CN112568050A - Management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANG pomelos - Google Patents
Management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANG pomelos Download PDFInfo
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- CN112568050A CN112568050A CN202011630852.0A CN202011630852A CN112568050A CN 112568050 A CN112568050 A CN 112568050A CN 202011630852 A CN202011630852 A CN 202011630852A CN 112568050 A CN112568050 A CN 112568050A
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- fertilizer
- fruit
- management method
- calcium superphosphate
- reflective film
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000276331 Citrus maxima Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000001759 Citrus maxima Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000000759 Lepidium meyenii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000421 Lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012902 lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000000513 Santalum album Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a management method for reducing the fruit cracking rate of a pomelo with a small size, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The method is a comprehensive management method combining the covering of a reflective film and scientific fertilization to increase the yield of the pomelos and reduce the fruit cracking rate of fruits, has strong operability, can be applied and popularized in a large area, and has important significance on the industrial development of the pomelos.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, relates to a planting management technology of a pomelo with a length of shin pomelo, and particularly relates to a management method for reducing the fruit cracking rate of the pomelo with the length of shin pomelo.
Background
The Xiaochandan pomelo is a characteristic traditional famous fruit in Putian city, originally produced in Fujian province, Putian city, Xianyou county, Weizhen town. The fruit quality is good, the smell is fragrant, the meat is tender and pure, the sweetness and the sourness are moderate, the fruit has no seeds and few seeds, the fragrance and the taste are tasty and refreshing, the flavor is unique, but the serious fruit cracking problem exists, the fruit cracking rate in general year is 30-40%, and the fruit cracking rate in some years is even more than 70%, so that the great economic loss of fruit growers is caused, and the development of the Korea shaddock industry is also severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a management method for reducing the fruit cracking rate of a high-yield pomelo.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANDANHUANG pomelo comprises applying 40kg of decomposed (chicken and duck) manure, 5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of urea, 2.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg of plant ash, 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax to a WEIWEISHANDANHUANG pomelo plant with fruit bearing amount of 150kg annually, and covering a reflective film under the tree crown (applying fertilizers with other fruit bearing amounts according to the proportion according to the size of the tree crown and the fruit bearing amount).
The fertilizer is applied for three times every year, and the specific application method comprises the following steps:
for the first time, applying a germination fertilizer in late 2 months every year, wherein N, P fertilizers are used as main fertilizers, namely 1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizers, 1kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.1kg of borax, and the fertilizer consumption accounts for 25% of the annual fertilization amount;
secondly, applying fruit protection fertilizer in 5 middle ten days of the year, wherein N, P, K is matched with organic fertilizer as a main material and is combined with external top dressing, namely 1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 2kg of plant ash, and the fertilizer consumption accounts for 30 percent of the annual fertilizing amount in combination with external top dressing;
thirdly, after fruits are picked every year, organic fertilizers are used as main materials, and plant ash, calcium superphosphate and magnesium sulfate fertilizers are applied in a combined mode, namely 40kg of decomposed (chicken and duck) manure, 2kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizers, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 3kg of plant ash and 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate, wherein the fertilizer consumption accounts for 45% of the annual fertilization amount.
The reflective film is a silvery white polyethylene coating film or a polyester aluminum foil, and needs to be paved when soil is wet, such as after rain or soil irrigation. When in covering, the reflective film is fixed by stone heads, residues of the objects are removed in time during the covering, and if typhoon is encountered, the objects are required to be arranged and recovered in time after the typhoon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) according to the invention, by combining a management technology of paving a reflective film and scientific fertilization, on one hand, natural illumination of the grapefruit chandan is increased by paving the reflective film to improve photosynthesis, and soil humidity is kept to prevent soil drought, so that normal absorption and growth of a root system are promoted; on the other hand, according to the growth characteristics of the Lepidium meyenii, scientific fertilization is carried out by combining the soil nutrition condition, the crown size and the fruit bearing condition, so that the fruit cracking rate of the Lepidium meyenii is reduced, and the fruit yield and quality are improved.
(2) The method is scientific and reasonable, simple and practical, easy to operate, free of environmental pollution, obvious in effect, capable of being applied and popularized in a large area and significant in industrial development of the WEIWEI shaddock.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
The management operation process is implemented for the orchard as follows:
1) from the beginning of 6 months to fruit harvest, paving a reflective film under the crown of a WEIWEISHANDAN pomelo plant; the reflective film is a silvery white reflective film and is a polyethylene coating film or a polyester aluminum foil material;
2) pruning dense branches, spindly branches, insect-infected branches, dead branches and cross branches in the crown of the WEIWENDANDAN pomelo before covering; the branches influencing the transmittance are fixed by a branch pulling method, so that more light rays can irradiate the reflective film, the light transmittance is increased, and meanwhile, the downward branches of the crown are shortened and retracted, so that the distance between the crown and the ground is kept above 0.5 m;
3) weeds under the crown of the Wei-Wen pomelo trees are cleaned before the covering, the furrows are leveled according to the planting row direction of the Wei-Wen pomelo trees, the planting rows are leveled into ridge surfaces with high inside and low outside (height difference of 10 cm), and the reflection effect of a reflective film, which is influenced by water accumulation on the ridge surfaces, is prevented;
4) when the reflective film is laid, the soil is kept moist (if the soil is dry, appropriate irrigation is needed), then the reflective film is laid on the surface of the furrow along the planting row direction at a position 20cm away from the trunk, the reflective film is fixed, the reflective film is kept clean and tidy during the period, the reinforcement of the reflective film is needed to be paid attention to temporarily when typhoon comes, and the reflective film blown by wind is needed to be rearranged;
5) fertilizing, taking 150kg of fruiting amount of WEIWEISHANDANHUANGYOU (pomelo), applying 40kg of decomposed (chicken and duck) manure, 5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer (N-P-K = 16-16-16), 1.5kg of urea, 2.5kg of calcium superphosphate fertilizer, 5kg of plant ash, 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax every plant year; the fertilizer is applied for three times every year, and for the first time, the germination fertilizer is applied in the last 2 months of each year, N, P fertilizers are taken as the main fertilizers, namely 1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 1kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.1kg of borax, and the fertilizer consumption accounts for 25 percent of the annual fertilization amount; secondly, applying fruit protection fertilizer in 5 middle ten days of the year, wherein N, P, K is matched with organic fertilizer as a main material and is combined with external top dressing, namely 1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 2kg of plant ash, and the fertilizer consumption accounts for 30 percent of the annual fertilizing amount in combination with external top dressing; thirdly, after fruits are picked every year, organic fertilizers are mainly used, and plant ash, calcium superphosphate and magnesium sulfate fertilizers are applied in combination, namely 40kg of rotten chicken and duck manure, 2kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizers, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 3kg of plant ash and 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate, wherein the fertilizer consumption accounts for 45% of the annual fertilization amount (fertilization of other fruiting trees refers to the proportion fertilization according to the tree crowns and fruiting amount).
Application examples
The test was carried out on the variety of WEIWEISHANDANG pomelos planted in the fruit farm of WEIWEIXIANXI fruit professional Cooperation society in Xianhui province, Xianhui province. The row spacing of the plants is 5.6m multiplied by 5.27m, and the tree age is 12 years. The test area in 2018 is 3 mu (2 mu of the reflective film is paved and managed according to the embodiment method, and the control area of 1 mu of the reflective film is not paved and managed according to the tradition). And in 2019, 10 and 14 days, carrying out on-site random sampling by related experts, and determining technical indexes such as average single fruit weight, edible rate, soluble solid content, fruit cracking rate, per mu yield and the like of the grapefruit plants with the degrees of the grapefruit. The test result shows that the average single fruit weight of the treated group-size shaddock is 812.5g, the number of first-class fruits (not less than 0.9 kg) accounts for 28.7%, the number of second-class fruits (0.75-09 kg) accounts for 41.6%, the content of soluble solids is 11.3%, the fruit cracking rate is 8.6%, and the average yield per mu is 3783.7 kg; the average single fruit weight of the control group of the pomelos is 723.6g, the number of first-stage fruits (not less than 0.9 kg) accounts for 13.4%, the number of second-stage fruits (0.75-09 kg) accounts for 21.2%, the content of soluble solid matters is 10.5%, the fruit cracking rate is 11.8%, and the average yield per mu is 3500.8 kg.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A management method for reducing the fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANG pomelos is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to a typical example, 40kg of manure of rotten chicken and duck, 5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of urea, 2.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg of plant ash, 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax are applied to the shaddock plants with the fruit bearing amount of 150kg, and a reflective film is laid under the crowns.
2. The management method of reduced-degree grapefruit dehiscence rate of claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer is applied for three times every year, and the specific application method comprises the following steps:
for the first time, applying germination fertilizers in the last ten days of 2 months every year, namely 1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizers, 1kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.1kg of borax, wherein the fertilizer consumption accounts for 25 percent of the annual fertilization amount;
applying the fruit protection fertilizer in 5 months in the second time,namely, it is1.5kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 2kg of plant ash, and the fertilizer is combined with topdressing outside roots, and the fertilizer dosage accounts for 30 percent of the annual fertilizer application amount；
And thirdly, applying 40kg of manure of rotten and cooked chicken and duck, 2kg of 16-16-16 compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 3kg of plant ash and 0.3kg of magnesium sulfate after fruit picking every year, wherein the fertilizer consumption accounts for 45 percent of the annual fertilizer application amount.
3. The management method of reduced-degree grapefruit dehiscence rate of claim 1, characterized in that: the reflective film is a silvery white polyethylene coating film or a polyester aluminum foil, and needs to be paved when soil is wet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011630852.0A CN112568050A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANG pomelos |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011630852.0A CN112568050A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of WEIWEISHANG pomelos |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365433A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-25 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | Method for improving quality and yield of red heart pomelo |
| CN106577127A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 岑巩县汉稷果业有限公司 | Method for controlling fruit cracking of pomelo through sequential management |
| CN110754279A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-07 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for preventing pomelo cracking |
-
2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202011630852.0A patent/CN112568050A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365433A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-25 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | Method for improving quality and yield of red heart pomelo |
| CN106577127A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 岑巩县汉稷果业有限公司 | Method for controlling fruit cracking of pomelo through sequential management |
| CN110754279A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-07 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for preventing pomelo cracking |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 俞立达等: "《橘柑橙柚施肥技术》", vol. 1, 金盾出版社, pages: 157 - 158 * |
| 彭建平;郑玉亮;李伟明;陈文山;: "不同肥水处理对度尾文旦柚裂果及产量品质的影响", no. 11, pages 1074 - 1078 * |
| 王义林;黄其高;朱博;: "果实裂果成因与防治方法", no. 08, pages 17 - 20 * |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |