，高比例淀粉的添加也影响配方营养总体平衡，饲料效率低，鳗鲡消化不良，造成美洲鳗黑子期容易肠炎，抗病能力下降，生长不良的黑子容易畸形，后期成长缓慢，俗称三类鳗，现有的美洲鳗黑子饲料存在以下缺点：
缺点1:市场美洲鳗黑子饲料含淀粉较高，美洲鳗黑子鳗不易消化吸，容易肠炎，生长不良，引起畸形鳗。
缺点2:市场美洲鳗黑子饲料多为高蛋白低脂肪，能蛋比不当，营养不平衡，消化不完全，造成水中氨氮含量太高，达不到国家污水排放标准。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
为了解决现有技术的上述问题，本发明提供一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，应用该方法所得的美洲鳗黑子饲料成品不仅易于美洲鳗黑子食用和消化吸收，还能降低饲养过程中磷和氨氮的排放。
(二)技术方案
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的主要技术方案包括：
一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
S1、将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合形成基粉；
S2、对所述基粉进行质调，将质调后的基粉进行膨化，得到饲料颗粒；
S3、将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品。
(三)有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：通过将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合形成基粉；对所述基粉进行质调，将质调后的基粉进行膨化，得到饲料颗粒；将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品，所得的美洲鳗黑子饲料成品中的发酵豆粕为豆粕发酵后膨化而成能够提高美洲鳗黑子的免疫力，柠檬酸能够促进美洲鳗黑子磷的吸收，从而减少磷的排放，另外通过在饲料颗粒外表面喷涂鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的混合物，不仅增加了饲料油脂含量，还能增加鳗鱼肠道有益菌含数量，使得饲料的各组分配比更加科学合理益生菌能促进鳗鱼消化吸收，从而降低氨氮的排放。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明，以便于理解，下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明作详细描述。
实施例一
一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，包括步骤：
S1、将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合形成基粉；
S1具体为：
将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合后进行超微粉碎后，通过80目筛过滤形成基粉。
具体地，鱼粉为鳕鱼、沙丁鱼和铁甲鱼加工而成，粗蛋白含量65％以上，粗脂肪含量8％，是美洲鳗黑子主要营养来源；
发酵豆粕为豆粕发酵后膨化而成，含大量小肽蛋白和寡糖，容易吸收同时能增强美洲鳗黑子的抗病能力。
优选地，所述复合矿物质采用广州天科生物科技有限公司生产的奇力宝(鳗鱼用)复合矿物质，该复合矿物质主要含蛋氨酸锌铬合物、硫酸锌、蛋氨酸铜铬合物、硫酸锰、硫酸亚铁、亚硒酸钠及载体麦饭石。
优选地，所述复合维生素采用广州飞喜特生物科技有限公司的肉食性用复合复合维生素饲料V-105，每千克该复合维生素含有维生素A 40000000IU、维生素D21000000IU、维生素E 150000IU、维生素K 3克、维生素B1 20克、维生素B2 35克、维生素B6 20克、维生素B12 100毫克、叶酸5克、生物素550毫克、Vc15克。
S2、对所述基粉进行质调，将质调后的基粉进行膨化，得到饲料颗粒；
所述步骤S2具体为：
每公斤基粉加入100-110毫升的水，并在95-100摄氏度进行质调；
将质调后的基粉在75摄氏度温度下膨化80分钟，得到饲料颗粒。
具体地，采用双质调，让面粉、淀粉与其它原料充分调成胶状，质调温度为100摄氏度时，质调时间为1分钟，当质调温度为95摄氏度时，质调温度为2分钟，膨化时，膨化箱采用加长型八节箱体，保证低温下长时间膨化，确保颗粒水分均匀；
通过调质和膨化，让面粉能与其它原料成胶状延长膨化时间，降低膨化温度，控制美洲鳗黑子饲料成品水分在9.5-10％，使其软硬适中，口感好又容易消化
S3、将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品。
所述步骤S3具体为：
采用真空喷涂的方式将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品。
具体地，先将乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和鱼油混合后，用2700转/小时搅拌机打至乳化状态后，采用抽风式真空机进行喷涂，根据需要调节压力，本发明所需为0.4个大气压喷油，保证喷油均匀。
所述美洲鳗黑子饲料成品由以下重量份的原料组成：380-390份鱼粉、70-80份发酵豆粕、10-20份谷朊粉、40-50份面粉、2-3份胆碱、2-3份柠檬酸、20-30份淀粉、3-3.5份复合矿物质、3-4份复合维生素、60-70份鱼油、2.5-3份乳酸菌和2.5-3份双歧杆菌。
具体地，美洲鳗黑子饲料成品装入包装袋中，用真空包装机包装，随后包装好的产品存放在30度以下的仓库中。
实施例二
本实施例和实施例一的区别在于，本实施例中美洲鳗黑子饲料成品的原料中不含有乳酸菌和双歧杆菌。
表1为实施例一、实施例二的美洲鳗黑子饲料成品和现有美洲鳗黑子饲料饲喂情况对比表
表1
由上可知，采用本发明制备方法所得到的美洲鳗黑子饲料成品易于美洲鳗黑子食用和消化吸收，且磷和氨氮的排放较低。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等同变换，或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
S1、将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合形成基粉；
S2、对所述基粉进行质调，将质调后的基粉进行膨化，得到饲料颗粒；
S3、将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1具体为：
将鱼粉、发酵豆粕、谷朊粉、面粉、胆碱、柠檬酸、淀粉、复合矿物质和复合维生素混合后进行超微粉碎后，通过80目筛过滤形成基粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2具体为：
每公斤基粉加入100-110毫升的水，并在95-100摄氏度进行质调；
将质调后的基粉在75摄氏度温度下膨化80分钟，得到饲料颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3具体为：
采用真空喷涂的方式将鱼油、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌混合后喷涂至所述饲料颗粒的外表面，得到美洲鳗黑子饲料成品。
5.根据权利要求1所述的美洲鳗黑子饲料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述美洲鳗黑子饲料成品由以下重量份的原料组成：380-390份鱼粉、70-80份发酵豆粕、10-20份谷朊粉、40-50份面粉、2-3份胆碱、2-3份柠檬酸、20-30份淀粉、3-3.5份复合矿物质、3-4份复合维生素、60-70份鱼油、2.5-3份乳酸菌和2.5-3份双歧杆菌。
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