CN112493071B - Seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanical transplanted seedlings - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanical transplanted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
A seedling raising method for quickly improving cold resistance of mechanized transplanted seedlings is based on the existing seedling raising technology, and comprises spraying an xylooligosaccharide solution with mass concentration of 60-120mg/kg on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings between one-leaf one-core period and two-leaf one-core period after sowing in the seedling period management period, wherein the spraying amount is 90-150L/hm 2 . Compared with the seed soaking method, the method is more convenient to use, and the influence of cold injury on seedlings can be relieved only by spraying on leaf surfaces of rice in the seedling stage; in the aspect of rice mechanical transplanting, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying method can obviously improve the germination rate and seedling forming rate of seedlings, effectively promote the growth of overground parts of the seedlings, obviously increase the width of seedling stems and better meet the requirements of mechanized transplanting on the seedlings; in the aspect of cold resistance, the xylooligosaccharide foliar spray can obviously improve the activity of the seedling stress-resistant enzyme, and the cold resistance is obviously enhanced. To the extent of convenient use, compared with a seed soaking method, the method is more convenient, and can be sprayed before the cold tide comes, so that the cold-resistant effect can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a rice seedling raising technology in the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanically transplanted seedlings.
Background
China is a large agricultural country, mechanized production is increasingly widely applied in the agricultural field, and mechanical transplanting becomes one of main modes of rice transplanting. However, the existing seedling raising technology is difficult to cultivate seedlings with strong cold resistance and suitable for machine transplanting standards due to poor quality, short suitable planting period, poor cold resistance and the like of seedlings, and early-rice seedling death is easily caused when the seedlings meet the cold of the spring, so that the large-scale and mechanical production of early rice is seriously hindered.
The oligosaccharide is a novel functional sugar source, is widely applied to the fields of foods, health products, beverages, medicines, feed additives and the like, and has few reports on the application to crops. The inventor conducts long-term research on the seedling raising technology by utilizing oligosaccharide, and discovers that the adoption of cellooligosaccharide for seed soaking can improve the germination rate and seedling forming rate of rice seeds, improve the quality and the seedling age elasticity of seedlings and enhance the cold resistance and the stress-resistant enzyme activity of the seedlings (see CN 110622800A). However, the cellooligosaccharide is adopted for seed soaking, and seeds must be treated before sowing, otherwise, the subsequent series of seedling raising procedures are affected, and the use is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanized transplanting seedlings, which is characterized in that xylooligosaccharide leaf surfaces of the rice seedlings are sprayed in a seedling stage, so that the method is convenient and simple to use, the activity of stress resistance enzyme of the seedlings can be obviously improved, and the cold resistance capability is obviously enhanced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a seedling raising method for quickly improving cold resistance of mechanized transplanting seedlings is based on the existing seedling raising technology, and is characterized in that an xylooligosaccharide solution with mass concentration of 60-120mg/kg is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings between one-leaf one-core period and two-leaf one-core period of the seedlings after sowing during seedling period management.
The method of the application is an improvement on the basis of the existing seedling raising technology, and also comprises the steps of seed sunning, seed selection, seed soaking, germination accelerating, spread and airing for sprout refining, seeding and seedling raising, seedling stage management and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Sun-drying the seeds: 3-5 days before seed soaking, sun-drying the seeds for 8-12 hours on a sunny day;
(2) Seed selection: selecting seeds by using clear water, pouring the seeds into the clear water, re-stirring, fishing out blighted grains, and selecting the seeds which are uniform and consistent in submerged fullness and free from diseases and insect pests;
(3) Seed soaking: soaking the selected seeds in clear water for 36-48 hours;
(4) Accelerating germination: immediately carrying out heat preservation and germination acceleration after draining the seeds, wherein the germination acceleration temperature is kept at 30-35 ℃ for 18-24 hours;
(5) Spreading and airing the mixed buds: spreading the seeds after germination accelerating, and cooling the seeds to normal temperature;
(6) Sowing and raising seedling:
(1) preparing a seedling raising matrix: uniformly stirring seedling raising matrix (nutrient soil) to make the seedling raising matrix fluffy;
(2) sowing: after the chest of the seeds is broken and the seeds are exposed, 100-150g of germinated millet is weighed according to each seedling raising disk for preparation;
(3) seedling bed arrangement: leveling and compacting the surface of a seedling bed, wherein the width of the seedling bed is 1.2-1.5m, ditching is carried out around the seedling bed, the ditch width is 30-50cm, and the depth is 20-30cm, so that the seedling can be conveniently drained and transported;
(4) sowing and raising seedling: the semi-dry seedling raising mode is adopted, a seedling raising tray is firstly paved on a seedling bed, seedling raising matrixes with the thickness of 1.8cm-2cm are filled in the seedling raising tray and are thoroughly irrigated, the germinated rice is uniformly scattered in the seedling raising tray, and the seedling raising matrixes with the thickness of 0.5cm are covered on the seedling raising tray after sowing.
The seedling raising tray is made of plastic and has the specification of 58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 2.5cm.
(7) Seedling management:
(1) setting up an arch shelter: a small arch shed is erected above the seedling bed, one bamboo strip is inserted every 0.8-1m, two ends of the seedling bed are alternately erected by two bamboo strips, and a film is covered above the arch shed for heat preservation;
(2) and (3) temperature control: the temperature in the arch shed is kept not to exceed 38 ℃, the films at the two ends of the arch shed are opened for ventilation and cooling in sunny days, and the films are covered for heat preservation in the evening or at low temperature;
(3) and (3) moisture control: keeping the matrix in the arch shed moist, and if the phenomenon of rice leaf curling or yellowing occurs, sprinkling water in time to prevent and treat seedlings from burning.
(4) Spray Shi Yaoji: 10-20 days after sowing (seedling one-leaf one-heart period to two-leaf one-heart period), windless weather is selected, and 60-120mg/kg of xylooligosaccharide solution with mass concentration is sprayed on leaf surface, wherein the spraying amount is 90-150L/hm 2 。
Preferably, the mass concentration of the xylo-oligosaccharide solution is 85-105mg/kg, and the spraying amount is 100-120L/hm 2 。
Compared with the seed soaking method, the method is more convenient to use, and the influence of cold injury on seedlings can be relieved only by spraying on leaf surfaces of rice in the seedling stage; in the aspect of rice mechanical transplanting, compared with the fibrous oligosaccharide seed soaking, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment can improve the germination rate and seedling forming rate of seedlings, effectively promote the growth of overground parts of the seedlings, remarkably increase the width of seedling stem bases and better meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting on the seedlings. In the aspect of cold resistance, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying method can obviously improve the activity of the seedling stress-resistant enzyme and obviously enhance the cold resistance. To the extent of convenient use, compared with a seed soaking method, the leaf surface spraying method is more convenient, and the leaf surface spraying method can play a role in cold resistance by spraying before the cold and the damp come. The field test proves that the foliar spraying of the xylooligosaccharide with a certain concentration can obviously and quickly improve the cold resistance and seedling quality of the rice seedlings, and has important significance for reducing the harm of early rice in south to rice seedlings caused by the cold of the spring and ensuring the national grain safety and accelerating the mechanized development of the rice.
Detailed Description
Field test
The test was conducted on the agricultural university practice base in Liuyang city, hunan province, in 2020 at early stage 39 in the early stage of the test early rice variety. The random block design is adopted, 3 treatments of clear water (control 1), cellooligosaccharide (control 2) and xylooligosaccharide foliar spray (experimental group of the application) are arranged, 3 replicates are arranged for each treatment, and 2 discs are sown for each replicate, and 18 discs are used.
Soaking the seeds of the cellooligosaccharide in clear water (soaking seeds in clear water for 40h, soaking seeds in 80mg/kg of cellooligosaccharide for 12 h), spraying xylooligosaccharide on one-leaf one-heart leaf surface (with mass concentration of 85mg/kg and spraying amount of 90-150L/hm) 2 ). All treatments are carried out in a two-leaf one-core period, 3 trays of seedlings are randomly taken in each treatment, and square blocks with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm are selected for each tray to measure the germination rate and the seedling rate. Each seedling is replaced by 50 representative seedlings by a five-point sampling method, and the plant height, the stem base width, the leaf sheath length, the leaf age, the green leaf number and the total root number of the seedlings are inspected. Cleaning the seedlings, absorbing water by using water absorbing paper, deactivating enzyme for 30min at 105 ℃, baking at 80 ℃ to constant weight, and measuring the dry quality of hundred seedlings. Fresh leaves are taken from seedling fields, stored and placed by liquid nitrogenPreserving at 80 ℃ below zero, and measuring SOD, POD, MDA, CAT, PRO enzyme activity indoors by using an enzyme-labeled instrument. The results are shown in tables 1 to 4 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of germination Rate and seedling-forming Rate of Rice seedlings between different Cold-resistant agent treatments
Note that: different lower case letters after the same column of numbers represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). The table below is the same.
As shown in Table 1, the rice germination rate can be obviously improved by the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment, which is 3.48 percent and 1.93 percent higher than that of the fresh water seed soaking and cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment respectively; on the seedling rate of rice, the treatment difference does not reach a significant level, but the spraying treatment of the xylooligosaccharide leaf surfaces is 3.12 percent and 1.24 percent higher than the fresh water seed soaking treatment and the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment respectively.
TABLE 2 comparison of Rice seedling quality differences between different Cold-resistant agent treatments
Table 2 shows that, on the plant height, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment can obviously improve the plant height of seedlings, which is 4.72 percent and 4.23 percent higher than that of the fresh water seed soaking and cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment respectively; compared with the fresh water seed soaking, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment can obviously improve the leaf sheath length of seedlings, and is respectively 4.97 percent and 3.46 percent higher than the fresh water seed soaking and cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment; compared with the fiber oligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment obviously improves the seedling leaf age by 14.29 percent, but has no obvious difference with the clear water seed soaking treatment; compared with the fiber oligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment obviously improves the seedling leaf age by 6.74 percent, but has no obvious difference with the clear water seed soaking; the total number of the xylo-oligosaccharide is obviously lower than 14.11 percent of the seed soaking in clean water, but 7.84 percent higher than that of the cellooligosaccharide treatment.
TABLE 3 comparison of the Stem base Width and hundred plant Dry weight differences of Rice seedlings between different Cold-resistant agent treatments
Table 3 shows that the foliar spray treatment of the xylo-oligosaccharide can obviously increase the width of the seedling stem base, which is obviously higher than that of the clean water seed soaking and the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking by 43.71 percent and 21.83 percent respectively; the differences of the treatments on the dry weight of the seedlings are not obvious, wherein the treatments of spraying the xylo-oligosaccharide on the leaf surfaces are highest, the treatments of soaking seeds in clear water are secondary, and the treatments of soaking the seeds in cellooligosaccharide are lowest.
TABLE 4 comparison of the differences in the stress-resistant enzyme activities of rice seedlings between different Cold-resistant agent treatments
As shown in Table 4, compared with the fresh water seed soaking treatment, the spraying treatment of the xylooligosaccharide leaf surfaces can obviously improve the activities of four stress-resistant enzymes of SOD, POD, MDA, CAT, PRO by 4.31%, 3.96%, 13.81%, 56.32% and 20.37%, respectively. Compared with the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking treatment, the xylooligosaccharide has the advantages that the POD and CAT enzyme activities are obviously improved by 11.66 percent and 51.42 percent respectively; MDA and PRO enzyme activities are reduced, but the reduction is small.
In conclusion, in the aspect of cold resistance, the xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment is convenient and simple to use, and the POD and CAT enzyme activities are respectively remarkably higher than that of cellooligosaccharide seed soaking, so that the seedling stress-resistant enzyme activity can be remarkably improved, and the cold resistance is remarkably enhanced. The xylooligosaccharide leaf surface spraying treatment can improve the germination rate and seedling forming rate of seedlings, effectively promote the growth of overground parts of the seedlings, remarkably increase the width of seedling stems, and more meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting on the seedlings compared with the cellooligosaccharide seed soaking.
Claims (5)
1. A seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanized transplanted rice seedlings is based on the existing seedling raising technology and is characterized in that in the seedling raising period, a xylooligosaccharide solution with mass concentration of 60-120mg/kg is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings from one-leaf one-core period to two-leaf one-core period after sowing;
the spraying amount of the xylooligosaccharide solution is 90-150L/hm 2 。
2. The seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanized transplanted rice seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of said xylooligosaccharide solution is 100-120L/hm 2 。
3. The seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanically transplanted rice seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of said xylooligosaccharide solution is 85-105mg/kg.
4. The seedling raising method for rapidly improving cold resistance of mechanically transplanted rice seedlings according to claim 1, wherein windless weather is selected for spraying.
5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-4 for improving the cold resistance of mechanically transplanted rice seedlings.
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Citations (6)
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| JP2009055832A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Kao Corp | Method for imparting stress resistance to plant |
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| CN108812671A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-16 | 大连工业大学 | A method of rice is improved to rice blast disease resistance using alginic acid oligosaccharides |
| CN110622800A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling raising method for improving cold resistance of double-season early rice machine-transplanted seedlings and application thereof |
| WO2020051479A1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Illustris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of active agents to plants and pests |
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2020
- 2020-12-01 CN CN202011384693.0A patent/CN112493071B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| JP2009055832A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Kao Corp | Method for imparting stress resistance to plant |
| CN102144637A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-10 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Chitosan oligosaccharide composite with cold-resistant function and application of composite |
| CN102440249A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-05-09 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Purpose of chitosan oligosaccharide and composition thereof in low temperature growth promotion |
| CN108812671A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-16 | 大连工业大学 | A method of rice is improved to rice blast disease resistance using alginic acid oligosaccharides |
| WO2020051479A1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Illustris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of active agents to plants and pests |
| CN110622800A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Seedling raising method for improving cold resistance of double-season early rice machine-transplanted seedlings and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 何久兴等.叶面喷施寡糖对生菜生长和品质的调节作用.《中国农业气象》.2019,第40卷(第12期),783-792. * |
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