CN112494422A - 一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶 - Google Patents
一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,主要由复合型温敏原位凝胶基质、无限稀释型微乳液、功能有效成分组成。本发明使用泊洛沙姆与壳聚糖衍生物制成的温敏抗菌凝胶作为载药基体,该基体具有可随温度变换进行可逆高分子凝胶‑微乳凝胶转换,其中复方制剂有效成分,能改善受损后的阴道环境,使用本品后,可在粘膜表面形成一定强度的膜,增强了对给药补位的覆盖性保护和润滑性,抗菌、抗病毒能力极大提高。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及抗菌凝胶材料技术领域,具体涉及一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
水凝胶是亲水性聚合物形成的网络状结构,在其结构中由于化学或物理交联的存在,导致水溶胶不溶于水。温敏水凝胶是一种能够随温度变化发生可逆的膨胀-收缩的水凝胶,其中的凝胶成分必须在低于或高于某一温度时是不溶的,及低临界互溶温度(LCST)或高临界互溶温度(UCST)。大多数聚合物的水溶性随温度升高而增加,但具有LCST性质的聚合物其水溶性随温度升高而降低,表现为反向温度依赖性。
随着生活观念的改变以及周围环境的恶化,生殖道感染在女性中越来越成为常见病和多发病。其主要是发生在女性生殖系统的一类感染性疾病,主要通过性途径进行传播,其中以阴道炎最为常见。而如果采用口服药物治疗,一来副作用大,二来不能直接作用于患处,疗效不显著;目前,也有使用凝胶材料直接进行作用于患处作用,这样起效快、疗效显著,但是还是存在一定的不足:比如化学试剂成分含量大,仍然有较大的副作用,此外,还容易造成阴道菌群失衡,不能有效缓解或者治愈病情。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的上述不足,本发明提供一种抗菌性好,缓释效果好、载药良好、稳定性好的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶。无特殊说明,本申请中百分含量均为质量百分含量。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,其特征在于该凝胶主要由复合型温敏原位凝胶基质、无限稀释型微乳液、功能有效成分组成。
作为优选,复合型温敏原位凝胶基质由泊洛沙姆18-19%、壳聚糖衍生物2-3%制备而成。
所述壳聚糖衍生物选自羟丁基壳聚糖、交联壳聚糖,所述泊洛沙姆优选为泊洛沙姆407。
作为优选,无限稀释型微乳液由单辛酸甘油酯8-10%、硅酮2-3%、吐温808-12%、植物醇0.5-0.8%、乙醇4-6%、丙二醇2-3%制成。
所述功能有效成分为:观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、树脑0.5-0.8%、龙脑0.5-0.8%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、医用肽0.2-0.3%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%中的一种或多种。
作为优选所述功能有效成分为:观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、树脑0.5-0.8%、龙脑0.5-0.8%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、医用肽0.2-0.3%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%。
所述缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,其制备过程包括如下步骤:
(1)取泊洛沙姆40718-19%、壳聚糖衍生物2-3%,加入纯化水,在5-10℃下搅拌40-60min,使其充分溶胶,作为温敏原位凝胶。
(2)取单辛酸甘油酯8-10%、硅酮2-3%、丙二醇2-3%在80-90℃下搅拌30-45min,使其溶解,作为A相,另取吐温808-12%、植物醇0.5-0.8%、乙醇4-6%在80-90℃下搅拌30-45min,使其溶解作为B相;然后将A相缓慢加入B相中,均质搅拌5-10min,乳化,得到微乳液。
(3)依次将观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、树脑0.5-0.8%、龙脑0.5-0.8%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%加入到步骤(2)所得的微乳液中,搅拌30-45min溶解后,降温至5-10℃,然后再加入医用肽0.2-0.3%,即得微乳载药体。
(4)将(3)所得的微乳载药体与(1)所得的原位凝胶基质在5-10℃下搅拌10-30min,即得。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶具有抗菌性好,缓释效果好、载药良好、稳定性好的优点;
(2)本发明使用泊洛沙姆与壳聚糖衍生物制成的温敏抗菌凝胶作为载药基体,该基体具有可随温度变换进行可逆高分子凝胶-微乳凝胶转换,但温度降低时为高分子乳液状态,当温度较高时为凝胶状态,在给药时,呈现液体状态渗透到阴道、子宫深部皱褶处,抑制有害细菌滋生,可在粘膜表面形成厚度均匀的膜,接触体温2min后,转变为微乳凝胶,实现在作用部位的长期滞留,实现缓释效果。
(3)本发明加入了女性阴道环境修复的成分,能改善受损后的阴道环境,活化受损细胞,增强免疫力,抵抗HPV病毒;使用本品后,可在粘膜表面形成一定强度的膜,增强了对给药补位的覆盖性保护和润滑性,抗菌、抗病毒能力极大提高。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例乳液粒径测试结果散点图。
图2为本发明实施例乳液粒径分布测试结果散点图。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
(1)取泊洛沙姆40718%、壳聚糖衍生物3%,加入纯化水,在0~8℃下搅拌40min,使其充分溶胶,作为温敏原位凝胶。
(2)取单辛酸甘油酯8%、硅酮2%、丙二醇3%在80~90℃下搅拌45min,使其溶解,作为A相,另取吐温808%、植物醇0.5%、乙醇6%在85~95℃下搅拌30min,使其溶解作为B相;然后将A相缓慢加入B相中,均质搅拌10min,乳化,得到微乳液。
(3)依次将观音草提取物0.8%、植酮0.3%、树脑0.5%、龙脑0.5%、乳酸薄荷酯1.2%、醋酸氯己定0.08%加入到步骤(2)所得的微乳液中,搅拌40min溶解后,降温至5~8℃,然后再加入医用肽0.3%,即得微乳载药体。
(4)将(3)所得的微乳载药体与(1)所得的原位凝胶基质在0~8℃下搅拌10min,即得。
实施例2
制备方法同实施例1,采用如下原料制备:泊洛沙姆40719%、羟丁基壳聚糖2%、单辛酸甘油酯10%、硅酮3%、吐温8010%、植物醇0.6%、乙醇5%、丙二醇2%、观音草提取物0.8%、植酮0.3%、树脑0.5%、龙脑0.5%、乳酸薄荷酯1.2%、醋酸氯己定0.08%、医用肽0.3%,余量为纯化水。
实施例3
制备方法同实施例1,采用如下原料制备:泊洛沙姆40718%、羟丁基壳聚糖3%、单辛酸甘油酯9%、硅酮3%、吐温809%、植物醇0.5%、乙醇4%、丙二醇2%、观音草提取物0.8%、植酮0.3%、树脑0.5%、龙脑0.5%、乳酸薄荷酯1.2%、醋酸氯己定0.08%、医用肽0.3%,余量为纯化水。
实施例4
制备方法同实施例1,复合型温敏原位凝胶基质采用泊洛沙姆40710%、羟丁基壳聚糖3%、泊洛沙姆1888%。
实施例5
同实施例2,复合型温敏原位凝胶基质采用泊洛沙姆40715%、羟丁基壳聚糖3%、泊洛沙姆1884%。
实施例6
制备方法同实施例1,其中不使用医用肽。
实施例7
制备方法同实施例1,其中不使用醋酸氯己定和乳酸薄荷酯。
实施例8
制备方法同实施例1,其中不使用树脑和龙脑。
实施例9
制备方法同实施例1,其中不使用植酮。
实施例10
制备方法同实施例1,其中不使用观音草提取物。
乳液粒径测试:采用光散射法测试乳液粒径和粒径分布,用纳米/亚微米粒度分析仪对样品进行测试,利用Stokes-Einstein方程计算得出颗粒粒径和粒径分布,测试温度20℃。测试结果如下:
表1乳液粒径测试结果 单位nm
序号 | 组别 | 190801 | 190802 | 190803 | 190804 | 190805 | 190806 |
A | 实施例1 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 186 | 187 | 185 |
B | 实施例6 | 187 | 186 | 184 | 189 | 183 | 186 |
C | 实施例7 | 185 | 186 | 190 | 184 | 185 | 183 |
D | 实施例8 | 191 | 186 | 185 | 189 | 185 | 187 |
E | 实施例9 | 184 | 189 | 189 | 186 | 187 | 185 |
F | 实施例10 | 187 | 189 | 187 | 188 | 186 | 186 |
表2乳液粒径分布测试结果
序号 | 组别 | 190801 | 190802 | 190803 | 190804 | 190805 | 190806 |
A | 实施例1 | 0.121 | 0.112 | 0.148 | 0.133 | 0.116 | 0.118 |
B | 实施例6 | 0.135 | 0.128 | 0.138 | 0.128 | 0.117 | 0.108 |
C | 实施例7 | 0.139 | 0.126 | 0.129 | 0.137 | 0.163 | 0.126 |
D | 实施例8 | 0.123 | 0.123 | 0.107 | 0.135 | 0.129 | 0.122 |
E | 实施例9 | 0.125 | 0.118 | 0.116 | 0.126 | 0.119 | 0.115 |
F | 实施例10 | 0.123 | 0.117 | 0.149 | 0.123 | 0.123 | 0.125 |
粘度测试记录:将旋转粘度计保持水平状态,将转子倾斜的放入样品中,要避免产生气泡,然后再安装转子,转子不能碰到杯壁和杯底,被测量的样品必须没过规定的刻度,测试温度25℃。测试结果如下:
表3乳液粘度测试结果 单位:mpa.s
从表1-2中可见,本发明乳液粒径为纳米级,粒径分布均匀,连续6个批次没有明显变化,质量稳定。从表3中可见在25℃乳液表现出较高的粘度,已经发生了温敏转变,从乳液转变为微乳凝胶,可实现在作用部位的长期滞留,达到长效缓释效果。
抗菌性能测试:按照卫生部2017年版《消毒技术规范》的方法,对本发明实施例1、6-10所配制的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶进行微生物的杀菌效果测试。
测试方法:该抗菌凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌作用2分钟,对白色念珠菌作用8分钟,对阴道滴虫、淋球菌分别作用10分钟。测试结果如下:
表4抗菌性能测试结果
序号 | 金黄色葡萄球菌% | 白色念珠菌% | 阴道滴虫% | 淋球菌% |
实施例1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
实施例6 | 96.1 | 98.4 | 96.5 | 94.1 |
实施例7 | 98.5 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 99.0 |
实施例8 | 100 | 99.1 | 98.8 | 98.3 |
实施例9 | 100 | 100 | 99.8 | 100 |
实施例10 | 99.1 | 99.4 | 98.5 | 98.3 |
取SD大鼠100只,8周龄,体重200-250g,雌性,从阴道注入金黄色葡萄球菌(3×105CFU/mL)和白色念珠菌(3×105CFU/mL)的混合菌液,菌液注入量为0.05mL/100g体重,隔日再接种1次。第5天及第7天分别取阴道分泌物做镜检、细菌培养,并分别分离出金葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌,再分别接种于培养基中,经培养后,做菌株鉴定。镜检及菌株鉴定均为阳性者为感染成功的大鼠。
取感染成功的大鼠60只,随机分为3组。其中一组阴道给予0.5g/kg体重的实施例1制得的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶;一组给予阳性同样剂量的实施例10的温敏凝胶;另外一组为对照组,给予等量的生理盐水。每天给药1次,连续6天阴道给药。停药后第4天取大鼠阴道分泌物进行鉴定,2次鉴定病原体均为阴性定为转阴。停药后第5天将大鼠处死解剖,取阴道标本进行检测,得出转阴率。
表5转阴率测试结果
序号 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 白色念珠菌 |
实施例1 | 90% | 95% |
实施例10 | 85% | 80% |
对照组 | 0 | 0 |
应该理解,尽管参考其示例性的实施方案,已经对本发明进行具体地显示和描述,但是本领域的普通技术人员应该理解,在不背离由后附的权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围的条件下,可以在其中进行各种形式和细节的变化,可以进行各种实施方案的任意组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,其特征在于该凝胶主要由复合型温敏原位凝胶基质、无限稀释型微乳液、功能有效成分组成,
其中无限稀释型微乳液由单辛酸甘油酯8-10%、硅酮2-3%、吐温80 8-12%、植物醇0.5-0.8%、乙醇4-6%、丙二醇2-3%制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,其中复合型温敏原位凝胶基质由泊洛沙姆18-19%、壳聚糖衍生物2-3%制备而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,所述壳聚糖衍生物选自羟丁基壳聚糖、交联壳聚糖,所述泊洛沙姆为泊洛沙姆407。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,所述功能有效成分为:观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、树脑0.5-0.8%、龙脑0.5-0.8%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、医用肽0.2-0.3%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,所述功能有效成分为:观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、医用肽0.2-0.3%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶,所述功能有效成分为:观音草提取物0.5-0.8%、植酮0.2-0.3%、树脑0.5-0.8%、龙脑0.5-0.8%、乳酸薄荷酯1-1.2%、医用肽0.2-0.3%、醋酸氯己定0.05-0.08%。
7.一种权利要求1-6中任一项所述缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶的制备方法,其制备过程包括如下步骤:
(1)取泊洛沙姆、壳聚糖衍生物,加入纯化水,在5-10℃下搅拌40-60min,使其充分溶胶,作为温敏原位凝胶。
(2)取单辛酸甘油酯、硅酮、丙二醇在80-90℃下搅拌30-45min,使其溶解,作为A相,另取吐温80、植物醇、乙醇在80-90℃下搅拌30-45min,使其溶解作为B相;然后将A相缓慢加入B相中,均质搅拌5-10min,乳化,得到微乳液。
(3)依次将观音草提取物、植酮、树脑、龙脑、乳酸薄荷酯、醋酸氯己定加入到步骤(2)所得的微乳液中,搅拌30-45min溶解后,降温至5-10℃,然后再加入医用肽,即得微乳载药体。
(4)将(3)所得的微乳载药体与(1)所得的原位凝胶基质在5-10℃下搅拌10-30min,即得。
8.一种权利要求1-6中任一项所述缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶或权利要求7制备得到的所述缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶的应用,其在制备抑制菌凝胶药物中的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,所述菌为金黄色金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、阴道滴虫、淋球菌中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的应用,该缓释微乳温敏抗菌凝胶用于制备治疗妇科疾病药物的用途。
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