CN112493071A - Seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanical rice transplanting seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanical rice transplanting seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
A seedling raising method for quickly improving the cold resistance of mechanically transplanted seedlings is based on the existing seedling raising technology and comprises the steps of spraying 60-120mg/kg of xylo-oligosaccharide solution on the surfaces of seedlings during the seedling stage management period from one-leaf one-heart period to two-leaf one-heart period of the seedlings after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 90-150L/hm2. The method is more convenient and fast to use than a seed soaking method, and the influence of cold damage on rice seedlings can be relieved only by spraying on the leaf surfaces of the rice in the seedling stage; in the aspect of mechanical rice transplanting, the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spraying method can obviously improve the germination rate and the seedling rate of the seedlings, effectively promote the growth of the overground parts of the seedlings, obviously increase the stem base width of the seedlings and better meet the requirements of mechanical rice transplanting on the seedlings; in the aspect of cold resistance, the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray can obviously improve the stress-resistant enzyme activity of the rice seedlings, and the cold resistance is obviously enhanced. Compared with a seed soaking method, the method is more convenient and fast in use degree, and can be sprayed before cold tide comesCan achieve the effect of cold resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rice seedling raising technology in the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a seedling raising method for quickly improving the cold resistance of mechanized rice seedlings.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, mechanized production is more and more widely applied to the agricultural field, and machine-transplanted rice seedlings become one of the main modes of rice transplantation. However, the existing seedling raising technology has the defects of poor seedling quality, short suitable planting period, poor cold resistance and the like, is difficult to culture seedlings with strong cold resistance and suitable for machine transplanting standard, and is easy to cause seedling rotting and death of early rice in late spring and cold, thereby seriously hindering the large-scale and mechanical production of the early rice.
The oligosaccharide is a novel functional carbohydrate source, is widely applied to the fields of food, health care products, beverages, medicines, feed additives and the like, and is rarely applied to crops. The applicant conducts long-term research on the seedling raising technology by utilizing oligosaccharide, and finds that the adoption of cellooligosaccharide for seed soaking can improve the germination rate and the seedling rate of rice seeds, improve the quality and the age elasticity of seedlings and enhance the cold resistance and the activity of stress-resistant enzyme of the seedlings (see CN 110622800A). However, the use of cellooligosaccharide for seed soaking requires the treatment of seeds before sowing, otherwise the subsequent series of seedling raising processes are affected, and the use is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for quickly improving the cold resistance of mechanized transplanted seedlings aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method is used for spraying xylo-oligosaccharide on leaf surfaces of rice seedlings in a seedling stage, so that the method is convenient and simple to use, can obviously improve the stress-resistant enzyme activity of the seedlings, and obviously enhances the cold resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a seedling raising method for quickly improving the cold resistance of mechanically transplanted seedlings is characterized in that a xylo-oligosaccharide solution with the mass concentration of 60-120mg/kg is sprayed on the surfaces of seedlings between one leaf-one-heart period and two leaves-one-heart period of the seedlings after sowing in the period of seedling management based on the existing seedling raising technology.
The method is an improvement on the basis of the existing seedling raising technology, and also comprises the steps of seed sunning, seed selection, seed soaking, germination acceleration, spreading and airing for bud refining, seeding and seedling raising, seedling stage management and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sun-drying seeds: 3-5 days before seed soaking, the seeds are dried for 8-12 hours in sunny days;
(2) seed selection: selecting seeds by using clear water, pouring the seeds into the clear water, stirring again, fishing out blighted grains, and selecting the seeds with uniform and consistent sunken plumpness and no plant diseases and insect pests;
(3) seed soaking: soaking the selected seeds in clear water for 36-48 hours;
(4) accelerating germination: draining off water from the seeds, immediately carrying out heat preservation and germination acceleration, and keeping the germination acceleration temperature at 30-35 ℃ for 18-24 hours;
(5) spreading and airing to smelt buds: spreading the seeds after germination acceleration until the temperature of the seeds is reduced to normal temperature;
(6) sowing and seedling raising:
firstly, preparing a seedling raising substrate: uniformly stirring the seedling raising matrix (nutrient soil) to enable the seedling raising matrix to be fluffy;
sowing: after the seeds are broken and white exposed, weighing 150g of rice sprouts of 100-plus-one seeds according to each seedling raising tray for preparation;
thirdly, arranging the seedling bed: leveling and compacting the surface of the seedling bed, wherein the width of the seedling bed is 1.2-1.5m, the periphery of the seedling bed is ditched, the width of the ditches is 30-50cm, the depth of the ditches is 20-30cm, and drainage and seedling carrying are facilitated;
seeding and seedling raising: a semi-dry seedling raising mode is adopted, a seedling raising tray is firstly paved to a seedling bed, a seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 1.8cm-2cm is filled in the seedling tray and is watered thoroughly, the sprouts and the grains are uniformly scattered in the seedling raising tray, and 0.5cm of seedling raising substrate covers the seedling raising tray after seeding.
The seedling raising tray is made of plastic materials and has the specification of 58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 2.5 cm.
(7) Seedling stage management:
firstly, erecting an arched shed: setting up a small arched shed above the seedling bed, inserting bamboo strips every 0.8-1m, crossing and building two ends of the seedling bed by using two bamboo strips, and covering a thin film on the arched shed for heat preservation;
controlling the temperature: keeping the temperature in the arched shed not more than 38 ℃, opening the films at two ends of the arched shed to ventilate and cool when the temperature is too high in sunny days, and covering the films to preserve heat when the temperature is too low in the evening;
controlling moisture: keeping the matrix in the arched shed moist, and timely watering if the rice leaves curl or yellow to prevent and control seedling burning.
Fourthly, spraying a medicament: 10-20 days after sowing (seedling one leaf one heart period to two leaves one heart period), selecting windless weather, spraying 60-120mg/kg xylo-oligosaccharide solution on leaf surface, spraying amount of 90-150L/hm2。
Preferably, the mass concentration of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is 85-105mg/kg, and the spraying amount is 100-2。
Compared with a seed soaking method, the method is more convenient to use, and the influence of cold damage on the rice seedlings can be relieved only by spraying the seed soaking method on the leaf surfaces of the rice seedlings; in the aspect of mechanical rice transplanting, the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray treatment can improve the germination rate and the seedling rate of seedlings compared with the cello-oligosaccharide seed soaking, effectively promote the growth of overground parts of the seedlings, obviously increase the width of the stem bases of the seedlings and better meet the requirements of mechanical rice transplanting on the seedlings. In the aspect of cold resistance, the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spraying method can obviously improve the stress-resistant enzyme activity of the seedlings and obviously enhance the cold resistance. Compared with a seed soaking method, the method for spraying the foliage is more convenient and fast in use convenience degree, and can be sprayed before cold tide comes to play a cold-resistant effect. The field test proves that the cold resistance and the quality of the rice seedlings can be obviously and rapidly improved by spraying the xylo-oligosaccharide with a certain concentration on the leaf surfaces, and the method has important significance for reducing the harm of late spring cold of early rice in south to the rice seedlings, guaranteeing the national food safety and accelerating the mechanized development of the rice.
Detailed Description
Field test
The test was carried out on the Zhongzao 39 early season of the early season rice variety in the practice base of Hunan agriculture university, Liuyang city, Hunan province in 2020. A random block design is adopted, 3 treatments of clear water (contrast 1), cellooligosaccharide (contrast 2) and xylooligosaccharide foliage spray (the experimental group of the invention) are set, 3 times of treatment are set, and 2 plates of repeated sowing are carried out for 18 plates.
Soaking clean water and cellooligosaccharide in clean water for 40 hr, soaking cellooligosaccharide with 80mg/kg mass concentration for 12 hr, and spraying xylooligosaccharide onto leaf surface of one leaf at one heart stage (mass concentration of 85mg/kg, spraying amount of 90-150L/hm)2). All treatments are carried out in a two-leaf one-core period, 3 disks of seedlings are randomly taken in each treatment, and square blocks with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm are selected for each disk to measure the germination rate and the seedling rate. Taking 50 representative seedlings per tray according to a five-point sampling method, and inspecting the plant height, stem base width, leaf sheath length, leaf age, green leaf number and total root number of the seedlings. Cleaning the seedlings, drying the seedlings by using absorbent paper, deactivating enzyme of 100 seedlings at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying the seedlings to constant weight at 80 ℃, and measuring the dry mass of hundreds of seedlings. Taking fresh leaves from the seedling bed, preserving the leaves by adopting liquid nitrogen, preserving the leaves at the temperature of minus 80 ℃, and measuring the activities of SOD, POD, MDA, CAT and PRO enzymes indoors by adopting an enzyme-labeling instrument. The results are shown in tables 1 to 4 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of the difference between the germination percentage and the seedling rate of rice seedlings between different cold-resistant agent treatments
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of numbers indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). The following table is the same.
As can be seen from Table 1, the foliar spray treatment of xylo-oligosaccharide can significantly improve the germination rate of rice, which is 3.48% and 1.93% higher than the treatments of soaking seeds in clear water and soaking seeds in cellooligosaccharide; on the aspect of the seedling rate of rice, the treatment difference does not reach a remarkable level, but the foliar spraying treatment of xylooligosaccharide is 3.12 percent higher than the clear water seed soaking treatment and the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, and the foliar spraying treatment and the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment are 1.24 percent higher than the clear water seed soaking treatment.
TABLE 2 comparison of rice seedling quality differences between different cold-resistant agent treatments
Table 2 shows that the foliar spray treatment of xylo-oligosaccharide can obviously improve the plant height of seedlings in plant height, which is 4.72 percent and 4.23 percent higher than the treatment of soaking seeds in clear water and soaking seeds in cello-oligosaccharide respectively; compared with the seed soaking in clear water, the leaf spraying treatment of xylooligosaccharide can obviously improve the length of the leaf sheaths of the seedlings, and is respectively 4.97 percent and 3.46 percent higher than the seed soaking treatment in clear water and the seed soaking treatment in cellooligosaccharide; compared with the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, the xylooligosaccharide leaf spraying treatment can obviously improve the seedling leaf age by 14.29 percent in leaf age, but has no obvious difference with the clear water seed soaking; compared with cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, xylo-oligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment obviously improves the seedling leaf age by 6.74% in terms of the number of green leaves, but has no obvious difference with clear water seed soaking; on the total number of the xylo-oligosaccharide, the spraying on the leaf surfaces is obviously lower than that of the seed soaking with clear water by 14.11 percent, but is 7.84 percent higher than that of the treatment of cello-oligosaccharide.
TABLE 3 comparison of the difference between the stem width and the dry weight of the rice seedlings treated with different cold-resistant agents
Table 3 shows that the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray treatment can obviously increase the stem base width of the seedlings, and is respectively and obviously higher by 43.71 percent and 21.83 percent compared with the method of soaking seeds in clear water and soaking seeds in cellooligosaccharide; the difference of the dry weight of each treatment on the seedlings is not obvious, wherein the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray treatment is highest, the clear water seed soaking treatment is second, and the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment is lowest.
TABLE 4 comparison of the activity differences of the rice seedlings against the adversity enzymes between different cold-resistant agent treatments
As can be seen from Table 4, the foliar spray treatment of xylo-oligosaccharide can significantly improve the activities of four anti-retroenzymes, namely SOD, POD, MDA, CAT and PRO, by 4.31%, 3.96%, 13.81%, 56.32% and 20.37% respectively, compared with the foliar spray treatment of seed soaking with clear water. Compared with the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, the enzymatic activities of the xylo-oligosaccharide on POD and CAT are respectively and obviously improved by 11.66 percent and 51.42 percent; although the activity of MDA and PRO enzymes is reduced, the reduction range is small.
In conclusion, in the aspect of cold resistance, the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray treatment is convenient and simple to use, and the POD and CAT enzyme activities are respectively and obviously higher than those of cellooligosaccharide seed soaking, so that the stress-resistant enzyme activity of the rice seedling can be obviously improved, and the cold resistance is obviously enhanced. And the xylo-oligosaccharide foliage spray treatment can improve the germination rate and the seedling rate of the seedlings, effectively promote the growth of the overground parts of the seedlings, obviously increase the width of the stem bases of the seedlings, and better meet the requirements of mechanized transplanting on the seedlings than cello-oligosaccharide seed soaking.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling raising method for quickly improving the cold resistance of mechanically transplanted seedlings is based on the existing seedling raising technology and is characterized in that during seedling stage management, 60-120mg/kg mass concentration xylo-oligosaccharide solution is sprayed on the surfaces of seedlings between one leaf-heart stage and two leaves-heart stage of the seedlings after sowing.
2. The method for raising seedlings with mechanical transplanted seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is 90-150L/hm2。
3. The seedling raising method for rapidly improving the cold resistance of the mechanized transplanted seedlings as claimed in claim 2, wherein the spraying amount of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is 100-120L/hm2。
4. The method for raising seedlings with mechanical transplanted seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is 85-105 mg/kg.
5. The method for raising seedlings with mechanical transplanted seedlings to improve cold resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying is performed in a windless day.
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving the cold resistance of mechanically transplanted seedlings.
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Citations (6)
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| JP2009055832A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Kao Corp | Method for imparting stress resistance to plant |
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| CN108812671A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-16 | 大连工业大学 | A method of rice is improved to rice blast disease resistance using alginic acid oligosaccharides |
| CN110622800A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling raising method for improving cold resistance of double-season early rice machine-transplanted seedlings and application thereof |
| WO2020051479A1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Illustris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of active agents to plants and pests |
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2020
- 2020-12-01 CN CN202011384693.0A patent/CN112493071B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009055832A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Kao Corp | Method for imparting stress resistance to plant |
| CN102144637A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-10 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Chitosan oligosaccharide composite with cold-resistant function and application of composite |
| CN102440249A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-05-09 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Purpose of chitosan oligosaccharide and composition thereof in low temperature growth promotion |
| CN108812671A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-16 | 大连工业大学 | A method of rice is improved to rice blast disease resistance using alginic acid oligosaccharides |
| WO2020051479A1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Illustris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of active agents to plants and pests |
| CN110622800A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling raising method for improving cold resistance of double-season early rice machine-transplanted seedlings and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 何久兴等: "叶面喷施寡糖对生菜生长和品质的调节作用" * |
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