CN112515111A - 肾形纳豆的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种肾形纳豆的制备方法,属于食品生产技术领域,由肾形黄豆经枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵制得。与现有技术相比较具有在充分发酵的基础上,增强纳豆激酶活性、减轻氨臭味、增加豆香味的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品生产技术领域,特别是属于一种肾形纳豆的制备方法。
背景技术
纳豆是以黄豆为原料,经纳豆菌发酵制成的一种具有特殊口味的发酵豆制品。它具有调整肠胃、防治骨质疏松、降低胆固醇、软化血管、溶解血栓等作用,其中溶解血栓作用最为受到关注。纳豆食品的溶栓功能主要由于发酵纳豆的枯草芽孢杆菌具有代谢生成纳豆激酶的作用。纳豆激酶是一种枯草杆菌蛋白激酶,是在纳豆发酵过程中由纳豆枯草杆菌产生的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,具有溶栓,降低血液黏度,改善血液循环,软化和增加血管弹性的作用,所以临床目前用于预防和改善心脑血管疾病的治疗,如冠心病,心绞痛,心肌梗塞,脑梗塞,动脉粥样硬化患者。另外纳豆激酶还可以平稳地降低血压,预防老年痴呆等。现阶段,纳豆在生产过程中,容易出现拉丝不均匀,发酵不充分或时间过长,致使纳豆激酶活性较低、口感较苦、氨臭味较重,豆香难以体现。
发明内容
本发明的目的即在于提供一种肾形纳豆的制备方法,以达到在充分发酵的基础上,增强纳豆激酶活性、减轻氨臭味、增加豆香味的目的。
本发明所提供的肾形纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)原料预处理:称取肾形黄豆100份(“份”以质量单位计,下同),洗净,泡发12-16h, 置于蒸汽锅内蒸15-50分钟;
步骤(2)烘烤:将步骤(1)预处理的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度150-250℃,烘烤5-15分钟;
步骤(3)降温:将步骤(2)所得肾形黄豆降温至30℃-40℃;
步骤(4)接种:取枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉0.1-1份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉0.01-0.1份和嗜热链球菌菌粉0.01-0.1份接种至步骤(3)已降温的肾形黄豆中;
步骤(5)发酵:取步骤(4)接种完成的肾形黄豆,恒温发酵,温度35-40℃,时间15-24h;
步骤(6)后熟:将步骤(5)发酵完成的肾形黄豆放入恒温冷柜,温度2-4℃,静置4-12h;
步骤(7)贮存:后熟结束,包装,冷冻保存。
本发明所提供的肾型纳豆的制备方法,由肾形黄豆经枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵制得,其积极效果主要体现在:
1、本发明方法中肾形黄豆经过烤制后,不仅使得产品的豆香味更加突出,而且可以减少纳豆发酵原料的水分含量,维持纳豆的最适发酵条件;
2、本发明方法中采用肾形黄豆作原料来制作纳豆,其蛋白质含量远远高于普通黄豆,而脂肪含量低于普通黄豆,更符合人们追求营养健康的饮食理念;
3、本发明方法加入嗜热链球菌作为发酵菌,由于嗜热链球菌在发酵过程中会产生黏多糖,黏多糖能够抑制细胞的突变来抵抗肿瘤的发生,以清除体内代谢过程中产生的过量超氧阴离子自由基,延缓衰老,而本产品中黏多糖增多,更加营养健康;
4、本发明方法中创造性地采用枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌三种菌来协同发酵,产品性状稳定,拉丝长,豆香浓郁,无氨臭味,黏多糖含量高,纳豆激酶活性高,挥发性盐基氮含量远远小于市售产品中的含量,产品更加安全健康;此外,发酵过程中嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,能够有效抑制杂菌的生长,减少挥发性盐基氮的产生,避免了氨臭味的产生,同时能补充人体所需的益生菌,营养健康;
5、本发明方法生产过程中无氨臭味产生,实现零排放,全利用,经济环保;
6、本发明方法中的枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌都是市售产品,菌种使用方便,发酵过程中不需要进行菌种的扩大培养,生产工艺简单、稳定,能耗低,生产周期短,更适合工业化生产;
7、本发明设计合理,产品口味独特,保留了原本纳豆的营养价值同时又对纳豆的特殊气味进行了改进,极大的提高了产品的接纳度;
8、该发明制备方法便捷、易贮藏、产品色泽光鲜、绿色安全、豆香浓郁,没有刺鼻气味,符合国人口感,适合广大消费者食用,产品中纳豆激酶活力高,活性黏多糖含量高,并含有对人体有益的益生菌,高蛋白,低脂肪,营养健康。
具体实施方式
实例1
取优质肾形黄豆100g,用清水清洗干净后,用清水泡发12h,然后放入容器内,并将容器置于121℃的蒸汽锅内蒸15分钟。之后将蒸煮好的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度150℃,烘烤15分钟,将烘烤好的肾形黄豆进行降温,待温度降到30℃时,进行接种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌1g、嗜酸乳杆菌0.01g、嗜热链球菌0.01g。接种完成的肾形黄豆,进行35℃恒温培养20h,之后在4℃条件下,静置4h,包装,冷冻保存。
实例2
取优质肾形黄豆100g,用清水清洗干净后,用清水泡发16h,然后放入容器内,并将容器置于121℃的蒸汽锅内蒸20分钟。之后将蒸煮好的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度250℃,烘烤5分钟。将烘烤好的肾形黄豆进行降温,待温度降到40℃时,进行接种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌0.1g、嗜酸乳杆菌0. 1g、嗜热链球菌0. 1g。接种完成的肾形黄豆,进行40℃恒温培养15h,之后在2℃条件下,静置12h,包装,冷冻保存。
实例3
取优质肾形黄豆100g,用清水清洗干净后,用清水泡发13h,然后放入容器内,并将容器置于121℃的蒸汽锅内蒸40分钟。之后将蒸煮好的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度200℃,烘烤8分钟,将烘烤好的肾形黄豆进行降温,待温度降到39℃时,进行接种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌0.3g、嗜酸乳杆菌0.02g、嗜热链球菌0.02g。接种完成的肾形黄豆,进行38℃恒温培养20h,之后在3℃条件下,静置6h,包装,冷冻保存。
实例4
取优质肾形黄豆100g,用清水清洗干净后,用清水泡发15h,然后放入容器内,并将容器置于121℃的蒸汽锅内蒸30分钟。之后将蒸煮好的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度220℃,烘烤6分钟,将烘烤好的肾形黄豆进行降温,待温度降到39℃时,进行接种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g、嗜酸乳杆菌0.06g、嗜热链球菌0.04g。接种完成的肾形黄豆,进行39℃恒温培养23h,之后在2℃条件下,静置10h,包装,冷冻保存。
实例5
取优质肾形黄豆100g,用清水清洗干净后,用清水泡发16h,然后放入容器内,并将容器置于121℃的蒸汽锅内蒸50分钟。之后将蒸煮好的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度160℃,烘烤12分钟,将烘烤好的肾形黄豆进行降温,待温度降到36℃时,进行接种,其中枯草芽孢杆菌0.8g、嗜酸乳杆菌0.03g、嗜热链球菌0.08g。接种完成的肾形黄豆,进行36℃恒温培养24h,之后在4℃条件下,静置6h,包装,冷冻保存。
实例1-5制备的纳豆与市售纳豆的理化指标如下:
以上所述,仅为本发明实施例,而并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,对于本技术领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还将可以做出修改、补充和替换,这些修改、补充和替换也应是本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的修改、补充和替换的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的修改、补充和替换,仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种肾形纳豆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)原料预处理:称取肾形黄豆100份(“份”以质量单位计,下同),洗净,泡发12-16h, 置于蒸汽锅内蒸15-50分钟;
步骤(2)烘烤:将步骤(1)预处理的肾形黄豆放进烘烤箱内进行烘烤,温度150-250℃,烘烤5-15分钟;
步骤(3)降温:将步骤(2)所得肾形黄豆降温至30℃-40℃;
步骤(4)接种:取枯草芽孢杆菌菌粉0.1-1份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉0.01-0.1份和嗜热链球菌菌粉0.01-0.1份接种至步骤(3)已降温的肾形黄豆中;
步骤(5)发酵:取步骤(4)接种完成的肾形黄豆,恒温发酵,温度35-40℃,时间15-24h;
步骤(6)后熟:将步骤(5)发酵完成的肾形黄豆放入恒温冷柜,温度2-4℃,静置4-12h;
步骤(7)贮存:后熟结束,包装,冷冻保存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肾形纳豆的制备方法,其特征还在于,步骤(1)所述蒸汽锅温度为121℃。
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