CN112586157A - Method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of rice field in cold and cool areas - Google Patents
Method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of rice field in cold and cool areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586157A CN112586157A CN202011474246.4A CN202011474246A CN112586157A CN 112586157 A CN112586157 A CN 112586157A CN 202011474246 A CN202011474246 A CN 202011474246A CN 112586157 A CN112586157 A CN 112586157A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of a rice field in a cold and cool area, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: before harvesting, the rice is not irrigated and is subjected to field drying management; after the rice is harvested, deep ploughing the rice straws to return the rice straws to the field; in the next year, when the deep ploughing soil is melted, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field; soaking the field in deep water after rotary tillage; and after the surface water naturally sinks to the seedling transplanting water level, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out without draining. According to the method, the time of vernalization and spring ploughing of the soil can be advanced by 10-15 days, the field drying time is prolonged, the natural sedimentation of the field surface water to the transplanting water level is facilitated, the drainage of the rice field is not needed, and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the rice field is reduced; meanwhile, the rice field transplanting period is prolonged, the use peak period of agricultural machinery is staggered, the use efficiency of the agricultural machinery is improved, the accumulated temperature of the rice in the growing period is improved, the tillering period of the rice is prolonged, and the rice yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring of a rice field in a cold area.
Background
The rice belongs to gramineae annual herbaceous plants, and is evolved and transformed from common wild rice under the combined action of long-term artificial selection and natural selection. As a herbaceous plant, the growth of rice needs certain conditions, such as illumination, temperature, humidity, nutrition and the like, the condition of ecological environment can directly influence the large-area planting of the rice in the north, and the temperature is one of the most important factors. By exploring the planting technology of northern rice, the agricultural technology of China can be connected with the agricultural technology of the world, and by comparison, a northern rice planting mode with distinct characteristics is explored.
At present, in the rice field in the cold and cool northern area, the temperature rises slowly during vernalization, the soil in the rice field is thawed slowly, and the rice field can be ploughed in spring and soaked in deep water generally in 4-5 months. As the final time of transplanting rice is from 5 months to 6 months, the busy farming season is very tense in the spring ploughing period, and the use efficiency of agricultural machinery is low. Meanwhile, the field soaking time is short, the field water level is high, the field surface water is not reduced to the shallow water rice transplanting standard (the water depth is about 5 cm), the water depth needs to be reduced through artificial drainage, nitrogen and phosphorus in the rice field are easily lost through drainage, the nutrient loss of the rice field is directly caused, the non-point source pollution of the rice field is caused, and the potential threat to the agricultural ecological environment is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, in order to solve the problem of nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by the fact that water needs to be drained to reduce the water level of the rice field in the northern cold region, the invention provides the method for controlling the nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the rice field in the early spring period of the cold region, the method can lead the soil vernalization and spring ploughing time to be advanced by 10-15 days, does not need the drainage of the rice field, reduces the nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the rice field, prolongs the tillering period of the rice and improves the yield of the rice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of a rice field in cold areas, which comprises the following steps: before harvesting, the rice is not irrigated and is subjected to field drying management; after the rice is harvested, deep ploughing the rice straws to return the rice straws to the field; in the next year, when the deep ploughing soil is melted, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field; soaking the field in deep water after rotary tillage; and after the surface water naturally sinks to the seedling transplanting water level, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out without draining.
Preferably, the irrigation of the rice is reduced and the rice is managed in a shallow wet state in the late stage of wax ripening, and the rice is harvested 15-20 days before harvesting.
Preferably, the stubble height when the rice is harvested is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the deep ploughing and returning depth of the rice straw is 15-25 cm.
Preferably, the air temperature in the daytime of the rotary tillage rice field is not lower than 10 ℃, and the deep ploughing soil melting degree is not lower than 80%.
Preferably, the rice base fertilizer is applied while the rice field is rotary ploughed.
Preferably, the irrigation water depth of the deepwater field soaking is 5-10 cm, and the field soaking time is 3-5 days.
Preferably, harrowing operation is carried out after the deep water field soaking, and then the field is sunned for warming.
Preferably, 450-750/hm of the fertilizer is spread on the water surface when the sun-raised field is heated2Humic acid (D).
Preferably, the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃ during the rice transplanting, and the water level of the rice transplanting is 3-5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is favorable for accelerating the soil thawing of the rice field by deep ploughing and returning the straws to the field before winter, so that the vernalization time of the soil is advanced by 10-15 days.
(2) The method of the invention advances spring cultivation for 10-15 days, prolongs the field drying time, is beneficial to naturally settling the field surface water to the transplanting water level, can transplant without draining water, avoids farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by draining water, and reduces the non-point source pollution load of the rice field by more than 20%.
(3) The method can promote rice transplanting for about 15 days in advance, prolong the rice field rice transplanting period, improve the accumulated temperature of the rice in the growing period, prolong the tillering period of the rice and improve the rice yield; meanwhile, the using peak period of the agricultural machinery is staggered, and the using efficiency of the agricultural machinery is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of a rice field in cold areas, which comprises the following steps: before harvesting, the rice is not irrigated and is subjected to field drying management; after the rice is harvested, deep ploughing the rice straws to return the rice straws to the field; in the next year, when the deep ploughing soil is melted, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field; soaking the field in deep water after rotary tillage; and after the surface water naturally sinks to the seedling transplanting water level, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out without draining. The cold area is an area with slow temperature rise and slow soil thawing during vernalization, and can be preferably a rice field planting area in Liaoning province.
In the invention, the irrigation of the rice is reduced and the rice is managed in a light wet state at the late stage of wax ripening, and the rice is preferably harvested 15-20 days before harvesting, and more preferably 16-19 days before harvesting. The later stage of the rice wax ripeness stage is a stage when rice grains turn yellow and can be harvested immediately, and in the stage, if the irrigation water amount is too much, the subsequent rice harvesting needs to be subjected to field drying management, so that the cultivation time of next-crop rice is prolonged, and the proper light-wet relation can not only promote the rice yield to be increased, but also enable the next-crop rice to be planted in advance.
In the invention, the stubble height when the rice is harvested is preferably 25-30 cm, and more preferably 24-28 cm. The rice harvesting time is in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and the rice harvesting can be performed in the spring ploughing of the rice field 10-15 days ahead, so that the rice planting is 15-20 days ahead. The appropriate stubble height in the invention can ensure that the straws are not easily blown away by strong wind in spring and autumn, and the returning efficiency is improved.
In the invention, the depth of the deep ploughing and returning of the rice straw is preferably 15-25 cm, and more preferably 14-20 cm. The straw floating phenomenon can be reduced by the set depth of returning the rice straws to the field, the rice transplanting is facilitated, meanwhile, the straw deeply buried can adsorb excessive moisture and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in soil, and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced.
In the invention, the air temperature in the daytime of the rotary tillage rice field is not lower than 10 ℃, and the deep ploughing soil melting degree is not lower than 80%. The time corresponding to the air temperature and the soil melting degree is generally 3 months and 20-30 days.
In the invention, the rice base fertilizer is applied while the rice field is rotary ploughed. The fertilizing amount of the rice base fertilizer is preferably 600-750 kg/hm2. The rice base fertilizer comprises a special fertilizer for rice or other common fertilizers, and the source of the fertilizer is not limited at all.
In the invention, the irrigation water depth of the deep water field soaking is preferably 5-10 cm, and the field soaking time is preferably 3-5 days. The irrigation in the invention can be diversion irrigation or pumped irrigation. The set field soaking depth and time are beneficial to naturally reducing the field surface water to the transplanting position, and the transplanting can be carried out without draining water in the rice field, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the rice field is reduced, and the non-point source pollution of the rice field is reduced.
In the invention, harrowing operation is carried out after the deep water field soaking, and then the field is sunned for warming; spreading humic acid on the water surface during temperature increase of the solar field, wherein the preferable dosage of the humic acid is 450-750 kg/hm2More preferably 500-700 kg/hm2. The harrowing operation mode is not particularly limited, and the harrowing operation mode can be realized according to the conventional harrowing operation mode. The application of the humic acid on the water surface can reduce the mirror reflection of the water surface, is beneficial to the solar heat absorption of the field water and the temperature rise, and has no special limitation on the source of the humic acid.
In the invention, the temperature during the rice transplanting is not lower than 10 ℃, and the water level of the rice transplanting is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 3-4 cm. The rice transplanting water level set by the invention can quickly alleviate the growth of seedling roots, absorb the nutrients in the rice field and promote the growth and development of rice.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The planting field is a dam wall Zhenjianjiacun in Panshan county of Liaoning province, the area belongs to a temperate semi-humid seasonal wind climate area, the average rainfall for many years is 650mm, the rainfall is mostly concentrated in 7-8 months, the frost-free period is 170d, and the soil is saline-alkali paddy soil.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) deep ploughing and returning straws to the field before winter: the rice is not irrigated and naturally sun-dried 20 days before harvest and 8 days after 10 months; harvesting rice in 28 days in 10 months, wherein the stubble height of the rice is 25 cm; after the harvester harvesters rice in 10 months and 30 days, plowing is carried out, the plowing depth is 15cm, and meanwhile, the rice straws are deeply buried in a soil layer for 15cm, so that the straws can adsorb excessive water and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in soil, and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced.
(2) Timely rotary tillage: spreading rice fertilizer 750kg/hm when the maximum temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in the day of about 3 months and 20 days in the next year, the surface soil melting degree of the land reaches more than 80% and the melting depth reaches 15cm2Preparing a base fertilizer; then carrying out rotary tillage operation with the rotary tillage depth of 15cm to uniformly crush the soil blocks on the surface layer; the step can reduce the total fertilization amount by 16.6 percent and control the pollution source of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(3) Field soaking and harrowing: after rotary tillage, water can be introduced for irrigation after water is supplied by an irrigation and drainage station, and the depth of the irrigation soaking water is 10 cm; harrowing operation is carried out 5 days after field soaking; the step can reduce the discharge of the paddy field water and reduce the occurrence of non-point source pollution.
(4) Sun drying and warming: after harrowing, spraying 450kg/hm of humic acid on the water surface2The step can reduce the mirror reflection of the water surface, and is beneficial to the absorption of the solar heat by the earth surface.
(5) Transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water: when the water depth of the field surface is reduced to 3cm, the lowest temperature of the local climate is higher than 10 ℃, then the rice transplanting operation can be carried out, and then the field management is normally carried out; the step can be beneficial to the rapid seedling revival of the rice and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers around the rhizosphere.
Example 2
The planting field is a Hutai Zhenhua niuzu Baozi village in New Min of Liaoning, the area is in a drainage basin of Liaohe, the area belongs to a monsoon continental climate in a middle-temperature zone sub-humid area, the average rainfall for many years is about 600mm, the rainfall is mainly concentrated in 7-8 months, the frost-free period is about 160d, the irrigation and drainage ditch is complete, and the soil is paddy soil.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) deep ploughing and returning straws to the field before winter: the rice is not irrigated any more and is naturally sunned 15 days before being harvested and 28 days after 9 months; when the rice is harvested in 10 months and 12 days, the stubble height of the rice is 30 cm; after the harvester harvesters rice in 10 months and 25 days harvesters, ploughing the rice to the depth of 20cm, and meanwhile, burying the rice straws in the soil layer at the position of 20cm deeply, so that the straws can adsorb excessive water and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the soil, and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(2) Timely rotary tillage: spreading the special fertilizer 600kg/hm when the maximum temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in the day of about 3 months and 25 days in the next year, the surface soil melting degree of the land reaches more than 80 percent and the melting depth reaches 15cm2Preparing a base fertilizer; then carrying out rotary tillage operation with the rotary tillage depth of 15cm to uniformly crush the soil blocks on the surface layer; the step can reduce the total fertilization amount by 15 percent and control the pollution source of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(3) Field soaking and harrowing: after rotary tillage, water can be pumped for irrigation in the early 5 months, and the depth of the irrigation field soaking water is 8 cm; harrowing operation is carried out 5 days after field soaking; the step can reduce the discharge of the water in the paddy field and reduce the non-point source pollution.
(4) Sun drying and warming: after harrowing, spreading humic acid 600kg/hm on water2The step can reduce the mirror reflection of the water surface, and is beneficial to the absorption of the solar heat by the earth surface.
(5) Transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water: when the water depth of the field surface is reduced to 3cm, the lowest temperature of the local climate is higher than 10 ℃, then the rice transplanting operation can be carried out, and then the field management is normally carried out; the step can be beneficial to the rapid seedling revival of the rice and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers around the rhizosphere.
Example 3
The planting field is three villages in western town of new Taizi of iron Ling, Liaoning province, the area is in the river basin of Liaohe, belongs to the monsoon continental climate of a sub-humid area in a middle temperature zone, the average precipitation for many years is about 650mm, the precipitation is concentrated in 7-8 months, the frost-free period is about 150d, and the planting field is a complete irrigation and drainage ditch, and the soil is paddy soil.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) deep ploughing and returning straws to the field before winter: the rice is not irrigated and is naturally exposed to the sun 18 days before harvest and 25 days after 9 months; harvesting rice in 10 months and 15 days, wherein the stubble height of the rice is 25 cm; after the harvester harvesters rice in 10 months and 25 days harvesters, ploughing the rice to the depth of 25cm, and meanwhile, burying the rice straws in the soil layer at the position of 25cm deeply, so that the straws can adsorb excessive water and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the soil, and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(2) Timely rotary tillage: spreading special rice fertilizer 675kg/hm when the maximum temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in the day of about 3 months and 30 days in the next year, the surface soil melting degree of the land reaches more than 80 percent and the melting depth reaches 15cm2Preparing a base fertilizer; then carrying out rotary tillage operation with the rotary tillage depth of 15cm to uniformly crush the soil blocks on the surface layer; the step can reduce the total fertilization amount by 15 percent and control the pollution source of nitrogen and phosphorus.
(3) And (5) steeping and harrowing. After rotary tillage, water can be pumped and irrigated in the middle ten days of 5 months, and the depth of the irrigated field soaking water is 5 cm; harrowing operation is carried out 3 days after field soaking; the step can reduce the discharge of the water in the paddy field and reduce the non-point source pollution.
(4) Sun drying and warming: after harrowing, 750kg/hm of humic acid is spread on the water surface2The step can reduce the mirror reflection of the water surface, and is beneficial to the absorption of the solar heat by the earth surface.
(5) Transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water: when the water depth of the field surface is reduced to 3cm, the lowest temperature of the local climate is higher than 10 ℃, then the rice transplanting operation can be carried out, and then the field management is normally carried out; the step can be beneficial to the rapid seedling revival of the rice and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers around the rhizosphere.
Comparative example 1
The planting field is the same as that of the example 1.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting rice: directly draining water before harvesting rice, harvesting the rice in the middle 10 months, keeping the stubble height of the rice to be 10cm, returning the rice to the field without turning over the straws, and scattering the straws on the two sides of the farmland ditches and the operation channels.
(2) Rotary tillage operation: after fertilizer is directly spread in 5 months and 1 day of the next year, carrying out rotary tillage operation before water comes, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm; the fertilizer is easy to run off.
(3) Field soaking and harrowing: irrigating the soaked field after rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the water for soaking the field is 15cm, and discharging the water for soaking the field 7 days later; the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is serious.
(4) And (3) conventional field sunning: after harrowing, performing conventional field drying; the water temperature rises slowly, which is not favorable for early rice transplanting.
(5) Deep water rice transplanting: when the surface water depth is 8cm, starting transplanting operation; the deep water is not beneficial to the seedling revival of the rice and influences the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
Comparative example 2
The planting field is the same as the example 2.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting rice: directly draining water before harvesting rice, harvesting the rice in the middle 10 months, keeping the stubble height of the rice to be 15cm, returning the rice to the field without turning over the straws, and scattering the straws on the two sides of the farmland ditches and the operation channels.
(2) Rotary tillage operation: after fertilizer is directly spread in 5 months and 5 days in the next year, carrying out rotary tillage operation before water comes, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm; the fertilizer is easy to run off.
(3) Field soaking and harrowing: irrigating the soaked field after rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the water for soaking the field is 20cm, and discharging the water for soaking the field 7 days later; the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is serious.
(4) And (3) conventional field sunning: after harrowing, performing conventional field drying; the water temperature rises slowly, which is not favorable for early rice transplanting.
(5) Deep water rice transplanting: when the depth of the surface water of the field is 10cm, starting the transplanting operation; the deep water is not beneficial to the seedling revival of the rice and influences the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
Comparative example 3
The planting field is the same as the example 3.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting rice: directly draining water before harvesting rice, harvesting the rice in the last 10 th month, keeping the stubble height of the rice to be 15cm, returning the rice to the field without turning over the straws, and scattering the straws on the two sides of the farmland ditches and the operation channels.
(2) Rotary tillage operation: after fertilizer is directly spread in 5 months and 10 days in the next year, carrying out rotary tillage operation before water comes, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 12 cm; the fertilizer is easy to run off.
(3) Field soaking and harrowing: irrigating the soaked field after rotary tillage, wherein the depth of the water for soaking the field is 15cm, and discharging the water for soaking the field 7 days later; loss of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
(4) And (3) conventional field sunning: after harrowing, performing conventional field drying; the water temperature rises slowly, which is not favorable for early rice transplanting.
(5) Deep water rice transplanting: the depth of the water on the surface of the field is 8cm, and the rice transplanting operation is started by contrast; the deep water is not beneficial to the seedling revival of the rice and influences the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
The final nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the rice yield of the planting methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 are counted, and the results are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus loss and rice yield in the present invention and prior art planting methods
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, in the area of Liaoning province, Panjin county, the planting method in example 1 has the effect of reducing the total nitrogen and phosphorus emission by 4.22kg/hm compared with the method in comparative example 12According to the calculation of 10.6 million hectares of the rice planting area in Dianjian county, the loss of 447 tons of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (pure) can be reduced, and the occurrence of non-point source pollution of the rice field is greatly reduced; as can be seen from the results of the measurement of the average yield of rice in three years in the area of lujin county, the average yield of rice in example 1 is increased by 5.34% as compared with that in comparative document 1.
In the area of New people of Liaoning province, compared with the method of comparative example 2, the planting method of example 2 reduces the emission of the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus to 2.24kg/hm2The loss of 90 tons of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (pure) can be reduced by calculating according to 4 ten thousand hectares of rice planting area in the new citizen, and the occurrence of non-point source pollution of the rice field is greatly reduced; as can be seen from the results of the measurement of the average yield of rice for three years in the region of new people, the average yield of rice in example 2 is increased by 2.03% as compared with that in comparative document 2.
In the area of Feiling city, Liaoning province, the planting method in example 3 has the total nitrogen and phosphorus emission reduction amount of 2.07kg/hm compared with the method in comparative example 32The loss of 124 tons of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (pure) can be reduced by calculating according to 6 ten thousand hectares of rice planting area in the city of iron mountain, and the occurrence of non-point source pollution of the rice field is greatly reduced; as can be seen from the results of the three-year rice average yield measurement in the region of TieLing City, example 3 showed an increase in rice average yield as compared with comparative document 31.97％。
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in early spring period of rice field in cold and cool areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: before harvesting, the rice is not irrigated and is subjected to field drying management; after the rice is harvested, deep ploughing the rice straws to return the rice straws to the field; in the next year, when the deep ploughing soil is melted, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field; soaking the field in deep water after rotary tillage; and after the surface water naturally sinks to the seedling transplanting water level, the seedling transplanting operation is carried out without draining.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rice is subjected to reduced irrigation and light moisture management in the late stage of wax ripening, and the rice is harvested 15 to 20 days before harvesting.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stubble height at the time of harvesting the rice is 25-30 cm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep ploughing and returning of the straw is carried out at a depth of 15-25 cm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air temperature of the rice field during the day of rotary tillage is not less than 10 ℃ and the deep ploughing soil melting degree is not less than 80%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said rotary tillage of the rice field is performed simultaneously with the application of a rice base fertilizer.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation water depth of the deepwater bubbling field is 5-10 cm, and the bubbling time is 3-5 days.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the deep water steeping is followed by raking and then sunning for warming.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein 450-750/hm of the sun-cured product is spread on the water surface during the warming of the sun-cured product2Humic acid (D).
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃ during the transplanting, and the water level of the transplanting is 3-5 cm.
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