CN112451651A - 一种蛋白核小球藻肽的应用 - Google Patents
一种蛋白核小球藻肽的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112451651A CN112451651A CN202011379773.7A CN202011379773A CN112451651A CN 112451651 A CN112451651 A CN 112451651A CN 202011379773 A CN202011379773 A CN 202011379773A CN 112451651 A CN112451651 A CN 112451651A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蛋白核小球藻肽应用，包括在制备抗氧化保健品和药品，及在制备减肥保健品和药品中的应用。本发明提供的蛋白核小球藻肽在具有抗氧化能力的同时，还为进一步作为减肥保健品和药品的制备提供了物质基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋白核小球藻应用技术领域，尤其涉及一种蛋白核小球 藻肽的应用。
背景技术
小球藻是一种单细胞绿藻，目前对其研究主要集中于生物能源核生 物固碳等方面，而其作用一种丰富蛋单细胞蛋白质来源，对其活性物质 蛋研究以及筛选都极具开发价值。虽然其拥有多种生理作用，市场潜力 巨大，但由于对其研究还不够深入，限制了蛋白核小球藻在食品、保健 食品或医药领域中的应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种蛋白核小球藻肽的应用，发掘其低聚肽 新的应用领域。
本发明提供一种蛋白核小球藻肽的应用，包括在制备抗氧化保健品、 药品，及在制备减肥保健品和药品中的应用。
其中，所述蛋白核小球藻肽包含5～5.5wt％的天门冬氨酸、5～10wt％ 的谷氨酸、2～2.5wt％的丝氨酸、0.5～1wt％的组氨酸、2～3wt％的甘氨酸、 2～3wt％的苏氨酸、2～2.5wt％的精氨酸、4～5wt％的丙氨酸、1.5～2wt％的 酪氨酸、0.1～0.5wt％的色氨酸、2～2.5wt％的脯氨酸、0.1～0.45wt％的胱氨 酸、2.5～2.9wt％的缬氨酸、1.5～2.2wt％的蛋氨酸、1.6～2.2wt％的异亮氨酸、 4.56～5.3wt％的亮氨酸和2.53～3.14wt％的赖氨酸；所述蛋白核小球藻肽分 子量为658Da。
进一步的，所述蛋白核小球藻肽的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将蛋白核小球藻的原料经浸泡、冷冻、高压均质后，进行酶解，灭 酶后将获得的酶解液经过滤，取滤液浓缩，干燥即可得所述蛋白核小球 藻肽。
具体的，所述浸泡步骤中，原料和所用浸泡液的重量比为1:(10～20)。
具体的，所述高压均质步骤的处理条件为：均质压力20～35MPa、藻 液浓度为22～25％。
具体的，所述酶解步骤中采用纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶复合进行 处理，温度为50～60℃，pH＝6.5～7.0，处理时间为5～6h。
有益效果：
本发明提供的蛋白核小球藻肽在具有抗氧化能力的同时，还通过动 物实验证明了其具有降低机体内脂肪堆积，并提供高密度脂蛋白的作用， 能够降低机体健康风险，为进一步作为减肥保健品和药品的制备提供了 物质基础。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实 施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实 施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
蛋白核小球藻肽及其制备方法
本发明实施例提供的蛋白核小球藻肽，其分子中包含：5～5.5wt％的 天门冬氨酸(Asp)、5～10wt％的谷氨酸(Glu)、2～2.5wt％的丝氨酸(Ser)、 0.5～1wt％的组氨酸(His)、2～3wt％的甘氨酸(Gly)、2～3wt％的苏氨酸 (Thr)、2～2.5wt％的精氨酸(Arg)、4～5wt％的丙氨酸(Ala)、1.5～2wt％ 的酪氨酸(Tyr)、0.1～0.5wt％的色氨酸(Trp)、2～2.5wt％的脯氨酸(Pro)、 0.1～0.45wt％的胱氨酸(Cys)、2.5～2.9wt％的缬氨酸(Val)、1.5～2.2wt％ 的蛋氨酸(Met)、1.6～2.2wt％的异亮氨酸(Ile)、4.56～5.3wt％的亮氨 酸(Leu)和2.53～3.14wt％的赖氨酸(Lys)；所述蛋白核小球藻肽分子 量为658Da。该蛋白核小球藻肽具有抗氧化和减肥作用。
具体的，该蛋白核小球藻肽的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将蛋白核小球藻的原料经浸泡、冷冻、高压均质后，进行酶解，灭 酶后将获得的酶解液经过滤，取滤液浓缩，干燥即可得所述蛋白核小球 藻肽。
具体的，浸泡步骤中，原料和所用浸泡液的重量比为1:(10～20)，浸 泡液可用去离子水、蒸馏水或者10～25％乙醇溶液。
具体的，高压均质步骤的处理条件为：均质压力20～35MPa、藻液浓 度为22～25％。
具体的，酶解步骤中纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶复合进行处理，温 度为50～60℃，pH＝6.5～7.0，处理时间为5～6h。
为进行探索该蛋白核小球藻肽的制备方法，主要考察其浸泡、脱糖 和酶解步骤。
取蛋白核小球藻，粉粹，取若干份，每份5g，精密称定后，置于100ml 锥形瓶中，按照料液比1:(10～20)投料加水(如加水50ml，75ml，100ml)， 搅拌浸泡，浸泡时使物料与水充分混合。然后进行高压均质进行破壁处 理，控制进入均质机的藻液浓度核均质压力。对破壁后蛋匀浆采用升温 至50～60℃，pH＝6.5～7.0，处理时间为5～6h；降解蛋白核小球藻内部蛋 白成低聚肽，后续在经过灭酶、过滤、浓缩和干燥就可得到蛋白核小球 藻肽。
表1将蛋白核小球藻制备过程中的实施例进行统计，考察其制备过 程条件对其应用的影响。
表1
蛋白核小球藻肽抗氧化能力
试验方法：
将1.5mg样品加入1.5mL 0.1mmol/L DPPH(95％乙醇)中，混匀并 在25℃保温30min。在517nm处测量吸光度。Vc溶液用作对照。DPPH·清 除能力W(％)计算如下：
W(％)＝[1-(A1-A2)/A0]×100％
其中A0是1.5mL蒸馏水和1.5mL含0.1mmol/L DPPH的95％乙醇 的吸光度值，A1是含有0.1mmol/L DPPH的1.5mL水解产物的吸光度值， A2是吸光度值1.5mL水解产物和1.5ml95％乙醇。
蛋白核小球藻肽对DPPH自由基具有较为明显的清除作用，同时其 自由基清除率呈现剂量依赖性。当蛋白核小球藻肽浓度为1.6mg/ml时， 清除DPPH自由基为93.83％(表2实施例3)。说明蛋白核小球藻肽中 有给出质子，稳定DPPH自由基的能力，有较强的抗氧化能力。
而对于不同的实施例和对比例，其抗氧化能力必然不同。如表2可 知，实施例1-4的抗氧化能力均高于对比例1-5。表2给出了当各实施例 和对比例制备的不同蛋白核小球藻肽的浓度能够得到的最大的W(％)， 对应的IC50及制备的蛋白核小球藻低聚条的氨基酸组成。由表2可知： 实施例1-4的最大DPPH清除能力均大于对比例，且其IC50均低于对比例；实施例1-4的氨基酸组成为20～30％谷氨酸(Glu)、30～40％组氨酸 (His)和10～30％精氨酸(Arg)，而对比例不在此范围内。
表2
蛋白核小球藻肽减肥作用
1、实验动物
雄性SD大鼠，体质量180～220g，6周龄，由某实验动物研究中心提 供，饲养条件：12h明暗交替，温度20～26℃，相对湿度40％～70％，适 应性喂养7d后开始实验，饲养条件达到SPF级。
2、造模
肥胖模型建立：除正常对照组、阳性对照组外，给予其余各组大鼠 高脂饲料(63.8％基础饲料+15％猪油+10％蔗糖+0.2％胆酸钠+10％蛋黄 +1％胆固醇)饲喂，共饲喂7周，建立肥胖模型大鼠，每周称重1次，肥 胖大鼠的体重要超过喂食正常饲料的大鼠20％以上，则为建模成功，差 异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
3、分组和给药
实验开始前，成年大鼠在动物房适应5～7天，自由摄食饮水，并留 有足够活动空间，适应性饲养后，随机分为5组：
正常对照组，健康大鼠给予同给药组同体积的生理盐水灌胃；
模型组，肥胖大鼠给予同给药组同体积的生理盐水灌胃；
阳性对照组，健康大鼠给予1g/kg奥利司他冻干粉溶解于2mL生理 盐水灌胃；
给药组，采用上述实施例和对比例制备的蛋白核小球藻肽进行给药， 1g/kg体重灌胃。
连续灌胃8周，期间以高脂饲料进行饲喂，8周后，称量体重，腹主 动脉取血分离血清，进行相关指标检测。
4、观察指标及测定
于灌胃开始后每周记录各组大鼠的周摄食量，给予足量食物和水可 以自由摄食，且经常更换食物、水，保持新鲜，提供一定的活动范围及 好乐设施，保证一定群体活动时间不至产生孤立感。试验期内观察记录 各组大鼠精神状态、毛色状态、活动状态，保证大鼠在试验期间身体健 康，情绪良好。每周测量各组大鼠体质量，可最直观的反应出蛋白核小 球藻肽的减肥效果。试剂盒测定各组大鼠血清中TG、TCH、LDL-C、 HDL-C的含量。
Lee’s指数和体脂比可以直观体现大鼠脂肪组织的质量，按脂肪贮藏 部位，可将脂肪组织分为腹内脂肪、皮下脂肪和肌间隙脂肪组织等，脂 肪组织在机体中主要承担能量储存的功能，为机体维持生存的必要组织， 但当脂肪过量堆积就会造成机体亚健康。
脂体比％＝体脂量/体重×100％；
总胆固醇(TCH)包括游离胆固醇和胆固醇酷，指血液中脂蛋白所含胆 固醇的总量，总胆固醇主要在肝脏中进行合成并完成后续贮存，其在血 清中的所占的量可以用来衡量脂代谢程度。
甘油三酯(TG)由长链脂肪酸和甘油组成，在脂类中酷含量最高，是 脂肪代谢过程中用来供给机体能量最重要的成分，甘油三酷主要是日常 摄取的食物在机体内部经过一系列反应，合成于肝脏、脂肪等组织中， 并贮存于脂肪组织中。
低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)又称“坏胆固醇”，低密度脂蛋白携带的胆固 醇浓度越高，机体发生心血管疾病的可能性就越大，因此，低密度胆固 醇含量降低，代表机体健康程度升高。
高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)与低密度脂蛋白相呼应，又称“好胆固醇”， 是由高密度脂蛋白所携带的一类胆固醇，高密度胆固醇可在一定程度上 降低患冠状动脉心脏病的危险，主要在肝脏中合成，可看做机体健康标 准指标之一。
5、指标检测结果
表3
由表3可知：
1、与正常对照组比较，模型对照组的Lee’s指数、体脂比、总胆固 醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白均显著升高(P<0.01)，高密度脂蛋白显著降 低(P<0.01)，表明造模成功。
2、与模型对照组比较，给药组中的实施例1-5在灌胃8周后Lee’s 指数、体脂比、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白均显著降低(P<0.05 或P<0.01)，且与阳性对照组水平相当，甚至低于阳性对照组；而给药组 中的对比例1-8这些指标均显著高于实施例1-5。这表明本发明提供的蛋 白核小球藻肽具有显著降低大鼠体内相关脂肪堆积的作用，具有减肥效 果。
3、而与模型对照组比较，给药组中的实施例1-5在灌胃8周后高密 度脂蛋白显著升高(P<0.01)，甚至高于阳性对照组；而给药组中的对比例 1-8这些指标均显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.01)。这表明本发明提供的蛋白 核小球藻肽具有提高大鼠体内高密度脂蛋白的作用，降低大鼠患冠状动 脉心脏病的危险，降低机体的健康风险。
综上所述，蛋白核小球藻肽对大鼠具有显著的减肥作用，为进一步 探索蛋白核小球藻肽作为减肥保健品和药品提供了基础。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围 并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范 围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种蛋白核小球藻肽的应用，其特征在于，包括在制备抗氧化保健品和药品，及在制备减肥保健品和药品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述蛋白核小球藻肽包含5～5.5wt％的天门冬氨酸、5～10wt％的谷氨酸、2～2.5wt％的丝氨酸、0.5～1wt％的组氨酸、2～3wt％的甘氨酸、2～3wt％的苏氨酸、2～2.5wt％的精氨酸、4～5wt％的丙氨酸、1.5～2wt％的酪氨酸、0.1～0.5wt％的色氨酸、2～2.5wt％的脯氨酸、0.1～0.45wt％的胱氨酸、2.5～2.9wt％的缬氨酸、1.5～2.2wt％的蛋氨酸、1.6～2.2wt％的异亮氨酸、4.56～5.3wt％的亮氨酸和2.53～3.14wt％的赖氨酸；所述蛋白核小球藻肽分子量为658Da。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述蛋白核小球藻肽的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将蛋白核小球藻的原料经浸泡、冷冻、高压均质后，进行酶解，灭酶后将获得的酶解液经过滤，取滤液浓缩，干燥即可得所述蛋白核小球藻肽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述浸泡步骤中，原料和所用浸泡液的重量比为1:(10～20)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述高压均质步骤的处理条件为：均质压力20～35MPa、藻液浓度为22～25％。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述酶解步骤中采用纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶复合进行处理，温度为50～60℃，pH＝6.5～7.0，处理时间为5～6h。
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