CN112544333A - Drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes - Google Patents
Drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544333A CN112544333A CN202011331109.5A CN202011331109A CN112544333A CN 112544333 A CN112544333 A CN 112544333A CN 202011331109 A CN202011331109 A CN 202011331109A CN 112544333 A CN112544333 A CN 112544333A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and discloses a drought-resistant grape cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting drought-resistant grape seeds, and treating the grape seeds to obtain grape seeds to be sown; sowing and raising grape seeds; transplanting the germinated seeds and the matrix, leveling the land after transplanting, paving a plastic film, paving a drip irrigation pipeline at the exposed soil, adjusting the drip irrigation water amount according to the precipitation amount of a planting area, and completing the drought-resistant cultivation of the grapes. According to the method, the grape seeds are treated before sowing, so that the germination rate of the grape seeds can be improved; culturing seedlings before planting to obtain grape plants and transplanting the grape plants and the matrix; after transplanting, large-area plastic films are paved, and drip irrigation devices are arranged in areas where the plastic films are not paved, so that the water requirement for grape growth is met, and the growth and development of the grapes are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes.
Background
At present: during the growth and development of the grapes, the grapes are often limited by climatic conditions and environmental conditions, particularly, the influence of drought on the growth of the grapes is most obvious, and the grapes can be reduced in yield and even completely harvested when the drought is severe. This causes irreparable economic losses in the mountainous area where grapes are the main economic source, and severely restricts local economic development. The method is combined with the production practice of the existing hemimountainous area, and the first technical problem is how to reasonably utilize resources of the hemimountainous area, and improve the economic benefit, the ecological benefit and the social benefit of the unit area of the grape. The grape planting area is large, but the grape growth period is often limited by climatic conditions and environmental conditions, especially the influence of drought on the grape growth is most obvious, and the grape yield can be reduced even the grape can be harvested absolutely when the drought is serious. This causes irreparable economic losses in the mountainous area where grapes are the main economic source, and severely restricts local economic development.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: at present, the economic loss which cannot be remedied is brought by drought in the half-mountainous area taking grapes as the main economic source, and the local economic development is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes.
The drought-resistant cultivation method for the grapes is realized in the way that the drought-resistant cultivation method for the grapes comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting grape seeds: selecting drought-resistant grape seeds, sieving the seeds to reserve seed particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm and remove seeds with larger particle size and smaller particle size; screening the screened seeds again to remove seeds with deformed seed shapes, moldy surfaces, abnormal colors or damaged surfaces to obtain grape seeds for cultivation;
step two, treating grape seeds for cultivation: before planting, spraying the selected grape seeds by using a sprayer filled with a carbendazim solution; after the spraying of the carbendazim solution is finished, standing for 6-15 min, then placing the grape seeds in clear water for cleaning, and taking out the grape seeds and placing the grape seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking; after soaking for 40-45 min, fishing out the grape seeds, and airing the grape seeds in the sun until the surface of the grape seeds is dried; wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds by using a seed coating agent to obtain grape seeds to be sowed;
step three, sowing and raising the seedlings of grape seeds: weighing 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-20 parts of completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 4-5 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5-8 parts of calcium superphosphate according to parts by mass, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain a seedling raising matrix, paving the seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising bed in layers, and spraying nutrient water once before each layer of the seedling raising matrix is paved to obtain a grape seedling raising bed; slightly pressing grape seeds to be sown into the matrix above the matrix of the seedling bed, and covering the seedling bed with a semitransparent film after sowing by taking the whole seed covered by the matrix as a standard;
fourthly, deeply ploughing the soil in the drought planting area before transplanting, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 35-40 cm; adding a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into soil, turning the fertilizer into the soil, transplanting germinated seeds together with a matrix after the seeds germinate, ensuring the plant spacing to be 30-35 cm, leveling the land after the transplanting is finished, and irrigating;
fifthly, paving a plastic film above the leveled soil, longitudinally paving strip-shaped plastic films at intervals of grape plants, keeping the soil in a transverse area exposed, and compacting the edge positions of the plastic films; laying a drip irrigation pipeline at the exposed soil of the transverse area; adjusting the drip irrigation water quantity according to the precipitation quantity of the planting area; the diseases and insect pests of the grapes are observed in the planting process, and the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated; harvesting in good time to finish drought-resistant cultivation of the grapes.
Further, in the second step, the preparation method of the carbendazim solution comprises the following steps: mixing the carbendazim powder and water according to the mass fraction of 1: 700-800, and uniformly stirring to obtain a carbendazim solution.
Further, in the second step, the seed soaking liquid comprises, by mass, 120-200 parts of purified water, 2-5 parts of calcium chloride, 3-4 parts of anthocyanin, 6-7 parts of potassium chloride, 4-7 parts of salicylic acid and 1-2 parts of gibberellin.
Further, the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing purified water, calcium chloride, anthocyanin, potassium chloride, salicylic acid and gibberellin according to the mass parts;
(2) dissolving calcium chloride and potassium chloride in purified water to obtain a salt solution;
(3) adding salicylic acid and gibberellin into the salt solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(4) heating the mixed solution to 55 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 6-8 min;
(5) and standing the mixed solution, adding anthocyanin when the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a seed soaking solution.
Further, in the second step, the wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds by using a seed coating agent comprises:
(1) taking potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, organic bentonite, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate as raw materials of a seed coating agent, and preparing the seed coating agent by using the raw materials of the seed coating agent;
(2) uniformly wrapping the treated grape seeds with a seed coating agent until the seed coating agent is uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the grape seeds;
(3) and (3) placing the grape seeds adhered with the seed coating agent in a drying box, and drying for 10-25 min at the set temperature of 35-38 ℃ to obtain the grape seeds to be sowed.
Further, in the step (1), the preparation of the seed coating agent by using the seed coating agent raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 8-12 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 5-9 parts of organic bentonite, 3-4 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 3-5 parts of copper sulfate according to parts by weight;
(2) putting monopotassium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieved to obtain a mixture;
(3) placing the organic bentonite in a grinding machine, and placing the ground bentonite particles in a ball mill for ball milling to obtain organic bentonite powder;
(4) and mixing the mixture with the organic bentonite powder, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed coating agent.
Further, in the third step, the light transmittance of the translucent film is 25%.
Further, in the fourth step, the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation added into the soil comprises:
(1) mixing urea, montmorillonite and rice bran, and pulverizing in a supersonic airflow pulverizer to obtain mixed fertilizer;
(2) adding completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure into the mixed fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation;
(3) adding compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into the deeply ploughed soil, and evenly ploughing and stirring;
(4) the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation is applied again after 1-2 days of sun irradiation.
Further, the application amount of the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation is 80 kg/mu.
Further, in the fourth step, the drip irrigation pipeline is connected with a drip irrigation pipe opening, and the drip irrigation pipe opening is positioned at the joint of the grape plant and the ground.
Further, in the second step, the specific process of spraying the selected grape seeds by using the sprayer filled with the carbendazim solution comprises the following steps:
adding the carbendazim solution into a water tank in a sprayer, and pressurizing the interior of the water tank; the carbendazim solution is pressed into the thin tube to cause high-speed water flow, and the high-speed water flow is cracked into small water drops after contacting with the barrier;
in the first spraying, the concentration of the sprayed liquid medicine is low within 2-3 minutes of the first spraying, and the second additional spraying is carried out.
Further, in the third step, the specific process of covering the translucent film is as follows:
obliquely and outwards forming a film pressing groove with the depth of 10-20 cm on the side surface of the seeds of the seedling bed, selecting one end of the seedling bed, and pressing the open end of the semitransparent film;
lifting the winding drum with uniform force, and pulling the winding drum to uniformly spread the semitransparent film; meanwhile, in the unfolding process, a little soil is covered in the middle of the unfolded semitransparent film until the seedling bed is covered by the semitransparent film.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the method, grape seeds are treated before sowing, sclerotium and hyphae attached to the surfaces of the grape seeds are killed by adopting carbendazim spray, and seed soaking liquid is used for soaking the grape seeds, so that the germination rate of the grape seeds can be improved; culturing seedlings before planting to obtain grape plants and transplanting the grape plants and the matrix; after transplanting, large-area plastic films are paved, and drip irrigation devices are arranged in areas where the plastic films are not paved, so that the water requirement for grape growth is met, and the growth and development of the grapes are promoted. The cultivation method is simple, the drought-resistant cultivation of the grapes is realized from seed selection, seed treatment, seedling raising, transplanting and post-cultivation management, the survival rate of grape plants is high, and the quality of the grapes is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an infusion solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds with the seed coating agent according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of the seed coating using the seed coating raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the method for adding the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation to soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, selecting grape seeds: selecting drought-resistant grape seeds, sieving the seeds to reserve seed particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm and remove seeds with larger particle size and smaller particle size; screening the screened seeds again to remove seeds with deformed seed shapes, moldy surfaces, abnormal colors or damaged surfaces to obtain grape seeds for cultivation;
s102, treating grape seeds for cultivation: before planting, spraying the selected grape seeds by using a sprayer filled with a carbendazim solution; after the spraying of the carbendazim solution is finished, standing for 6-15 min, then placing the grape seeds in clear water for cleaning, and taking out the grape seeds and placing the grape seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking; after soaking for 40-45 min, fishing out the grape seeds, and airing the grape seeds in the sun until the surface of the grape seeds is dried; wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds by using a seed coating agent to obtain grape seeds to be sowed;
s103, grape seed sowing and seedling raising: weighing 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-20 parts of completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 4-5 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5-8 parts of calcium superphosphate according to parts by mass, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain a seedling raising matrix, paving the seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising bed in layers, and spraying nutrient water once before each layer of the seedling raising matrix is paved to obtain a grape seedling raising bed; slightly pressing grape seeds to be sown into the matrix above the matrix of the seedling bed, and covering the seedling bed with a semitransparent film after sowing by taking the whole seed covered by the matrix as a standard;
s104, deeply ploughing soil in the drought planting area to 35-40 cm before transplanting; adding a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into soil, turning the fertilizer into the soil, transplanting germinated seeds together with a matrix after the seeds germinate, ensuring the plant spacing to be 30-35 cm, leveling the land after the transplanting is finished, and irrigating;
s105, paving a plastic film above the leveled soil, longitudinally paving strip-shaped plastic films at intervals of grape plants, keeping the soil in a transverse area exposed, and compacting the edge positions of the plastic films; laying a drip irrigation pipeline at the exposed soil of the transverse area; adjusting the drip irrigation water quantity according to the precipitation quantity of the planting area; the diseases and insect pests of the grapes are observed in the planting process, and the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated; harvesting in good time to finish drought-resistant cultivation of the grapes.
In step S102, the preparation method of the carbendazim solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is: mixing the carbendazim powder and water according to the mass fraction of 1: 700-800, and uniformly stirring to obtain a carbendazim solution.
In step S102, the seed soaking liquid provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 200 parts of purified water 120-.
As shown in fig. 2, a preparation method of the seed soaking liquid provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, weighing purified water, calcium chloride, anthocyanin, potassium chloride, salicylic acid and gibberellin according to parts by weight;
s202, dissolving calcium chloride and potassium chloride in purified water to obtain a salt solution;
s203, adding salicylic acid and gibberellin into the salt solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
s204, heating the mixed solution to 55 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6-8 min;
s205, standing the mixed solution, adding anthocyanin when the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain seed soaking liquid.
In step S102, the specific process of spraying the selected grape seeds by using the sprayer filled with the carbendazim solution according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
adding the carbendazim solution into a water tank in a sprayer, and pressurizing the interior of the water tank; the carbendazim solution is pressed into the thin tube to cause high-speed water flow, and the high-speed water flow is cracked into small water drops after contacting with the barrier;
in the first spraying, the concentration of the sprayed liquid medicine is low within 2-3 minutes of the first spraying, and the second additional spraying is carried out.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S102, wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds with a seed coating agent according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, taking monopotassium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, organic bentonite, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate as raw materials of a seed coating agent, and preparing the seed coating agent by using the raw materials of the seed coating agent;
s302, uniformly wrapping the treated grape seeds with a seed coating agent until the seed coating agent is uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the grape seeds;
s303, placing the grape seeds adhered with the seed coating agent in a drying box, and drying for 10-25 min at the set temperature of 35-38 ℃ to obtain the grape seeds to be sowed.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S301, the preparation of the seed coating using the seed coating raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, weighing 8-12 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 5-9 parts of organic bentonite, 3-4 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 3-5 parts of copper sulfate according to parts by weight;
s402, putting monopotassium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate into a grinder to be ground and sieved to obtain a mixture;
s403, placing the organic bentonite into a grinding machine, and placing the ground bentonite particles into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain organic bentonite powder;
s404, mixing the mixture with the organic bentonite powder, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed coating agent.
In step S103, the light transmittance of the translucent film provided in the embodiment of the present invention is 25%.
In step S103, the specific process of covering the translucent film provided by the embodiment of the present invention is:
obliquely and outwards forming a film pressing groove with the depth of 10-20 cm on the side surface of the seeds of the seedling bed, selecting one end of the seedling bed, and pressing the open end of the semitransparent film;
lifting the winding drum with uniform force, and pulling the winding drum to uniformly spread the semitransparent film; meanwhile, in the unfolding process, a little soil is covered in the middle of the unfolded semitransparent film until the seedling bed is covered by the semitransparent film.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S104, the method for adding a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation to soil according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s501, mixing urea, montmorillonite and rice bran, and crushing in a supersonic airflow crusher to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
s502, adding completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure into the mixed fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation;
s503, adding the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into the deeply ploughed soil, and evenly ploughing and stirring;
s504, sun light irradiation is carried out for 1-2 days, and the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation is applied again.
The application amount of the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation provided by the embodiment of the invention is 80 kg/mu.
In step S104, the drip irrigation pipe provided by the embodiment of the present invention is connected to a drip irrigation pipe opening, and the drip irrigation pipe opening is located at a joint of the grape plant and the ground.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting grape seeds: selecting drought-resistant grape seeds, sieving the seeds to reserve seed particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm and remove seeds with larger particle size and smaller particle size; screening the screened seeds again to remove seeds with deformed seed shapes, moldy surfaces, abnormal colors or damaged surfaces to obtain grape seeds for cultivation;
step two, treating grape seeds for cultivation: before planting, spraying the selected grape seeds by using a sprayer filled with a carbendazim solution; after the spraying of the carbendazim solution is finished, standing for 6-15 min, then placing the grape seeds in clear water for cleaning, and taking out the grape seeds and placing the grape seeds in a seed soaking solution for soaking; after soaking for 40-45 min, fishing out the grape seeds, and airing the grape seeds in the sun until the surface of the grape seeds is dried; wrapping and drying the treated grape seeds by using a seed coating agent to obtain grape seeds to be sowed;
step three, sowing and raising the seedlings of grape seeds: weighing 15-20 parts of pond sludge, 10-20 parts of completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 4-5 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5-8 parts of calcium superphosphate according to parts by mass, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain a seedling raising matrix, paving the seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising bed in layers, and spraying nutrient water once before each layer of the seedling raising matrix is paved to obtain a grape seedling raising bed; slightly pressing grape seeds to be sown into the matrix above the matrix of the seedling bed, and covering the seedling bed with a semitransparent film after sowing by taking the whole seed covered by the matrix as a standard;
fourthly, deeply ploughing the soil in the drought planting area before transplanting, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 35-40 cm; adding a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into soil, turning the fertilizer into the soil, transplanting germinated seeds together with a matrix after the seeds germinate, ensuring the plant spacing to be 30-35 cm, leveling the land after the transplanting is finished, and irrigating;
fifthly, paving a plastic film above the leveled soil, longitudinally paving strip-shaped plastic films at intervals of grape plants, keeping the soil in a transverse area exposed, and compacting the edge positions of the plastic films; laying a drip irrigation pipeline at the exposed soil of the transverse area; adjusting the drip irrigation water quantity according to the precipitation quantity of the planting area; the diseases and insect pests of the grapes are observed in the planting process, and the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated; harvesting timely to finish drought-resistant cultivation of the grapes;
in the second step, the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
weighing purified water, calcium chloride, anthocyanin, potassium chloride, salicylic acid and gibberellin according to the mass parts;
dissolving calcium chloride and potassium chloride in purified water to obtain a salt solution;
adding salicylic acid and gibberellin into the salt solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
heating the mixed solution to 55 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 6-8 min;
standing the mixed solution, adding anthocyanin when the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a seed soaking solution;
in the fourth step, the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation is added into the soil, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing urea, montmorillonite and rice bran, and pulverizing in a supersonic airflow pulverizer to obtain mixed fertilizer;
(2) adding completely decomposed livestock and poultry manure into the mixed fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound fertilizer for grape cultivation;
(3) adding compound fertilizer for grape cultivation into the deeply ploughed soil, and evenly ploughing and stirring;
(4) the compound fertilizer for grape cultivation is applied again after 1-2 days of sun irradiation.
2. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the preparation method of the carbendazim solution comprises the following steps:
mixing the carbendazim powder and water according to the mass fraction of 1: 700-800, and uniformly stirring to obtain a carbendazim solution.
3. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the seed soaking solution comprises, by mass, 200 parts of purified water 120-.
4. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the specific process of spraying the selected grape seeds by using the sprayer filled with the carbendazim solution comprises the following steps:
adding the carbendazim solution into a water tank in a sprayer, and pressurizing the interior of the water tank; the carbendazim solution is pressed into the thin tube to cause high-speed water flow, and the high-speed water flow is cracked into small water drops after contacting with the barrier;
in the first spraying, the concentration of the sprayed liquid medicine is low within 2-3 minutes of the first spraying, and the second additional spraying is carried out.
5. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the coating and drying of the treated grape seeds with a seed coating agent comprises:
(1) taking potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, organic bentonite, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate as raw materials of a seed coating agent, and preparing the seed coating agent by using the raw materials of the seed coating agent;
(2) uniformly wrapping the treated grape seeds with a seed coating agent until the seed coating agent is uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the grape seeds;
(3) and (3) placing the grape seeds adhered with the seed coating agent in a drying box, and drying for 10-25 min at the set temperature of 35-38 ℃ to obtain the grape seeds to be sowed.
6. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the seed coating preparation by using seed coating raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 8-12 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, 5-9 parts of organic bentonite, 3-4 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-5 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 3-5 parts of copper sulfate according to parts by weight;
(2) putting monopotassium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyethylene glycol, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and copper sulfate into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieved to obtain a mixture;
(3) placing the organic bentonite in a grinding machine, and placing the ground bentonite particles in a ball mill for ball milling to obtain organic bentonite powder;
(4) and mixing the mixture with the organic bentonite powder, adding deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed coating agent.
7. The drought resistant grape cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the light transmittance of the translucent film is 25%.
8. The drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the specific process of covering the semi-transparent film is as follows:
obliquely and outwards forming a film pressing groove with the depth of 10-20 cm on the side surface of the seeds of the seedling bed, selecting one end of the seedling bed, and pressing the open end of the semitransparent film;
lifting the winding drum with uniform force, and pulling the winding drum to uniformly spread the semitransparent film; meanwhile, in the unfolding process, a little soil is covered in the middle of the unfolded semitransparent film until the seedling bed is covered by the semitransparent film.
9. The drought-resistant grape cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the compound fertilizer applied to grape cultivation is 80 kg/mu.
10. The drought resistant grape cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the drip irrigation pipe is connected with a drip irrigation opening, and the drip irrigation opening is positioned at the joint of the grape plant and the ground.
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