CN112586453B - Simple feeding method for predatory mites - Google Patents
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- CN112586453B CN112586453B CN202011408223.3A CN202011408223A CN112586453B CN 112586453 B CN112586453 B CN 112586453B CN 202011408223 A CN202011408223 A CN 202011408223A CN 112586453 B CN112586453 B CN 112586453B
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- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241001454295 Tetranychidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001454294 Tetranychus Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241001454293 Tetranychus urticae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000344246 Tetranychus cinnabarinus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001455175 Neoseiulus cucumeris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000406588 Amblyseius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001156090 Amblyseius orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 241001206567 Neoseiulus barkeri Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001658758 Neoseiulus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of insect breeding, in particular to a simple breeding method of predatory mites. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting peanut leaves; step 2: water culture of peanut leaves; and step 3: circularly propagating spider mites; and 4, step 4: circularly propagating predatory mites; and 5: packaging, preservation and release of predatory mites. The whole breeding process forms a streamline repeatable factory operation flow. In addition, the in-vitro water culture peanut leaves used in the invention are collected from peanut plants planted in a greenhouse or a field, are not only food for spider mites, but also culture seed sources for predatory mites, do not need to adopt other leaves or a combination of plant stems and leaves to move away when the spider mites are cultured, do not need to adopt a whole host plant with a root system when the predatory mites are propagated and released in the field, and have convenient operation and low requirements on the host plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of insect breeding, in particular to a simple breeding method of predatory mites.
Background
The pest mites of crops are easy to generate drug resistance due to strong reproductive capacity and short generation period, and the concentration and frequency of spraying the acaricide are higher and higher along with the enhancement of the drug resistance of the pest mites in recent years, so that the production cost is increased, the environmental pollution and the pesticide residue risk of agricultural products are caused, the number of natural enemies of the pest mites is reduced sharply, and the natural control capability of the natural enemies on the pest mites is lost. Predatory mites are main natural enemies of pest mites of crops, and a certain amount of predatory mites are released to crops when the density of the pest mites is low, so that the benefit-to-pest ratio reaches a normal state, and the method is an effective way for returning to ecological control of the pest mites.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 104222012a discloses a method for mass production of predatory mites by spider mites, which requires that leaves or a combination of plant stems and leaves for host plant inoculation be removed within 0.1 to 10 days after the spider mites are inoculated to the host plants, and the operation is cumbersome; and the used host plant is a plant with a root system, so the culture requirement is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simple feeding method for predatory mites, aiming at solving the problems that the predatory mites are fussy to culture and high in host plant requirement in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the simple feeding method of the predatory mites is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting peanut leaves: after 3-4 phyllotaxy grow on the peanut main branches, collecting the phyllotaxy with stiff petioles for feeding tetranychus mites;
step 2: water culture of peanut leaves: cutting off the fallen layer lumps at the base part of the picked peanut phyllotaxis to keep the length of the phyllotaxis at 3.5-4.5 cm, inserting the peanut phyllotaxis into a circular hole of a foam plate floating in a water pan, and keeping the base part of the phyllotaxis immersed in water;
and step 3: and (3) cyclic propagation of spider mites: inserting peanut leaves with spider mites fed in advance into water-cultured peanut leaf clusters, wherein the ratio of the peanut leaves with the spider mites fed in advance to the water-cultured peanut leaves in the round holes of each foam plate is 1: 5-7, and the spider mites are subjected to diffusion propagation for 6.5-7.5 days under the conditions that the indoor temperature is kept at 27.5-28.5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85%;
and 4, step 4: and (3) circularly propagating predatory mites: inserting peanut leaves which are propagated with predatory mites in advance into peanut leaf cluster holes on which tetranychus has grown in 6.5-7.5 days of water culture, wherein the ratio of the peanut leaves on which the predatory mites are propagated in advance to the peanut leaves on which the tetranychus has grown in the round holes of each foam plate is 1: 4-6, so that the predatory mites spread to eat the tetranychus and breed offspring, the temperature of the predatory mites in breeding is 1-2 ℃ lower than that of a tetranychus breeding chamber, and other conditions are the same; inoculating for 7 days, collecting peanut leaves with good predatory mites, and storing or continuously and circularly inoculating for the next batch;
and 5: packaging, preservation and release of predatory mites: and (3) putting the collected peanut leaves with the predatory mites into a plastic self-sealing bag, and blowing air before sealing to enable the bag to be in an inflated state.
In a further scheme, in the step 2, during peanut leaf water culture, 5-7 peanut leaf orders are inserted into circular holes of a foam plate floating in a water tray in a gathering mode, the aperture of each circular hole is 0.6-1 cm, the thickness of the foam plate is 1cm, and the area of the foam plate is smaller than that of the water tray.
In a further scheme, the peanut phyllotaxis pre-bred with the tetranychus in the step 3 is prepared by periodically and circularly propagating a tetranychus which is protected in a laboratory and is sensitive to acaricide.
In a further scheme, the water culture for 6.5-7.5 days in the step 4 refers to the total time from the inoculation of tetranychus urticae to the diffusion propagation of tetranychus urticae in the water culture peanut.
In a further scheme, the step 4 of circularly inoculating the next batch refers to that the collected peanut leaves with the predatory mites grow are separately inserted into peanut leaf plexus holes with the spider mites already growing for 6.5-7.5 days in water culture according to the ratio of 1: 4-6.
In a further scheme, the peanut leaves in which the predatory mites are propagated in advance in the step 4 are prepared by periodically and circularly propagating the predatory mites which are protected in a laboratory.
In a further embodiment, the tetranychus urticae is an experimental population of tetranychus urticae or tetranychus cinnabarinus which is sensitive to acaricides.
In a further embodiment, the predatory mite is neoseiulus pasteurii, amblyseius cucumeris, amblyseius pseudolongispinosus or amblyseius orientalis.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of collecting peanut leaves, propagating a tetranychus urticae koch strain sensitive to acaricides in a tetranychus urticae feeding room, transferring the peanut leaves after the tetranychus urticae koch is propagated for a period of time to a predatory mite propagation room, inoculating the predatory mites for propagation for a period of time, collecting and packaging the peanut leaves with the predatory mites, and storing the peanut leaves at low temperature or releasing the peanut leaves in the field. The whole breeding process forms a production line type factory operation flow capable of repeatedly circulating.
2. The water culture peanut leaves used in the invention are not only food for spider mites, but also culture carriers for the spider mites, other leaves or a combination of plant stems and leaves are not required to be adopted during the culture of spider mite seed sources and then moved away, the whole host plant with a root system is not required to be adopted during the propagation of predatory mites, the operation is convenient, and the requirement on the host plant is low.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The test methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A simple feeding method of predatory mites comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting peanut leaves: after 3-4 phyllotaxy grow out from the peanut main branches, the phyllotaxy with hard leaf stalks can be collected for feeding the tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite), and the peanut leaves are immediately put into a plastic film bag for fresh-keeping after being collected, so that the water loss and wilting can be prevented.
Step 2: water culture of peanut leaves: shearing off shedding layer lumps of the picked peanut phyllotaxis base part, keeping the length of a phyllotaxis handle at 3.5-4.5 cm, inserting 6 peanut leaves into a circular hole of a foam plate floating in a water tray, wherein the thickness of the foam plate is 1cm, the area of the foam plate is slightly smaller than that of the water tray, and uniformly punching holes with a puncher, and the aperture is 0.8 cm. The base of the phyllotaxis stalk is kept immersed in water, and the water in the plate is supplemented in time when the water is low. The water tray can be customized according to the purposes of the structure of the culture frame of the insect room, convenient operation and the like.
And step 3: and (3) cyclic propagation of spider mites: the peanut leaves with the spider mites fed in advance are inserted into the water culture peanut leaf clusters, and the ratio of the peanut leaves with the spider mites fed in advance in the round holes of each foam plate to the water culture peanut leaves is 1: 6. Under the conditions of keeping the indoor temperature of 27.5-28.5 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85%, the tetranychus urticae is subjected to diffusion propagation for 7 days and then can be used for predatory mite propagation or cyclic propagation of tetranychus urticae; and (4) continuously using the peanut leaves with the water cultured spider mites growing for 7 days for cyclic passage propagation of the spider mites or transferring the peanut leaves to a predatory mite feeding room for feeding the predatory mites. The peanut leaves are not only food for the tetranychid mites, but also culture carriers for predacious mites.
And 4, step 4: and (3) cyclic propagation of predatory mites: inserting peanut leaves of predatory mites (neoseiulus pasteurianus) which are propagated in advance into peanut leaf cluster holes of which tetranychus has grown for 7 days in water culture, wherein the ratio of the peanut leaves of the predatory mites propagated in advance in the round holes of each foam plate to the peanut leaves of the tetranychus has grown is 1:5, so that the predatory mites spread to eat the tetranychus and propagate offspring, the conditions of the predatory mite feeding chamber are basically the same as those of the tetranychus feeding chamber, and the difference is that the temperature of the predatory mite feeding chamber is 1-2 ℃ lower than that of the tetranychus feeding chamber. And (4) collecting the peanut leaves with the predatory mites after 7 days of inoculation and storing or continuing to circularly inoculate the next batch (namely, the peanut leaves with the predatory mites are respectively inserted into the peanut leaf cluster holes with the spider mites already growing after 7 days of water culture according to the ratio of 1: 4-6). The standard for harvesting predatory mites is that a few spider mites still exist on peanut leaves, and the rest spider mites can be used as food before the predatory mites are put in the field.
And 5: packaging, preservation and release of predatory mites: the collected peanut leaves with predatory mites are put into a plastic self-sealing bag, and air is blown in before sealing to enable the bag to be in an inflated state, so that the damage to the predatory mites caused by extrusion can be reduced. The packaged predatory mites can be stored for half a month at the low temperature of 11-13 ℃, preferably the predatory mites are released to greenhouse crops or fruit trees needing to be protected and controlled by spider mites within 10 days, 30-90 peanut leaves are uniformly thrown in each mu of land, the peanut leaf stalks with the predatory mites are inserted onto the crop leaves during release, and the long-term continuous control effect can be achieved by utilizing the automatic searching capability of the predatory mites on pest mites.
Example 2
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that the tetranychus cinnabarinus is used as tetranychus cinnabarinus, and the predatory mite is amblyseius cucumeris.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, features and principles described in the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simple predatory mite feeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting peanut leaves: after 3-4 phyllotaxy grow on the peanut main branches, collecting the phyllotaxy with stiff petioles for feeding tetranychus mites;
step 2: water culture of peanut leaves: cutting off the fallen layer lumps at the base part of the picked peanut phyllotaxis to keep the length of the phyllotaxis at 3.5-4.5 cm, inserting the peanut phyllotaxis into a circular hole of a foam plate floating in a water pan, and keeping the base part of the phyllotaxis immersed in water;
and step 3: and (3) cyclic propagation of spider mites: inserting peanut leaves with spider mites fed in advance into water-cultured peanut leaf clusters, wherein the ratio of the peanut leaves with the spider mites fed in advance to the water-cultured peanut leaves in the round holes of each foam plate is 1: 5-7, and the spider mites are subjected to diffusion propagation for 6.5-7.5 days under the conditions that the indoor temperature is kept at 27.5-28.5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85%;
and 4, step 4: and (3) cyclic propagation of predatory mites: inserting peanut leaves which are propagated with predatory mites in advance into peanut leaf cluster holes on which tetranychus has grown in 6.5-7.5 days of water culture, wherein the ratio of the peanut leaves on which the predatory mites are propagated in advance to the peanut leaves on which the tetranychus has grown in the round holes of each foam plate is 1: 4-6, so that the predatory mites spread to eat the tetranychus and breed offspring, the temperature of the predatory mites in breeding is 1-2 ℃ lower than that of a tetranychus breeding chamber, and other conditions are the same; inoculating for 7 days, collecting peanut leaves with good predatory mites, and storing or continuously and circularly inoculating for the next batch;
and 5: packaging, preservation and release of predatory mites: putting the collected peanut leaves with predatory mites into a plastic self-sealing bag, and blowing air into the bag before sealing the bag to ensure that the bag is in an inflated state; releasing predatory mites to greenhouse crops or fruit trees needing to prevent and control tetranychidae within 10 days, uniformly throwing 30-90 peanut leaves per mu of land, and inserting peanut leaf stalks with the predatory mites onto the crop leaves during releasing.
2. The simple predatory mite feeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, in the water culture of the peanut leaves, 5-7 peanut leaf orders are inserted into round holes of a foam plate floating in a water tray, the diameter of the round holes is 0.6-1 cm, the thickness of the foam plate is 1cm, and the area of the foam plate is smaller than that of the water tray.
3. The simple feeding method of predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peanut phyllotaxis pre-fed with tetranychus in step 3 is prepared by periodic cyclic propagation of tetranychus which is protected in a laboratory and is sensitive to acaricides.
4. The simple predatory mite feeding method according to claim 1, wherein 6.5-7.5 days of water culture in the step 4 means the total time from the inoculation of tetranychus urticae to the spread propagation of tetranychus urticae.
5. The simple predatory mite feeding method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 of circularly inoculating the next batch of the predatory mites comprises the step of inserting the collected peanut leaves with the good predatory mites into the peanut leaf cluster holes with the good spider mites already growing in the water culture for 6.5-7.5 days according to the ratio of 1: 4-6.
6. The simple feeding method of predatory mites as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peanut leaves on which the predatory mites are propagated in advance in step 4 are prepared by periodic cyclic propagation of the predatory mites protected in a laboratory.
7. The simple feeding method of predatory mites of claim 1, wherein the tetranychus urticae is an experimental population of tetranychus urticae or tetranychus cinnabarinus sensitive to acaricides.
8. The easy rearing method of predatory mites of claim 1, wherein the predatory mites are Amblyseius barkeri, Amblyseius cucumeris, Amblyseius pseudolongissilus or Amblyseius orientalis.
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| CN101268772B (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2012-03-21 | 北京依科曼生物技术有限公司 | Predatory mites producing method |
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