CN112544357A - Selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape - Google Patents
Selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and provides a high-yield cultivation method for selenium-rich sparse planting of rape, which comprises the steps of selecting excellent varieties, cultivating up-to-standard strong seedlings, preparing sufficient and rooting-pressing fertilizers, timely normalizing transplanting and field management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape.
Background
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human bodies and participates in synthesizing various selenium-containing enzymes and selenium-containing proteins in the human bodies, wherein glutathione peroxidase catalyzes hydroperoxides or lipid peroxides to be converted into water or various alcohols in organisms, eliminates the attack of free radicals to biological membranes and protects the biological membranes from oxidative damage. Selenium can improve human immunity, promote proliferation of lymphocyte and synthesis of antibody and immunoglobulin. Selenium has obvious inhibiting and protecting effects on colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, and an intermediate metabolite methyl enol in a body has strong anticancer activity. Selenium and vitamin E, allicin, linoleic acid, germanium, zinc and other nutrients have synergistic antioxidant effect and increased antioxidant activity.
Selenium-enriched foods are foods rich in trace element selenium and are generally classified into ground source selenium-enriched foods and exogenous selenium-enriched foods. Selenium-rich vegetables are vegetables which are called selenium-rich vegetables, wherein selenium is organically introduced into plants in the natural growth stage of the plants through a biotransformation method, so that the vegetables with high organic selenium content are produced.
The rape is the prop industry of agricultural development in winter, the production period of the rape is in a slack winter, the air temperature is low, the labor intensity is not high, the planting is convenient, and the economic income of the rape planted in one season is higher than the income of the early rice planted in one season. Meanwhile, the effect of planting the rape on improving the soil fertility is obvious.
How to put forward a selenium-rich sparse planting high-yield cultivation method for rape is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape, and aims to solve the technical problem.
The invention is realized in this way, a high-yield cultivation method for selenium-rich thin planting of rape, which comprises the following steps:
selecting rape varieties with low erucic acid, low glucosinolate, large oil content, high oil yield, good color and good taste;
preparing a rape seedbed for transplanting by 80 square meters per mu of field, broadcasting 1.5-2 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer per mu of field, and deeply fertilizing and soil preparation;
sowing in 28-9-8 days of 8 months, using 30 g of seeds in each mu of transplanted field, uniformly sowing in a sparse way, and broadcasting pig manure water to cover the soil ash after sowing until no seeds are exposed;
keeping a seedbed moist, preventing and treating aphids, cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles and ape leafworms, preventing and treating damping-off in rainy days, removing weeds, uniformly keeping 40-60 seedlings per square meter, and uniformly spraying a mixed solution of paclobutrazol, a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, a plant promoter and an insecticide when the rape seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves and no water drops exist on leaf surfaces;
preparing 200 kg of fire soil ash, 8 kg of selenium-enriched biological organic compound fertilizer, 3 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of boron fertilizer in each mu of field, mixing the mixture with 150 kg to 200 kg of human and animal fertilizers, uniformly stirring the mixture into a pile, retting the pile, and covering agricultural films or straws 25 to 30 days before rape transplantation or during seedling culture;
transplanting is started in the middle ten days of October, transplanting is finished at the bottom of October, transplanting is carried out according to 2000 plants per mu, the plant-row spacing is 50 cm multiplied by 65 cm, or transplanting is carried out according to 3000 plants per mu, the plant-row spacing is 45 cm multiplied by 50 cm;
digging a small hole when transplanting the field, adopting a hole, namely a strong seedling with soil, pressing the soil into a bag, and watering root fixing water once in sunny days;
applying pressure and fertilizer bags 200 g to each plant 3-5 days after thin planting and transplanting, applying urea 5-7 kg to each mu 5-7 days after transplanting, and applying the urea at a spot in rainy days, or adding human and livestock fertilizers and applying the urea at a spot away from the root of the rape seedling;
intertilling and weeding once 8-12 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, clearing ditches and draining water, and preventing waterlogging when raining continuously;
fertilizing strong moss fertilizer according to the leaf color of the seedling in 18-12-25 days in 12 months, and not topdressing 1 day after 1 month in the next year;
when the height of rape seedlings is 35-40 cm and flower buds appear, and the beginning flowering period and the leaf surfaces of rape have no water drops in 3 months of the next year, spraying a mixed solution of grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, a plant strengthening agent and ethylicin or benzalkonium chloride on each mu of field, spraying twice, and spraying once again in the middle ten days of 4 months;
harvesting when the rape pod is sickled in the yellow ripe period, piling the rapes on the ground, enabling the rape pods to be outward, enabling plant stems to be inward, covering thick mulching films on the tops of the piles, storing for 4-5 days, turning over and drying in the sun to thresh in sunny days, and storing after drying in the sun.
Furthermore, the rape variety is selected from one of Hunan miscellaneous oil 753, Hunan miscellaneous oil 763, Hunan miscellaneous oil 63I, Jinxiang No. 9, Zhongzhongza No. 16, super-hybrid sunshine 2009 and Zhongshui No. 11.
Furthermore, the mixed solution of the paclobutrazol, the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer, the plant promoter and the pesticide consists of 15 kg of water, 10 g of 15% paclobutrazol, 40 g of the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant promoter and a proper amount of the pesticide.
Further, the strong moss fertilizing according to the leaf color of the seedlings comprises the following steps:
for seedlings with dark green leaves, 7.5-10 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied per mu;
for seedlings with green and yellow leaf colors and mainly green, 12.5 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied per mu;
15 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied to seedlings which are yellow in leaf color and green and mainly yellow in each mu.
Furthermore, the mixed solution of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the plant strengthening promoter and the ethylicin consists of 15 kg of water, 60 g of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant promoter and 20 ml of the ethylicin.
Furthermore, the mixed solution of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the plant strengthening agent and the benzamidine prochloraz consists of 15 kg of water, 60 g of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant promoter and 10 g of the benzamidine prochloraz.
The selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for the rapes, provided by the invention, can ensure that the rape seats are low (10-12 cm open), the number of branches is large (15-20), the maximum number is 37, the number of secondary branches is more than 60, the branch positions of a main shaft are short (6-10 cm), the total number of branches is hundreds, the number of siliques is large (3000-4000), the maximum number can reach 7893, the general yield per mu is 150-200 kg, the maximum yield per mu exceeds 250 kg, the yield per mu is 15-20 kg, and the yield per 50 kg of dry rape seeds is 2.5-3 kg.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape, which comprises the following steps of:
1. selecting good varieties
Selecting low erucic acid, low glucosinolate, large oil content, high oil yield, good color and good taste such as Xiang miscellaneous oil 753, Xiang miscellaneous oil 763, Xiang miscellaneous oil 63I, Jinxiang oil No. 9, Zhongza No. 16, super hybrid sunshine 2009, Zhongshuang No. 11, etc.
2. Cultivating up-to-standard strong seedlings
2.1 stock bed
Transplanting 80 square meters of rape sufficient seedbed in each mu of field, broadcasting 1.5-2 kilograms of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer, and deeply preparing soil.
2.2 sowing in good time
Sowing the seeds in 28-9-8 days in 8 months, using 30 g of seeds in each mu of transplanted field, insisting on the uniform sowing of the seeds, and broadcasting pig manure water to cover the fire soil ash after the sowing until the seeds are not exposed.
2.3 seedbed management
First, the seeds are germinated after the sowing, and the seedbed is kept wet to safely emerge.
Secondly, the pesticide can prevent and treat aphids, cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles and ape leafworms, and prevent and treat damping-off in rainy days.
And thirdly, removing weeds, grabbing thinning seedlings and keeping seedlings, and keeping 40-60, preferably 50, sufficient seedlings uniformly per square meter.
And fourthly, supplementing selenium and controlling seedlings, and when the rape seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, uniformly spraying a mixed solution consisting of 15 kg of water, 10 g of 15% paclobutrazol, 40 g of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of plant strengthening promoter and a proper amount of insecticide, wherein the paclobutrazol is used for preventing high-foot seedlings, the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is used for supplementing selenium elements, the plant strengthening promoter is added for promoting photosynthesis, and the proper amount of insecticide can be added if insects exist on the leaf surfaces. The application method comprises the following steps: the paclobutrazol fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on cloudy days or sunny days when no water drops exist on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying heads are scanned downwards for spraying, so that the repetition is avoided, and the ultra-dwarfing side effect of the paclobutrazol is prevented.
3. Foot-preparation stump-pressing fertilizer
200 kg of sufficient fire soil ash, 8 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer, 3 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of boron fertilizer are mixed with 3-4 loads of human and animal fertilizers (50 kg of each load) in each mu of thin rape field (land), the mixture is comprehensively stirred uniformly to form a pile, and agricultural films or straws are covered on the pile. The bag pressing fertilizer is synchronously carried out 25 to 30 days before the rape is transplanted or during the seedling culture.
4. Timely and standard transplanting
The transplanting of the thin rape plants is determined according to the terrain and different future crops. The crops such as cotton, corn, sesame, sweet potato, peanut, bean and melon in the dry land are harvested, the weeds are removed as early as possible, the compartment ditches are dredged, and the crops are sparsely planted and transplanted according to the terrain. The middle-season rice field in one season is harvested by adopting low pile belt crushing, is mechanically ploughed and divided into compartments according to the field water draining condition, the standard compartment surface is 1.2-1.5 meters, and compartment ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches are timely opened to ensure the matching of the three ditches, so that the rain-stopping field is dry and does not waterlogging.
4.1 transplanting period
Transplanting is started in the middle ten days of October, and transplanting is basically finished at the bottom of October.
4.2 transplanting Density
Transplanting according to 2000 plants per mu, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 50 cm multiplied by 65 cm. If 3000 plants are transplanted per mu, the row spacing of the plants is 45 cm multiplied by 50 cm.
4.3 transplanting method
When the field is transplanted, a small hole is dug, so that one hole can be used for strengthening seedlings with soil, one hole is used for pressing the soil and one time of root fixing water is poured in a sunny day.
5. Field management
5.1 topdressing and raising seedlings
And 3-5 days after the thin planting and transplanting, sufficient fertilizer is applied to each plant for pressing a bag for 200 g, and 5-7 days after the transplanting, 5-7 kg of urea is applied to each mu.
The fertilizer is applied in a spot manner in rainy days or is mixed with human and animal fertilizers and splashed, and the roots of rape seedlings cannot be approached during urea spot application, so that the seedlings with leaves injured by burning roots are prevented from dying.
5.2 intertillage weeding
Cultivating and weeding once 8-12 days after transplanting, preferably 10 days, and is suitable for early and not late.
And 5.3, the prevention and treatment of aphids and cabbage caterpillars are well grabbed.
5.4, cleaning the ditch and draining water, and preventing waterlogging when the rainy season is continuous in spring and the rain is not clear for a long time.
5.5 skillfully applied wax fertilizer
Before and after winter solstice (18 days in 12 months to 25 days in 12 months), strong moss fertilizer is applied according to the appearance and the leaf color of seedlings, the leaves are dark green, and 7.5 kg to 10 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer is applied in each mu.
The second kind of seedlings have green and yellow leaves, mainly green, and 12.5 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied per mu.
The three seedlings are yellow and green, yellow is taken as the main seedling, 15 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied per mu.
After the first month and one day of the next year, no matter the rape is good or bad, additional fertilization is forbidden, and the phenomenon that the rape is reversely bloomed in the later period to cause yield reduction is prevented.
5.6 scientific selenium supplement
Mainly, the pesticide is sprayed twice, and the first time is in the moss stage (before and after winter solstice, the height of rape seedlings is 35-40 cm, and buds appear).
The second time in 3 months of the next year, the flowering phase begins.
And (2) spraying a mixed solution consisting of 15 kg of water, 60 g of grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of plant strengthening agent and 20 ml of ethylicin, or spraying a mixed solution consisting of 15 kg of water, 60 g of grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of plant strengthening agent and 10 g of benzalkonium chloride, wherein the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is used for supplementing selenium element, the plant strengthening agent is used for increasing the thickness of leaves, promoting photosynthesis, safely overwintering, increasing the first-stage branches and the second-stage branches and shortening the branch spacing distance.
The two-time spraying fertilizer and pesticide should be selected in cloudy days or sunny days, the leaf surfaces of the rape leaves have no water drops, and the fertilizer and the pesticide are uniformly sprayed when no strong wind exists, and enough pesticide liquid must be sprayed twice in each mu of field.
In order to improve the selenium content or when the sclerotinia sclerotiorum is serious, the effect is better by spraying the selenium-rich fertilizer once by using an unmanned aerial vehicle in the middle of 4 months.
5.7 timely harvest
The rape is harvested too early, the yield and the oil yield are influenced, a large amount of threshing is caused, the income is reduced, the rape is sickled in the yellow ripe stage of the silique in the optimal period of the rape harvesting, the harvested rape is preferably piled on the ground in small-area planting, the after ripening is promoted, and the purposes of increasing the yield and the income are achieved.
When the rape is piled up, the rape pod is outward, the plant stem is inward, a thick mulching film is covered on the top of the pile, the rape pod is stored for 4 to 5 days, the rape pod is aired and threshed in sunny days, and then the rape pod is dried and stored.
By adopting the selenium-rich sparse planting high-yield cultivation method for the rapes, provided by the embodiment of the invention, 15-20 kg of rapes can be produced per mu, and 2.5-3 kg of oil can be produced per 50 kg of dry rape seeds.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for the rapes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting rape varieties with low erucic acid, low glucosinolate, large oil content, high oil yield, good color and good taste;
preparing a rape seedbed for transplanting by 80 square meters per mu of field, broadcasting 1.5-2 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer per mu of field, and deeply fertilizing and soil preparation;
sowing in 28-9-8 days of 8 months, using 30 g of seeds in each mu of transplanted field, uniformly sowing in a sparse way, and broadcasting pig manure water to cover the soil ash after sowing until no seeds are exposed;
keeping a seedbed moist, preventing and treating aphids, cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles and ape leafworms, preventing and treating damping-off in rainy days, removing weeds, uniformly keeping 40-60 seedlings per square meter, and uniformly spraying a mixed solution of paclobutrazol, a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, a plant strengthening promoter and an insecticide when the rape seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves and no water drops exist on leaf surfaces;
preparing 200 kg of fire soil ash, 8 kg of selenium-enriched biological organic compound fertilizer, 3 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of boron fertilizer in each mu of field, mixing the mixture with 150 kg to 200 kg of human and animal fertilizers, uniformly stirring the mixture into a pile, retting the pile, and covering agricultural films or straws 25 to 30 days before rape transplantation or during seedling culture;
transplanting is started in the middle ten days of October, transplanting is finished at the bottom of October, transplanting is carried out according to 2000 plants per mu, the plant-row spacing is 50 cm multiplied by 65 cm, or transplanting is carried out according to 3000 plants per mu, the plant-row spacing is 45 cm multiplied by 50 cm;
digging a small hole when transplanting the field, adopting a hole, namely a strong seedling with soil, pressing the soil into a bag, and watering root fixing water once in sunny days;
applying pressure and fertilizer bags 200 g to each plant 3-5 days after thin planting and transplanting, applying urea 5-7 kg to each mu 5-7 days after transplanting, and applying the urea at a spot in rainy days, or adding human and livestock fertilizers and applying the urea at a spot away from the root of the rape seedling;
intertilling and weeding once 8-12 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, clearing ditches and draining water, and preventing waterlogging when raining continuously;
fertilizing strong moss fertilizer according to the leaf color of the seedling in 18-12-25 days in 12 months, and not topdressing 1 day after 1 month in the next year;
when the height of rape seedlings is 35-40 cm and flower buds appear, and the beginning flowering period and the leaf surfaces of rape have no water drops in 3 months of the next year, spraying a mixed solution of grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, a plant strengthening agent and ethylicin or benzalkonium chloride on each mu of field, spraying twice, and spraying once again in the middle ten days of 4 months;
harvesting when the rape pod is sickled in the yellow ripe period, piling the rapes on the ground, enabling the rape pods to be outward, enabling plant stems to be inward, covering thick mulching films on the tops of the piles, storing for 4-5 days, turning over and drying in the sun to thresh in sunny days, and storing after drying in the sun.
2. The selenium-rich sparse planting high-yield cultivation method of rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rape variety is selected from one of Hunan miscellaneous oil 753, Hunan miscellaneous oil 763, Hunan miscellaneous oil 63I, Jinxiang No. 9, Zhongzhongza No. 16, super hybrid sunshine 2009 and Zhongshui No. 11.
3. The selenium-rich sparse planting high-yield cultivation method for the rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of the paclobutrazol, the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the plant promoter and the pesticide consists of 15 kg of water, 10 g of 15% paclobutrazol, 40 g of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant growth promoter and a proper amount of the pesticide.
4. The selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing strong moss according to the leaf color of the seedlings comprises:
for seedlings with dark green leaves, 7.5-10 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied per mu;
for seedlings with green and yellow leaf colors and mainly green, 12.5 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied per mu;
15 kg of selenium-rich biological organic compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of urea are broadcast and applied to seedlings which are yellow in leaf color and green and mainly yellow in each mu.
5. The selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for the rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the plant strengthening promoter and the ethylicin consists of 15 kg of water, 60 g of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant promoter and 20 ml of the ethylicin.
6. The selenium-rich thin planting high-yield cultivation method for the rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the plant strengthening promoter and the benzamidine prochloraz is composed of 15 kg of water, 60 g of the grain oil type selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, 40 g of the plant promoter and 10 g of the benzamidine prochloraz.
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