CN112593213A - 一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺 - Google Patents
一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，包括：将自动倾斜器导筒表面预处理后，均匀涂覆一层炭黑；采用激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化；采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层；采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上再喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。该工艺所制备的涂层具有均匀致密，且耐磨、防腐、导热性能优异等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及表面处理技术领域，特别涉及一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺。
背景技术
随着我国航空行业的高速发展，特别是在先进的航空发动机的关键制造技术中，对减轻发动机重量，提升发动机动能，保证发动机安全可靠的性能要求也越来越高。自动倾斜器导筒是直升机倾斜器的重要组成部分，要求强度高，密度小且耐磨、防腐、导热性能高。其一般采用7075铝合金铝合金制备。但铝合金受其自身高活性，易氧化，硬度低等的特点影响，导致其耐磨耐蚀性能较差。目前的普遍做法是在自动倾斜器导筒表面制备耐磨防腐涂层，从防护效果出发，要求涂层涂覆均匀，且与基材结合强度高，且还要求涂层自身耐磨耐腐蚀性能强，且涂层具有导热性好等一系列的要求。目前大多数自动倾斜器导筒表面采用碳化钨涂层，该涂层具有硬度高、防腐性能优异等优点，但受制备工艺限制及铝合金自身微观缺陷等影响，该涂层均匀性较差且局部与基材结合强度差，容易导致局部腐蚀而报废。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，所制备的涂层均匀致密，且耐磨、防腐、导热性能优异。
本发明提供一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，包括：
将自动倾斜器导筒表面预处理后，均匀涂覆一层炭黑；
采用激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化；
采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层；
采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上再喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。
优选地，所述激光器为CO2激光器，所述激光器的激光功率为1500-3000W，搭接率10-20％，扫描速度为500-1500mm/min，激光宽带尺寸为长×宽＝20mm×1mm。
优选地，熔凝强化在载气流量为5-10L/min的惰性气体下进行。
优选地，采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积非晶碳层的工艺参数为：腔体气压为0.2-0.3GPa，沉积功率为200-250W，沉积负偏压为-100--200V。
优选地，爆炸喷涂时的飞行速度为800-1200m/s，制备所述碳化钨钴涂层的粉末为粒径为15-40μm的碳化钨钴颗粒。
本发明提供的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，先通过激光熔凝工艺改善铝合金的合金偏析、第二相尺寸过大、气孔、裂纹等冶金缺陷，从而有助于减少电偶腐蚀，且有助于后续涂层的均匀附着，提高后续涂层与铝合金基体的结合强度。再通过在铝合金基体与碳化钨钴涂层之间增加非晶碳层，以进一步提高基体与碳化钨钴涂层之间的结合强度。并且，非晶碳层自身具有类似金刚石的高硬度与高耐磨性，可显著提高复合涂层的耐磨性。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件上，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接设置在另一个元件上；当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至另一个元件上。
需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，多个”、“若干个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本发明实施例提供一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，包括：
S110、将自动倾斜器导筒表面预处理。
本发明实施例中，表面预处理的具体过程为：将自动倾斜器导筒表面打磨，喷砂处理后，置于碱性溶液中去除表面油脂后，用清水洗涤；然后置于体积比为3:1的浓盐酸与浓硝酸中，去除自动倾斜器导筒表面的金属氧化物后，用清水洗涤。
S120、在预处理后的自动倾斜器导筒表面刷涂一层炭黑层，并干燥。
本发明实施例中，炭黑层的厚度为0.02-0.05mm。炭黑层有助于铝合金基材在后续熔凝处理过程中吸收激光。
S130、采用激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化。
本发明实施例中，熔凝强化在载气流量为5-10L/min的惰性气体下进行。熔凝强化采用的激光器为CO2激光器，所述激光器的激光功率为1500-3000W，搭接率10-20％，扫描速度为500-1500mm/min，激光宽带尺寸为长×宽＝20mm×1mm。
激光熔凝强化可改善铝合金的合金偏析、第二相尺寸过大、气孔、裂纹等冶金缺陷，从而有助于减少电偶腐蚀，且有助于后续涂层的均匀附着，提高后续涂层与铝合金基体的结合强度。
S140、采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层。
本发明实施例中，采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积非晶碳层的工艺参数为：腔体气压为0.2-0.3GPa，沉积功率为200-250W，沉积负偏压为-100--200V。
非晶碳层中间层有助于缓解铝合金基体和碳化钨钴涂层之间的热膨胀差，从而有助于提高铝合金基体与后续碳化钨钴涂层之间的结合强度。并且，非晶碳层自身具有类似金刚石的高硬度与高耐磨性，可显著提高复合涂层的耐磨性。
S150、采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上再喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。
本发明实施例中，爆炸喷涂时的飞行速度为800-1200m/s，制备所述碳化钨钴涂层的粉末为粒径为15-40μm的碳化钨钴颗粒。
由上可知，本发明提供的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，复合涂层与铝合金基体的结合强度高，且涂层能均匀附着在铝合金基体表面，且涂层具有高耐磨、高防腐及高导热性能，满足航空行业对自动倾斜器导筒的使用要求。
实施例1
一种本实施例的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，包括：
S110、将自动倾斜器导筒表面打磨，喷砂处理后，置于碱性溶液中去除表面油脂后，用清水洗涤；然后置于体积比为3:1的浓盐酸与浓硝酸中，去除自动倾斜器导筒表面的金属氧化物后，用清水洗涤。
S120、在预处理后的自动倾斜器导筒表面刷涂一层厚度为0.05mm炭黑层，并干燥。
S130、在载气流量为8L/min的惰性气体下，采用CO2激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化。CO2激光器的激光功率为2500-W，搭接率20％，扫描速度为1000mm/min，激光宽带尺寸为长×宽＝20mm×1mm。
S140、采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层。等离子体增强化学气相沉积非晶碳层的工艺参数为：腔体气压为0.3GPa，沉积功率为200W，沉积负偏压为-150V。
S150、采用粒径为15-40μm的碳化钨钴颗粒作为喷涂源，采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。爆炸喷涂时的飞行速度为1000m/s，形成厚度为0.2mm的碳化钨钴涂层。
实施例2
一种本实施例的本实施例的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，包括：
S110、将自动倾斜器导筒表面打磨，喷砂处理后，置于碱性溶液中去除表面油脂后，用清水洗涤；然后置于体积比为3:1的浓盐酸与浓硝酸中，去除自动倾斜器导筒表面的金属氧化物后，用清水洗涤。
S120、在预处理后的自动倾斜器导筒表面刷涂一层厚度为0.04mm炭黑层，并干燥。
S130、在载气流量为10L/min的惰性气体下，采用CO2激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化。CO2激光器的激光功率为2000W，搭接率20％，扫描速度为800mm/min，激光宽带尺寸为长×宽＝20mm×1mm。
S140、采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层。等离子体增强化学气相沉积非晶碳层的工艺参数为：腔体气压为0.2GPa，沉积功率为250W，沉积负偏压为-150V。
S150、采用粒径为15-40μm的碳化钨钴颗粒作为喷涂源，采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。爆炸喷涂时的飞行速度为1200m/s，形成厚度为0.3mm的碳化钨钴涂层。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，其特征在于，包括：
将自动倾斜器导筒表面预处理后，均匀涂覆一层炭黑；
采用激光器快速扫描涂有炭黑的自动倾斜器导筒表面，以对自动倾斜器导筒表面进行快速加热和冷却，使其熔凝强化；
采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺在经熔凝强化的自动倾斜器导筒表面沉积非晶碳层；
采用爆炸喷涂工艺在自动倾斜器导筒表面的非晶碳层上再喷涂碳化钨钴涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，其特征在于，所述激光器为CO2激光器，所述激光器的激光功率为1500-3000W，搭接率10-20％，扫描速度为500-1500mm/min，激光宽带尺寸为长×宽＝20mm×1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，其特征在于，熔凝强化在载气流量为5-10L/min的惰性气体下进行。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，其特征在于，采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积非晶碳层的工艺参数为：腔体气压为0.2-0.3GPa，沉积功率为200-250W，沉积负偏压为-100--200V。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的自动倾斜器导筒表面的耐磨防腐工艺，其特征在于，爆炸喷涂时的飞行速度为800-1200m/s，制备所述碳化钨钴涂层的粉末为粒径为15-40μm的碳化钨钴颗粒。
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