CN112424443A - 用于射孔枪模块中的聚能射孔弹的定位装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
定位装置(110)包括聚能射孔弹保持器。在聚能射孔弹保持器中形成的多个聚能射孔弹容器(30)被配置成将多个聚能射孔弹(120)布置在所期望的方位。响应于引爆信号，由雷管(50)引爆聚能射孔弹。定位装置(110)可以固定在射孔枪模块(200)中，以抑制定位装置在射孔枪模块中的垂直和水平移动。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2018年7月17日提交的美国临时申请62/699,484和2018年12月17提交的美国临时申请62/780,427的权益，这两个申请的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
背景技术
使用复杂的机械和爆炸装置从延伸到地表以下深处的地下井眼中提取出化石燃料(例如石油)和天然气等碳氢化合物。一旦通过在钻眼后放置套管形成井眼，就将一个射孔枪组件或多个射孔枪组件的列或串下沉到井眼中，并定位到地下地层中的一个或多个碳氢化合物储层附近。
射孔枪的组装需要组装多个零件。这些零件通常包括壳体或外部枪管。通常，用于与地表连通以启动点火的电线、撞击起爆器和/或雷管、导爆索、装在内部管中的一个或多个射孔弹、带或运载装置、以及(必要时)一个或多个扩爆器(booster)位于壳体中。射孔枪的组装通常包括通过将部件拧进或旋入适当位置来将一个部件以螺纹方式插入另一部件中。串联密封适配器(adapter)/接头(sub)通常与射孔枪组件结合使用，以将多个射孔枪连接在一起。串联密封适配器通常配置用来提供相邻的射孔枪之间的密封。可以在相邻的射孔枪之间在内部或外部提供一些串联密封适配器，这除了需要在射孔枪之间使用多个零件或连接，而且还可能增加每个射孔枪的长度，可能增加制造成本。在转让给Hunting TitanInc.的PCT公开WO2015/179787A1中描述了一种这样的系统。
射孔枪包括炸药射孔弹(explosive charge)，通常为聚能射孔弹、中空射孔弹或击发射孔弹，这些炸药射孔弹被引爆而在套管中射孔并爆炸穿过地层，从而使得碳氢化合物能够流过套管。炸药射孔弹可布置在空心的炸药射孔弹载体或其他保持装置中。一旦射孔枪被正确定位，地表信号就会点燃引信或雷管，进而引燃导爆索，使炸药射孔弹爆轰以穿透套管或对套管射孔，从而使地层流体流过由此形成的射孔并进入采油柱(productionstring)。炸药射孔弹爆轰时，碎屑通常残留在套管/井眼内部。此类碎片可能包括炸药射孔弹爆轰产生的弹片，可能会导致井眼堵塞。可以用其他部件、端板、内部套筒等改进射孔枪组件，以捕获此类碎屑。例如，授予GeoDynamics Inc.的美国专利7,441,601描述了一种射孔枪组件，其具有一个配置有预钻孔的内套筒，当射孔枪中的炸药射孔弹爆轰时，该预钻孔相对于外枪管移位，以将由炸药射孔弹形成的孔关闭。这样的射孔枪组件需要很多部件，制造和组装成本可能很高，而且相对于枪直径而言会减小/限制可以与枪组件兼容的炸药射孔弹的尺寸。
需要一种改进的射孔枪组件，其不需要使用串联密封适配器或串联接头来便于射孔枪组件之间的密封连接。还需要一种射孔枪组件，其包含用于捕获由多个聚能射孔弹爆轰所产生的碎屑的有效设计。
发明内容
本公开的实施方式涉及一种定位装置。所述定位装置包括被配置成用于在其中布置/定位多个聚能射孔弹的聚能射孔弹保持器。根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线/Y轴/中心Y轴以径向朝外的布置位于XZ平面中。可以设计聚能射孔弹，因此无论其大小如何，都可以形成具有几何形状(例如长度和宽度)的射孔孔道，该几何形状累加地增加流量，等同于由不同大小的其他聚能射孔弹所增加的流量。每个聚能射孔弹包括开放的前端和包括起爆点的后壁。雷管可以定位在聚能射孔弹保持器内的中心位置，并邻近起爆点。根据一个方面，雷管是无线雷管，聚能射孔弹响应于引爆信号而被雷管直接引爆。
本实施方式可能还涉及用于多个聚能射孔弹的定位装置。该定位装置包括第一端部和第二端部，以及在第一端部和第二端部之间延伸的聚能射孔弹保持器。聚能射孔弹保持器包括多个聚能射孔弹容器，所述多个聚能射孔弹容器围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的Y轴径向地布置在XZ平面中。每个容器被配置成用于接收一个聚能射孔弹，从而使得所接收的聚能射孔弹同样地围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的中心Y轴径向地布置在XZ平面中。根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹容器包括凹陷和形成在凹陷中的开口。细长腔可以从第一端部延伸到第二端部，延伸穿过定位装置。细长腔邻近每个聚能射孔弹容器并与细长开口连通。根据一个方面，雷管位于细长开口中，并被配置成响应于引爆信号而同时引爆聚能射孔弹。
本公开的其他实施方式可能还涉及定位装置，该定位装置包括第一端部、第二端部、以及从第一端部向第二端部延伸穿过定位装置的细长腔/内腔。聚能射孔弹保持器包括在定位装置中，并在第一端部和第二端部之间延伸。聚能射孔弹保持器基本上如上所述进行配置，其聚能射孔弹容器中的每一个都被构造成用于接收一个聚能射孔弹。根据一个方面，定位装置的细长开口被配置成用于将雷管保持在其中，并且邻近聚能射孔弹容器。雷管在细长开口中的布置有利于经由雷管直接和同时引爆聚能射孔弹，这可响应于引爆信号而发生。根据一个方面，定位装置可以进一步包括至少一个肋。肋从定位装置向外延伸。当保持器位于射孔枪模块/载体中时，翅片可以与射孔枪模块的内表面接合，以防止定位装置，以及因此聚能射孔弹在射孔枪模块中垂直移动。
本公开的实施方式可能还涉及用于与聚能射孔弹保持器一起使用的聚能射孔弹，或者包括基本上如上所述地配置的包括聚能射孔弹保持器的定位装置。所述聚能射孔弹包括大致圆柱形/圆锥形的壳体，该壳体具有开放的前端、和具有延伸穿过其的起爆点的后壁、以及在开放的前端与后壁之间延伸的至少一个圆柱形的侧壁。炸药射孔弹布置在壳体的中空内部，并被定位成使其邻近壳体的内表面的至少一部分。根据一个方面，将药型罩压入或放置在炸药射孔弹上。药型罩可位于内表面附近的壳体内，以将炸药射孔弹包封在其中。根据一个方面，修改内表面、药型罩的几何形状和/或药型罩的成分、以及炸药射孔弹中的至少一个，以改变在经聚能射孔弹爆轰形成的射孔射流的形状。所得的射孔射流产生的射孔通道具有促进流量或水力压裂的几何形状，其等同于通常由不同尺寸或组成的另一聚能射孔弹促进的流量或水力压裂。根据一个方面，侧壁包括从侧壁的外表面向外延伸的接合构件。接合构件被配置成用于使聚能射孔弹连接在基本如本文所述地配置的聚能射孔弹保持器的聚能射孔弹容器内。聚能射孔弹不需要在聚能射孔弹的背面使用导爆索导向装置(guides)，而且在聚能射孔弹制造过程中不需要翻转工艺。这可以降低制造成本，因为该聚能射孔弹的轮廓表面比标准聚能射孔弹的小。
本公开的其他实施方式可能还涉及射孔枪模块。射孔枪模块包括具有第一壳体端部和第二壳体端部的壳体。室从第一壳体端部向第二壳体端部延伸，定位装置固定在该室中。定位装置可基本上如上文所定义地配置。根据一个方面，所述定位装置包括聚能射孔弹保持器，所述聚能射孔弹保持器包括聚能射孔弹容器，所述聚能射孔弹容器围绕所述聚能射孔弹保持器的Y轴径向地布置在XZ平面中。定位装置包括至少一个从其延伸并与射孔枪模块的壳体的内表面接合的肋，从而减少了定位装置在射孔枪模块内的移动，从而减少了对聚能射孔弹的定向。聚能射孔弹保持器可以被配置成将雷管容纳并保持在细长腔中，多个聚能射孔弹可以布置在聚能射孔弹容器中。雷管被布置成使得其直接能量地连接到聚能射孔弹，这使得可以无须使用导爆索来引爆聚能射孔弹。根据一个方面，射孔枪模块的壳体被特别地设计成捕获因引爆聚能射孔弹所产生的所得团块。这有助于使聚能射孔弹爆轰后可能残留在井眼中的碎屑最小化。
本公开的实施方式还可以涉及制造本文所述的射孔枪模块的方法。该方法包括：用固体金属材料锻造壳体，并提供用于被接收在壳体的室中的定位装置。根据一个方面，定位装置由注塑、浇铸或3D打印的塑料材料形成，或者从固体塑料棒料3D铣削或切割而成。定位装置可以基本上如上所述地配置。定位装置布置在壳体的室内，以使得聚能射孔弹围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的Y轴以径向朝外的布置位于XZ平面中。
附图说明
通过参考在附图中示出的本发明的特定实施方式给出更具体的描述。应当理解，这些附图仅描绘了本发明的典型实施方式，因此不应被认为是对本发明的范围的限制，通过使用附图以附加的特征和细节来描述和解释示例性实施方式，其中：
图1是根据一个实施方式的定位装置的立体图。
图2是图1的定位装置的侧视立体图。
图3是根据一个实施方式的包括多个肋和一个板的定位装置的侧视立体图。
图4是要附接到图1的定位装置的图3的定位装置的侧视立体图。
图5是根据一个方面的定位装置的剖视图，示出了位于聚能射孔弹容器中的多个聚能射孔弹。
图6是根据一个方面的与定位装置一起使用的聚能射孔弹的局部剖视图。
图7是根据一个方面的射孔枪模块的壳体的剖视图。
图8是根据一个方面的射孔枪模块的局部截面透视图，示出了其中的定位装置。
图9是图8的射孔枪模块的局部截面侧视图，示出了从雷管延伸到隔板组件的贯通导线。
图10是根据一个实施方式的射孔枪模块的局部截面侧视图，该射孔枪模块包括定位装置和位于其中的雷管。
图11是根据一个实施方式的射孔枪模块的局部截面侧视图，该射孔枪模块包括定位装置、位于第一定位装置中的雷管、以及包括爆轰扩展器(detonation extension)的相邻定位装置。
图12A是根据一个实施方式的射孔枪模块的壳体的俯视图。
图12B是图12A的射孔枪模块的俯视图，表示其中的定位装置。
图13A是根据一个方面的因定位在定位装置中的聚能射孔弹爆轰所形成的所得团块的立体图。
图13B是图12B的射孔枪模块的俯视图，示出了因定位在定位装置中的聚能射孔弹爆轰所形成的所得团块。
图14是根据一个实施方式的可与定位装置连接的接地棒的立体图。
图15是根据一个实施方式的一串射孔枪模块的侧视、局部截面立体图。
图16A是根据图10配置的一串射孔枪模块的侧视、局部截面立体图。
图16B是图16A的一串射孔枪模块的侧视、局部截面立体图。示出了位于每个射孔枪模块中的接地棒。
图17是根据图11配置的一串射孔枪模块的侧视、局部截面透视图。
通过以下详细描述以及附图，这些实施方式的各种特征、方面和优点将变得更加显而易见，其中在所有附图和文本中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。所描述的各种特征不一定按比例绘制，而是被绘制为强调与某些实施方式有关的特定特征。
本文使用的各标题仅出于组织结构的目的，并不意味着限制说明书或权利要求书的范围。为了便于理解，在可能的情况下使用附图标记来表示附图共有的相同元件。
具体实施方式
现在详细描述各种实施方式。每个实施例以解释的方式提供，并不意味着限制，而且不构成所有可能实施方式的限定。
如本文所用，术语“能量地(energetically)”可以指一种爆轰/可爆轰装置，当其被引爆或被激活时，产生能够可靠地将油田聚能射孔弹、扩爆器(booster)或导爆索的一部分引爆成更强爆轰的冲击波脉冲。
术语“压力隔板”和“压力隔板结构”应互换使用，并且是指选择射击(selectfire)子组件的内部射孔枪壳体的室。在一个实施方式中，它还包含插塞组件，并得到布线布置的电通道。隔板结构在其整体结构内可包括至少一种导电材料。
为了说明实施方式的特征，现在在整个公开中引入和引用简单的实施例。本领域技术人员会认识到，这些实施例是说明性的而非限制性的，并且仅出于解释目的而提供。由于射孔枪组件的其他特征(例如雷管和聚能射孔弹的设计结构)是众所周知的，为便于理解本公开，除了引用其他出版物可能帮助理解以外，本文将不另外描述这些其他特征。
图1-2示出了定位装置10，该定位装置10被配置成用于以选定的配置布置多个聚能射孔弹120(图6)。聚能射孔弹120可以围绕聚能射孔弹保持器20的Y轴以径向朝外的布置位于XZ平面中；图中的Y轴是聚能射孔弹支架20的中心轴线。定位装置10可以被配置成由塑料材料形成的整体结构。根据一个方面，用注塑材料、浇铸材料、3D打印或3D铣削材料、或者机器切割的固体材料形成定位装置10。经位于聚能射孔弹保持器20中的聚能射孔弹120爆轰，定位装置可以部分熔化/软化以捕获爆轰产生的任何弹片和粉尘。
定位装置10包括第一端部22和第二端部24，以及在第一端部22和第二端部24之间延伸的聚能射孔弹保持器20。根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹保持器20包括多个聚能射孔弹容器30。容器30布置在定位装置10的第一端部22与第二端部24之间。聚能射孔弹容器30可以围绕聚能射孔弹保持器20的Y轴(即，中心轴线)径向地布置在XZ平面中，每个聚能射孔弹容器30都被配置成接收一个聚能射孔弹120。
根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹容器30可以包括向内延伸到定位装置10中的凹陷/凹部32。在凹陷30中形成有开口/狭槽34。开口34被配置成促进凹陷32的内容物(即，聚能射孔弹120)与延伸穿过定位装置10的爆轰装置之间的连通。在一个实施方式中，如图5所示，每个聚能射孔弹容器30的开口34，以及聚能射孔弹120，彼此间隔约60°至约120°。根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹容器30可以彼此等距地间隔开，这可以有助于减小水力压裂期间的地层击穿压力。取决于应用的需要，定位装置10可以包括2、3、4、5、6或更多个容器30。
聚能射孔弹容器30可以被配置成接收不同构造和/或尺寸的聚能射孔弹120。如本领域普通技术人员会理解的，聚能射孔弹120经爆轰产生的射孔射流和/或射孔(孔或射孔)的几何形状至少部分取决于射孔弹壳体的形状、药型罩的形状、和/或药型罩中包含的粉末混合物。射孔射流和射孔的几何形状还可能取决于聚能射孔弹中包含的炸药射孔弹的数量和类型。聚能射孔弹120可以包括例如基本相同的炸药克重，聚能射孔弹壳体的内表面和/或药型罩的设计对于每个聚能射孔弹120可以不同，以便产生不同尺寸或形状的射孔。
根据一个方面，容器30被配置成接收3g至6lg的聚能射孔弹中的至少一个。例如，可以想到，容器的尺寸可以设置成接收5g、10g、26g、39g和50g的聚能射孔弹120。调整位于聚能射孔弹容器30中的聚能射孔弹120的尺寸(并且聚能射孔弹120中的炸药射孔弹的量)可以影响经聚能射孔弹120爆轰在目标地层中产生的入口孔/射孔的尺寸。
定位装置10可以包括三个(3)射孔弹容器30，在每个容器30中放置有聚能射孔弹120。经聚能射孔弹120爆轰形成三个(3)射孔，这些射孔具有相等的入口孔直径，其大小在大约0.20英寸至大约0.55英寸的范围内。可以肯定的是，射孔的相等的入口孔直径会包括小于10％的偏差。例如，可以将三个特别设计的聚能射孔弹120(每个都包含10g炸药射孔弹)安装在定位装置10中。这些聚能射孔弹120爆轰时，它们的性能可以等同于具有三个标准聚能射孔弹的标准聚能射孔弹载体，每个标准聚能射孔弹都包含22.7g炸药射孔弹。至少部分地改变被选择用于炸药射孔弹的炸药粉末的类型、药型罩的形状和组成、以及聚能射孔弹内表面的轮廓/形状，可以有利于提高特别设计的聚能射孔弹120的性能。
孔直径的组合表面积可以等同于由标准射孔枪的2、4、5、6或更多个标准聚能射孔弹的安装所形成的总表面积。聚能射孔弹容器30接收不同大小或部件的聚能射孔弹120的能力有助于提高击发性能，该击发性能等同于包括2、4、5、6或更多个聚能射孔弹的传统聚能射孔弹载体。因此，在不调整聚能射孔弹120和/或定位装置10的容器30的数量/数的情况下，基于在定位装置10中使用的聚能射孔弹120的尺寸和类型，对通过聚能射孔弹120爆轰产生的射孔的总表面积(即，对流体流动开放的面积)有效地调整。这可有助于以经济有效的方式调节目标地层中流体的最佳流动路径，而无需改变容器30的布置或数量。
根据一个方面，定位装置10包括帮助在聚能射孔弹容器30内引导和/或固定聚能射孔弹的一个或多个机构。定位装置可以包括从聚能射孔弹保持器20向外延伸的多个聚能射孔弹定位块/条85。定位块85可以帮助引导聚能射孔弹120在聚能射孔弹容器30内的布置、安装或放置。定位块85可以具有轮廓以与聚能射孔弹120(例如圆锥形或矩形的聚能射孔弹)的总体形状对应。根据一个方面，定位块85为聚能射孔弹保持器20提供额外的强度和稳定性，并有助于将聚能射孔弹120支撑在聚能射孔弹保持器20中。
根据一个方面，定位装置10还包括从保持器20向外延伸的多个保持机构80。保持机构80可以邻近每个聚能射孔弹容器30。如图1和图2所示，保持机构80可以以彼此间隔开的配置布置。每个保持机构80可以邻近一个聚能射孔弹定位块85。例如，一对保持机构80中的每个构件可以与相邻的保持机构80以大约90度角间隔开。一对保持机构80可以被配置成将一个聚能射孔弹120保持在一个聚能射孔弹容器30内。保持机构80可分别包括细长轴81和从细长轴向外延伸的钩83。钩83至少部分地弯曲以与聚能射孔弹120的圆柱形壁接合，从而帮助将聚能射孔弹120固定在其对应的聚能射孔弹容器30内，并由此固定在聚能射孔弹保持器20内。
根据一个方面，聚能射孔弹容器30的凹陷32结合保持机构80和聚能射孔弹定位块85中的至少一个，帮助将至少一个聚能射孔弹120机械地固定在定位装置10内。
细长腔/内腔40从第一端部22延伸到第二端部24，延伸穿过定位装置10。细长腔/内腔40可位于定位装置10的中心位置，且邻近每个聚能射孔弹容器30，从而邻近在容器30中容纳的聚能射孔弹120。
细长腔/内腔40可被配置成用于在其中接收并保持可爆轰装置。根据一个方面，可爆轰装置包括雷管50(图11)。雷管50可位于聚能射孔弹保持器20的中心位置。根据一个方面并且如图6所示，在聚能射孔弹保持器20中容纳的多个聚能射孔弹120包括开放的前端320和后壁330，后壁330具有延伸穿过其中的起爆点331。雷管50基本邻近起爆点331，且被配置成响应于诸如数字代码的引爆信号而同时引爆聚能射孔弹120。
根据一个方面，雷管50是无线推入式雷管。这种雷管在美国专利第9,605,937号和美国专利第9,581,422号中都有描述，它们都是DynaEnergetics GmbH&Co KG共同拥有和受让的，在此通过整体引用并入本文。根据一个方面，雷管50包括雷管头52和从雷管头52延伸的雷管主体54(图11)。雷管头52包括：可电接触的输入部分、可电接触的输出部分、以及位于输入部分和输出部分之间的绝缘体，其中，绝缘体将输入部分与输出部分电隔离。雷管主体54可以与每个聚能射孔弹120能量地连接或能量地连通。根据一个方面，雷管主体54可以包括金属表面，该金属表面提供用于使雷管50电接地的接触区域。
定位装置10可包括通道28，该通道28有助于引导来自雷管50的馈通/电线260(图9)以接触隔板组件/压力隔板组件230(图9)。如图1-2和图11所示，通道28可以形成在定位装置10的第二端部24处，接收并引导馈通导线/电线260到达隔板组件230。
定位装置10可以被配置成具有多个连接器26的模块化装置，连接器26允许定位装置10连接至其他相邻的定位装置、相邻的聚能射孔弹保持器和间隔物，如图4所示。定位装置10可以被配置成与美国专利No.9,494,021和美国专利No.9,702,680中描述的射孔弹保持器、间隔物和连接器接合或连接，这两个专利由DynaEnergetics GmbH&Co KG共同拥有并受让，它们通过整体引用并入本文。
每个连接器26沿着聚能射孔弹保持器20的中心Y轴延伸。根据一个方面，连接器26包括多个插头连接器/插塞27a和多个接收腔/插座27b中的至少一个。在图1和图2中示出了多个接收腔/插座27b在定位装置10的另一端部上，用于从下游定位装置接收插头连接器27a。插头连接器27a从第一或第二端部22、24向外延伸，而接收腔27b从第一或第二端部22、24向内延伸到定位装置10中。插头连接器27a被配置成用于插入并至少暂时地保持在相邻定位装置、聚能射孔弹保持器、间隔物或其他连接器的接收腔27b中，接收腔27b被配置成用于接收另一相邻定位装置、射孔弹保持器、间隔物或其他连接器的插头连接器27a。当第一端部22包括插头连接器27a时，第二端部24包括接收腔27b，该接收腔27b被配置成接收并保持相邻的定位装置、射孔弹保持器、间隔件或其他部件的插头连接器。根据一个方面，插头连接器27a是蘑菇形的，这可以帮助将插头连接器27a保持在接收腔中。
如图3-5和图8-11所示，本发明的其他实施方式涉及定位装置110。定位装置110可以通过注塑形成，如上文针对例如图1-2所示的定位装置10所描述的。定位装置110包括第一端部22和第二端部24。根据一个方面，定位装置110的第一端部22可以具有轮廓以在其中保持雷管头52(图8和图12B)。聚能射孔弹保持器20在定位装置110的第一和第二端部22、24之间延伸。为了描述方便而不是限制，以上参照图1-2描述了可应用于定位装置110的聚能射孔弹保持器20的总体特征，这里不再赘述。
与上文参照图1-2描述的聚能射孔弹保持器相似，图3所示的聚能射孔弹保持器20包括多个聚能射孔弹容器30、多个保持机构80和多个定位块85，它们基本上如上文参照图1-2所述那样地进行配置。因此，为了方便而不是限制，这里不再重复容器30、保持机构80和定位块85的定位块85的特征和特性。
根据一个方面，定位装置10和定位装置110可以通过注塑形成整体结构，其具有在第一轴平面中的第一组聚能射孔弹容器和在第二轴平面中的第二组聚能射孔弹容器。图17大体上示出了位于射孔枪模块200中时的整体的定位装置10和定位装置110。
定位装置110还包括在定位装置110的整个长度上延伸的细长腔/内腔40。细长腔40从第一端部22延伸到第二端部24，邻近每个聚能射孔弹容器30，并被配置成用于接收和保持雷管50。
图10示出了位于细长腔40中的雷管50。雷管50被配置成响应于引爆信号而同时引爆聚能射孔弹120。如上所述，雷管50可以是无线推入式雷管。定位装置110的雷管50可以基本上像上文参照图1-2所述的定位装置10的雷管50那样地配置，因此为了方便而不是限制，在下文中不再重复用于定位装置10的雷管50的各种特征。
定位装置110的雷管50包括雷管头52和雷管主体54，与每个聚能射孔弹120能量地连接。细长腔40可以是阶梯状或具有轮廓，以接收雷管50的头部52和主体54。根据一个方面并且如图10所示，细长腔40包括第一腔42和从第一腔42延伸的第二腔44。第一腔42从定位装置110的第一端部22延伸并与其相邻，而第二腔44从第一腔42朝着第二端部24延伸。第一腔42大于第二腔44，并被配置成用于接收雷管头52，而第二腔44被配置成用于接收雷管主体54。
根据一个方面，定位装置110可以配备有用于将定位装置保持在射孔枪模块200中的预选位置的装置。定位装置110可包括至少一个从定位装置110向外延伸的肋/翅片160。图3示出的肋160从定位装置110径向延伸，并布置在定位装置110的第一端部22与聚能射孔弹保持器20之间。肋160的长度可以彼此基本相等，肋160可以被配置成与射孔枪模块200的内表面接合，如例如图8-11所示。
定位装置110还可包括至少部分地围绕定位装置110延伸的板70。板70可以被设置/布置在第一端部22和肋160之间。图3示出了从板70的外围边缘72延伸的突出部/防旋转键74。突出部74可被配置成将定位装置110固定在射孔枪模块200内，并防止定位装置110和聚能射孔弹支架20在射孔枪模块200内旋转。如图8-11和图12B所示，突出部74可被配置成与射孔枪模块200的壳体210的内表面220(或狭槽222)接合，这有助于确保聚能射孔弹120相对于射孔枪模块200保持在它们各自的位置。根据一个方面，确定板70的大小和尺寸以捕获由多个聚能射孔弹120爆轰产生的碎屑。如图3所示，板70具有比肋160更大的表面积，从而使得板70能够与聚能射孔弹保持器20和肋160中的至少一个一起塌陷，并捕获由聚能射孔弹120的爆轰产生的任何碎屑，从而减少了可能需要从井眼取出的数量(即，单个碎屑的数量)。
定位装置110还包括从定位装置110向外且沿周向延伸的盘25。该盘布置在第一端部22和板70之间，并且如图8和图9所示，可以帮助形成用于雷管头52的隔离室280。隔离室280可以保护和隔离雷管50，使其免受脱落金属颗粒、碎片、机加工金属屑和粉尘的损失，或者大大减少雷管头52与这些的暴露，这些暴露可能会对雷管50的功能产生负面影响并导致系统中电短路。
根据一个方面，定位装置110的一个或多个部件可以配置成具有通道28。通道28可以形成在盘25(图12B)、板70(图12B)和主体20的第二端部24(图3和4)中的至少一个中。通道28接收并引导馈通导线/电线260从雷管50到定位装置110的第二端部，其中导线260接触隔板组件/可旋转隔板组件230。
如图8-11和图12B所示，接地棒90可以布置在定位装置110上或以其他方式连接到定位装置110。接地棒90在第一端部22和板70之间固定到定位装置110上。根据一个方面，在接地棒90和板70之间，支撑构件82从定位装置110延伸。支撑构件82被配置成防止接地棒90沿着聚能射孔弹保持器20的中心Y轴移动，以确保接地棒90能够接触相邻的射孔枪模块的一部分。图14更详细地示出了接地棒90。接地棒90可包括：布置在中心的开口92，其具有多个接合机构93；以及一个或多个狭槽94，以有助于将接地棒90固定到定位装置110上，并且有助于使接地棒90与相邻的射孔枪模块接合。根据一个方面，接地棒90由冲压的、激光切割的或喷水切割的金属片形成。接地棒90可以由不锈钢、黄铜、铜、铝或任何其他可以被冲压和再加工、水射流切割或激光切割的导电片材中的至少一种形成。
根据一个方面，并且如至少图4、11和17所示，定位装置110可连接到射孔枪模块200的相邻装置或部件。在一个实施方式中，第一端部22和第二端部24中的至少一个包括多个沿着聚能射孔弹保持器20的中心Y轴延伸的连接器26。连接器26提供定位装置110与包括相应连接器的相邻定位装置、相邻聚能射孔弹保持器和间隔物中的至少一个之间的模块化连接。定位装置110的连接器26可以被配置成基本上像上文参照图1-2所述的定位装置10的连接器26那样，因此为了方便而非限制，在此不再重复定位装置10的连接器26的各种特征。
在一个实施方式中，如图11所示，聚能射孔弹120是第一组聚能射孔弹，在与定位装置110连接的分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’中支撑着第二组聚能射孔弹120’。在图1-2所示的定位装置10中可以包括分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’。分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’包括在分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’的第一和第二端部22、24之间延伸的多个聚能射孔弹容器30。容器30在XZ平面中围绕分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’的中心Y轴径向布置，每个容器30保持一个聚能射孔弹120’。
细长腔40从分开的聚能射孔弹支架20’的第一端部22延伸到第二端部24，并被配置成用于在其中保持爆轰扩展器55。根据一个方面，爆轰扩展器55包括导爆索或扩爆器56。如图11所示，当定位装置110连接到分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’时，爆轰扩展器55被配置成抵接雷管主体54的端部并且从定位装置110的细长开口40延伸到分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’的细长开口40中，因此，爆轰扩展器邻近分开的聚能射孔弹120’的起爆点331。爆轰扩展器55邻近在分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’的聚能射孔弹容器中形成的多个开口34。当雷管50引爆时，来自雷管50的爆轰能量同时引爆第一组聚能射孔弹中的聚能射孔弹120和爆轰扩展器55。然后，爆轰扩展器55产生爆轰波，其同时引爆第二组聚能射孔弹120’。一旦所有聚能射孔弹120、120’爆轰，定位装置110和分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’就形成了所得的团块111(图13A-13B)，并限制了经聚能射孔弹爆轰产生的碎屑量。
根据一个方面，与图1-5所示的前述定位装置10/110一起使用的聚能射孔弹120可以被特别地配置成固定在上文所述的聚能射孔弹保持器20/20’(统称聚能射孔弹保持器20)中。根据一个方面并且如图6所示，用于定位装置110和聚能射孔弹保持器20中的至少一个的聚能射孔弹120包括大致圆柱形/圆锥形的壳体310。圆锥形壳体310包括：敞开的前端320；后壁330，其具有延伸穿过它的起爆点331；以及至少一个圆柱形侧壁340，其在敞开的前端320和后壁330之间延伸。
聚能射孔弹120还包括由侧壁340和后壁330限定的腔322。炸药射孔弹324布置在腔322内。根据一个方面，炸药射孔弹324包括：季戊四醇四硝酸酯(PETN)、环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)、八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑辛/环四亚甲基-四硝胺(HMX)、2,6-双(苦氨基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶/苦氨基二硝基吡啶(PYX)、六硝基茋(HNS)、三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)和PTB(PYX和TATB的混合物)中的至少一种。根据一个方面，炸药射孔弹324包括二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)。炸药射孔弹可包括PYX和三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)的混合物。所使用的炸药材料的类型可以至少部分地基于井眼中的操作条件和炸药可能暴露的井下温度。
如图6所示，药型罩326设置为邻近炸药射孔弹324。药型罩326被配置成用于将炸药射孔弹324保持在腔322内。在图6所示的示例性实施方式中，药型罩326具有圆锥形构造，但是，可以想到，药型罩326可以具有与本公开一致的任何已知构造。药型罩326可以由基于要穿透的目标所选择的材料制成，并且可以包括例如但不限于被压缩以形成所期望的药型罩形状的多种粉末状金属或金属合金。示例性粉末状金属和/或金属合金包括铜、钨、铅、镍、青铜、钼、钛及其组合。在一些实施方式中，药型罩326由成形的固体金属片制成，而不是由压缩粉末状的金属和/或金属合金制成。在另一个实施方式中，药型罩326由非金属材料例如玻璃、水泥、高密度复合材料或塑料制成。在共同拥有的美国专利No.9,862,027中进一步描述了典型的药型罩成分和形成技术，在与本公开内容一致的程度上，该专利通过整体引用并入本文。聚能射孔弹120被引爆时，炸药射孔弹324爆轰并产生爆轰波，使药型罩326塌陷并从聚能射孔弹120排出。被排出的药型罩326产生向前高速移动的射流。
根据一个方面，圆柱形侧壁部分340包括：从后壁330的平坦表面332向外延伸的第一壁342、从第一壁342向外延伸的第二壁344、以及从第二壁344朝着敞开的前端320向上延伸的第三壁346。第三壁346从第二壁344延伸到敞开的前端320时，其宽度可以是均匀的。
接合构件350从侧壁340的外表面341向外延伸。如图6所示，接合构件350在邻近第二壁344的位置处从第一壁342延伸。如图5所示，接合构件350可以被配置成用于在定位装置10/110的聚能射孔弹保持器20内与聚能射孔弹120连接。在一个实施方式中，第一壁342和第二壁344中的至少一个包括围绕侧壁340沿周向延伸的凹槽/凹陷352。凹槽352从壳体310的侧壁340朝着腔322向内延伸。凹槽352可被配置成接收定位装置10/110或聚能射孔弹保持器20的一个或多个保持机构80，从而将聚能射孔弹120牢固地固定到定位装置10/110或聚能射孔弹保持器20上。
根据一个方面，基于要使用聚能射孔弹120的应用的需要，聚能射孔弹120的尺寸可以是任何尺寸。例如，聚能射孔弹120的圆锥形壳体310的尺寸可设定成接收约3g至约6lg的炸药射孔弹324。如本领域普通技术人员会理解的，药型罩326的口径/直径可以基于圆锥形壳体310和炸药射孔弹324的尺寸来确定，药型罩326将被布置在它们之上。因此，即使在定位装置10/110中使用三个(3)聚能射孔弹(即三发组件)时，在定位装置10/110中对聚能射孔弹120进行布置并结合着调整聚能射孔弹120的尺寸，可以提供与具有4、5、6个聚能射孔弹的典型组件/击发载体等同的击发性能(并提供等同的流体流量)。
本公开的实施方式还涉及射孔枪模块200。射孔枪模块200包括由预锻金属坯料/型材形成的壳体/子组件/单体子组件210。壳体210可以具有小于大约12英寸，或者小于大约9英寸，或者小于大约8英寸的长度L1。根据一个方面，因为射孔枪模块200不需要使用分开的串联接头适配器来连接或密封多个射孔枪模块200，所以可以减小壳体210的长度。
壳体210包括：第一壳体端部212、第二壳体端部214、以及从第一壳体端部212向第二壳体端部214延伸的室216。壳体210可配置有螺纹，以便于将一串射孔枪模块200连接在一起。根据一个方面，壳体210的在第一壳体端部212处的内表面220包括多个内螺纹22la，壳体210的外/外部表面224在第二壳体端部214处包括多个外螺纹22lb。多个壳体210可以经由螺纹221、22lb可旋转地彼此连接。可以使用多个密封机构例如O形圈270，将射孔枪200的壳体210密封起来，免得相邻射孔枪的壳体内容物以及外部环境物质(井眼中的流体)进入室216。
如图10所示，第一壳体端部212具有第一宽度W1，第二壳体端部214具有第二宽度W2，室216具有内径ID。第二宽度W2可以小于第一宽度W1，并且室216的内径ID可以与第二宽度W2基本相同。如图9所示，例如，射孔枪200的壳体210的第二壳体端部214可旋转地固定在相邻射孔枪200’的壳体的第一壳体端部212内(即，室内)。根据一个方面，第二壳体端部214被配置成固定在相邻的射孔枪组件200’的室内，并且第一壳体端部212被配置成将另一个相邻的射孔枪模块的第二壳体端部固定。
根据一个方面，在壳体210的室216中可以固定一个或多个定位装置10/110。定位装置10/110可以基本上如上文所述且如图1-5所示那样地配置。因此，为了方便而不是限制，下面不详细重复定位装置10/110的特征和功能。
如图8-10所示，并且根据一个方面，定位装置110的第一端部22邻近第一壳体端部212。在室216内，装置110的肋160与壳体210的内表面220接合，从而防止装置在室216内上下移动。
如图8-11所示，定位装置110的板70有助于将定位装置110进一步固定在壳体210中。板70包括从板70的外围边缘72延伸的突出部74。如图12A-12B所示，突出部74可以置于在壳体210的内表面220上形成的狭槽222中。图7示出了从第一壳体端部212延伸到室216中的狭槽。板70的突出部74接合狭槽222，将定位装置110固定在射孔枪200内，并防止定位装置110以及聚能射孔弹支架20在射孔枪模块200内发生不希望的旋转。如上所述，经聚能射孔弹120爆轰，板70和聚能射孔弹保持器20被配置成捕获由聚能射孔弹120爆轰产生的碎屑。经聚能射孔弹120爆轰被捕获的碎屑、板70和聚能射孔弹保持器20形成团块/所得的团块111(图13A)。如图13B所示，所得的团块111被保持在壳体210的室216中。所得的团块111包括：经聚能射孔弹爆轰产生的弹片和碎屑、以及任何其他导线(例如贯通导线260)或先前放置或容纳在壳体210中的部件。
壳体210还包括从第二壳体端部214朝着室216延伸的凹部/插口(mortise)218。凹部218从第二壳体端部214朝着室216部分地变细，并被配置成容纳相邻的定位装置110的雷管50的雷管头52。如图9所示，例如，相邻的射孔枪200的定位装置110的盘25覆盖凹口218的一部分，从而形成用于雷管头52的隔离室280。根据一个方面，当壳体210具有小于大约8英寸的长度L1时，凹口218可以具有小于大约2英寸的长度L2。
隔板组件230可以位于室216(即，邻近定位装置110的第二端部24)和凹口218之间。根据一个方面，隔板组件230是可旋转的隔板组件。这种隔板组件在DynaEnergeticsGmbH&Co KG共同拥有并受让的美国专利号9,784,549中有所描述，该专利在此通过整体引用并入本文。
隔板组件包括具有第一端部233和第二端部234的隔板主体232。金属接触插头/金属触头250邻近隔板主体232的第一端部233，而面向井下的插塞236从隔板主体232的第二端部234延伸。射孔枪模块200进一步包括经由雷管头52的出线部分从雷管50延伸到金属接触插头250的馈通导线260。金属接触插头250被配置成将馈通导线260固定到隔板组件230的第一端部233。根据一个方面，金属接触插头250提供与隔板组件230的电接触，而面向井下的插塞236被配置成将电信号从隔板组件230传递到相邻的射孔枪模块200’的雷管50’。
图8-11示出了固定在凹口218内的套环240。套环240邻近隔板组件230的第二端部234。根据一个方面，套环240包括外螺纹242(图10)，其被配置成与壳体210的凹部218接合或可旋转地固定在壳体210的凹部218中。当套环240固定在凹口218中时，隔板组件230也由此固定在壳体210中。
如图15、16A、16B和17所示，当多个/一串射孔枪模块200彼此连接时，固定在定位装置110上的接地棒90与壳体210的内表面220接合以提供安全可靠的来自雷管50’的电接地接触(见图9)，并且还与相邻的射孔枪模块200的第二端部214接触。射孔枪模块200的每个定位装置110的支撑构件82可以防止接地棒90沿着聚能射孔弹支架20的中心Y轴移动，并有助于促进接地棒与相邻的射孔枪模块200’的第二端部的接触。
虽然图15、16A和16B示出了各包括一个定位装置110的射孔枪模块200，可以想到的是，射孔枪模块可以被配置成接收多于一个的定位装置110或者上文中参照图1-2描述的聚能射孔弹保持器20的定位装置10。图17示出了一个实施方式，其中，图3的定位装置110与图1-2的定位装置10或分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20连接或连接在一起并固定在射孔枪模块200的壳体210中。如上文参照图11所描述的，分开的聚能射孔弹保持器20’的细长腔40保持爆轰扩展器55。爆轰扩展器55从定位装置110的细长开口延伸到分开的聚能射孔弹支架20’的细长开口中。来自雷管50的爆轰能量同时引爆第一组聚能射孔弹中的聚能射孔弹120并引爆爆轰扩展器55，并且来自爆轰扩展器55的爆轰波同时引爆保持在聚能射孔弹保持器20’或分开的定位装置10中的第二组聚能射孔弹120’。
本公开的实施方式可以进一步涉及制造包括定位装置的射孔枪组件的方法。该方法包括提供一种定位装置，该定位装置由注塑、浇铸或3D打印的塑料材料制成，或者从固体塑料棒料3D铣削和切割而成。定位装置可以基本上如图1-3所示那样配置。射孔枪模块的壳体是由固体材料(例如金属块或可机加工钢块)预锻而成的。金属块可以具有与壳体的所期望横截面形状大致对应的横截面。例如，如果需要圆柱形壳体，则金属块可以具有圆柱形形状。根据一个方面，壳体由固体金属棒加工而成。与典型的CNC加工程序(在加工前没有将主体预锻成某种形状)相比，在加工过程中不需要去除的金属较少。这可以减少制造壳体所花费的时间，并减少在制造过程中产生的金属屑的量。该方法还包括将定位装置布置在壳体的室内，以使得聚能射孔弹围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的中心Y轴，以径向朝外的布置位于XZ平面中。
本公开的实施方式还可涉及在井眼中使用射孔枪组件对地下地层射孔的方法。该方法包括选择/识别用于地下地层的目标击发区域。可以基于多个参数，如从地层到井眼的期望流体流，来选择目标击发区域。射孔枪组件包括一个或多个射孔枪模块，射孔枪模块包括定位装置，定位装置具有固定在其中的多个聚能射孔弹。定位装置位于模块的壳体的室内。基本上如上文参照附图所描述的那样配置定位装置和射孔枪模块。因此，为了方便而不是限制，在此不再重复那些特征。
定位装置包括固定在其中的多个聚能射孔弹。根据一个方面，三个聚能射孔弹位于定位装置中。聚能射孔弹可以围绕聚能射孔弹保持器的Y轴以径向朝外的布置位于XZ平面中。根据一个方面，对聚能射孔弹进行特殊设计，以使得经聚能射孔弹爆轰形成的射孔射流具有至少部分改变的几何形状。可以修改聚能射孔弹的内表面、药型罩的几何形状和/或药型罩的成分、以及炸药射孔弹中的至少一个，以改变经聚能射孔弹爆轰形成的射孔射流的形状。雷管位于聚能射孔弹保持器的中央，以使其邻近或将要邻近聚能射孔弹的起爆点。
该方法还包括将射孔枪组件定位在与地层邻近的井眼中，并将引爆信号发送至雷管。雷管直接引爆聚能射孔弹，使它们各自形成射流。所得的射孔射流在地层中产生具有上述改变了的几何形状的射孔孔道，该几何形状利于流量或水力压裂，等同于通常利用不同尺寸或组成的另一种聚能射孔弹来利于流量或水力压裂。该方法还包括将流体注入井眼以使地层破裂。如上文所述，三个聚能射孔弹的击发性能可等同于传统的包括2、4、5、6或更多个聚能射孔弹的聚能射孔弹载体的击发性能。这可有助于以经济有效的方式调节目标地层中流体的最佳流动路径，而无需改变定位装置的容器的布置或数量。
实例
根据本公开的实施方式，制造并测试了包括定位装置和聚能射孔弹的各种射孔枪组件。在表1所示的实例中，爆轰后的聚能射孔弹以及总平均击发面积入口孔直径，是基于经聚能射孔弹爆轰由射孔射流形成的最小和最大孔直径。
表1
每个被测试的聚能射孔弹(测试结果列于表1中)都包括：大致圆柱形/圆锥形的壳体、装在壳体的空腔内的炸药射孔弹、以及与炸药射孔弹邻近设置的药型罩。样品A-1、B-1、C-1、E-1和D-1都是每个0.35英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹。在样品A-1中，在传统的射孔弹载体中布置两个(2)聚能射孔弹。在样品B-1中，在传统的射孔弹载体中布置三个(3)聚能射孔弹。样品C-1，在传统的射孔弹载体中布置四个(4)聚能射孔弹。在样品D-1中，在传统的射孔弹载体中布置五个(5)聚能射孔弹。在样品E-1中，在传统的射孔弹载体中布置六个(6)聚能射孔弹。在样品A-2、B-2、C-2、D-2和E-2的每一个中，在基本上如上所述地构造的定位装置中布置三个(3)聚能射孔弹。样品A-2中的聚能射孔弹为0.30英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹，样品B-2中的聚能射孔弹为0.35英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹，样品C-2中的聚能射孔弹为0.40英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹，样品D-2中的聚能射孔弹为0.45英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹，并且样品E-2中的聚能射孔弹为0.50英寸的等入口孔聚能射孔弹。值得注意的是，仅通过调整样品A-2、B-2、C-2、D-2和E-2中使用的三个(3)聚能射孔弹的尺寸，并由此调整由每个定位装置中的聚能射孔弹所产生的入口孔的有效尺寸，组件能够产生的总开口面积/开口表面积类似于包括两个聚能射孔弹(样品A-l)、三个聚能射孔弹(样品B-l)、四个聚能射孔弹(样品C-1)、五个聚能射孔弹(样品D-1)和六个聚能射孔弹(样品E-2)的传统射孔弹载体的总开口面积。
在各种实施方式、构造和方面中，本公开包括基本上如本文所描绘和描述的那样开发的组件、方法、过程、系统和/或设备，包括各种实施方式、子组合及其子集。在理解本公开之后，本领域技术人员将理解如何制造和使用本公开。本公开在各种实施方式、构造和方面中包括，在没有本文或其各种实施方式、构造或方面中未描绘和/或描述的项目的情况下，包括在没有可能在以前的装置或过程中已经使用了的那些项目的情况下，例如用于提高性能、实现简易性和/或降低实施成本，提供装置和过程。
短语“至少一个”、“一个或多个”以及“和/或”是开放式表达，它们在操作中既是合取式又是析取式。例如，“A、B和C中的至少一个”、“A、B或C中的至少一个”、“A、B和C中的一个或多个”、“A、B或C中的一个或多个”以及“A、B和/或C”中的每一个表达都表示：单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起、或A和B和C一起。
在本说明书和所附的权利要求书中，将参考具有以下含义的多个术语。术语“一”(或“一个”)和“该”指的是所述实体中的一个或多个，因此除非上下文中另有明确规定，否则包括复数个指示物。因此，术语“一”、(或“一个”)、“一个或多个”和“至少一个”在本文中可以互换使用。此外，对“一个实施方式”、“一些实施方式”、“一实施方式”等的引用不旨在被解释为排除也包含所述特征的其他实施方式的存在。如在整个说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，近似语言可以用于修改可以允许变化的任何定量表示，而不会导致与之相关的基本功能的改变。因此，由诸如“约”之类的术语修饰的值不限于所指定的精确值。在某些情况下，近似语言可以对应于用于测量该值的仪器的精度。诸如“第一”、“第二”、“上”、“下”等术语用于将一个要素区别于另一个要素，除非另有说明，否则不意味着指代要素的特定顺序或数量。
如本文所使用的，术语“可以”和“可能是”表示在一组情况下发生的可能性；拥有指定的性质、特征或功能；和/或通过表达与限定的动词相关的能力、容量或可能性中的一个或多个来限定另一个动词。因此，“可以”和“可能是”的使用表示所修饰的项目对于表示的容量、功能或用法是显然适合的、能够的或适合的，同时考虑到在某些情况下所修饰的项目有时可能不合适、不能够或不适当。例如，在某些情况下可以预期事件或能力，而在其他情况下则该事件或能力不能发生，这种区别被术语“可以”和“可能是”捕捉。
如权利要求书中所使用的，单词“包括”及其语法变体在逻辑上也对着并且包括变化的和不同的程度的短语，例如但不限于，“基本上由...组成”和“由...组成”。必要时提供了范围，并且这些范围包括它们之间的所有子范围。可以预期，本领域的技术人员将由此想到这些范围内的变化，并且，在尚未属于公众的情况下，所附权利要求书应涵盖这些变化。
本文所使用的术语“确定”、“计算”和“算出”及其变体可互换使用，并且包括任何类型的方法、过程、数学运算或技术。
为了说明和描述的目的，已经给出了本公开的前述讨论。前述内容并非旨在将本公开限制为本文公开的一种或多种形式。例如，在前述的详细描述中，出于简化本公开的目的，在一个或多个实施方式、构造或方面中，将本公开的各种特征组合在一起。本公开的这些实施方式、构造或方面的特征可以在以上讨论的那些之外的替代实施方式、构造或方面中组合。本公开的方法不应被解释为反映以下意图：本公开需要比每个权利要求中明确叙述的特征更多的特征。而是，如所附权利要求所反映的，所要求保护的特征少于单个前述公开的实施方式、构造或方面的所有特征。因此，所附权利要求据此被结合到该详细描述中，其中每个权利要求独立地作为本公开的单独实施方式。
科学和技术的进步可能使得由于语言的不精确性而现在没有考虑的等同和替代成为可能；这些变化应被所附权利要求覆盖。本书面描述使用实施例来公开包括最佳模式的方法、机器和计算机可读介质，并且还使本领域的任何技术人员能够实践这些，包括制造和使用任何装置或系统以及执行任何所包含的方法。其可专利范围由权利要求限定，并且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其他实施例。如果这样的其他实施例具有与权利要求的字面语言没有不同的结构要素，或者如果它们包括与权利要求的字面语言没有实质性差异的等效结构要素，则它们要在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种定位装置，包括：
聚能射孔弹保持器，其包括多个聚能射孔弹容器和沿所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线延伸的内腔，其中所述聚能射孔弹容器从所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线径向延伸并位于第一单轴平面内，而且每个容器都被配置成接收一个所述聚能射孔弹；以及
无线推入式雷管，其邻近每个所述聚能射孔弹容器地设置在所述内腔中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其中每个所述聚能射孔弹容器都保持所述聚能射孔弹，使得所述聚能射孔弹的基部与所述雷管对准并且冲击连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其中所述聚能射孔弹容器彼此径向错开约60°至约180°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，还包括下述项中的至少一个：
将所述聚能射孔弹固定到所述聚能射孔弹保持器的多个保持机构；以及
用于引导所述聚能射孔弹的放置的多个聚能射孔弹定位块，
其中所述保持机构和所述聚能射孔弹定位块邻近每个所述聚能射孔弹容器地从所述聚能射孔弹保持器向外延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其中所述雷管直接引爆所述聚能射孔弹保持器中的所述聚能射孔弹。
6.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其中所述定位装置是一组射孔枪模块的一部分，其不需要接头适配器来连接相邻的枪模块。
7.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，还包括：
第二单轴平面中的第二多个聚能射孔弹容器，其从所述第一单轴平面中的所述多个聚能射孔弹容器轴向错开，其中
所述第二多个聚能射孔弹容器从所述中心轴线径向延伸，并且
所述第二多个聚能射孔弹容器中的聚能射孔弹由所述雷管和爆轰扩展器中的一个来引爆。
8.根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其中所述定位装置由选自下述项中的材料形成：注塑材料、浇铸材料或3D打印的塑料材料、3D铣削的塑料材料、以及从固体塑料棒料切出的材料。
9.一种定位装置，包括：
聚能射孔弹保持器，其包括多个聚能射孔弹容器和沿所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线延伸的内腔，其中所述聚能射孔弹容器从所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线径向延伸并且位于第一单轴平面内，而且每个容器都被配置成接收一个所述聚能射孔弹；
无线推入式雷管，其邻近每个所述聚能射孔弹容器地设置在所述内腔中；以及
在所述定位装置的第一端部与所述聚能射孔弹保持器之间，从所述定位装置向外延伸的至少一个肋。
10.根据权利要求9所述的定位装置，其中每个所述聚能射孔弹容器都保持所述聚能射孔弹，使得所述聚能射孔弹的基部与所述雷管对准并且冲击连通。
11.根据权利要求9所述的定位装置，其中所述聚能射孔弹容器彼此径向错开约60°至约180°。
12.根据权利要求9所述的定位装置，还包括：
在所述第一端部和所述肋之间至少部分围绕所述定位装置延伸的板，
其中所述板被配置成捕获所述多个聚能射孔弹爆轰所产生的碎屑。
13.根据权利要求9所述的定位装置，还包括：
一个或多个连接器，其用于将所述定位装置连接至包括相应连接器的相邻定位装置、相邻聚能射孔弹保持器和间隔物中的至少一个，
其中每个所述连接器都从所述定位装置的所述第一端部或第二端部沿着所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线延伸。
14.一种射孔枪模块，包括：
壳体，其包括第一壳体端部、第二壳体端部、以及从所述第一壳体端部延伸至所述第二壳体端部的室；以及
固定在所述室中的定位装置，其中所述定位装置包括：
第一端部和第二端部，其中所述第一端部与所述第一壳体端部相邻，所述第二端部与所述第二壳体端部相邻，
聚能射孔弹保持器，其在所述第一端部和所述第二端部之间延伸，并且包括多个聚能射孔弹容器和沿所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线延伸的内腔，其中所述聚能射孔弹容器从所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线径向延伸并且位于第一单轴平面内，而且每个容器都被配置成接收一个所述聚能射孔弹；以及
从所述定位装置延伸的至少一个肋，其中，所述肋与所述壳体的内表面接合；以及
无线推入式雷管，其邻近每个所述聚能射孔弹容器地设置在所述内腔中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的射孔枪模块，其中所述定位装置还包括：
至少部分围绕所述定位装置延伸的板，
其中所述板被配置成捕获所述聚能射孔弹爆轰所产生的碎屑，并且所述室被配置成保持由被捕获的所述碎屑形成的所得团块。
16.根据权利要求15所述的射孔枪模块，其中所述定位装置还包括：
从所述板的外围边缘延伸的突出部，
其中所述突出部被配置成与在所述壳体的内表面中形成的狭槽接合，以将所述定位装置固定在所述射孔枪内，并防止所述定位装置在所述射孔枪模块内旋转。
17.根据权利要求14所述的射孔枪模块，其中所述壳体包括：
从所述第二壳体端部向所述室延伸的凹部；以及
隔板组件，其位于所述室与所述凹部之间，所述隔板组件包括容纳电接触部件的隔板主体。
18.根据权利要求17所述的射孔枪模块，还包括：
邻近所述隔板主体的第一端部的金属接触插头，其中
所述金属接触插头被配置成提供与所述隔板组件的电接触，且
面向井下的插塞从所述隔板主体的第二端部延伸，所述面向井下的插塞被配置成将电信号从所述隔板组件传输到相邻射孔枪模块的雷管。
19.根据权利要求14所述的射孔枪模块，还包括：
固定到所述定位装置的接地棒，其中所述接地棒接触相邻射孔枪模块的一部分。
20.根据权利要求14所述的射孔枪模块，其中所述定位装置包括：
沿所述聚能射孔弹保持器的中心轴线延伸的一个或多个连接器，
其中所述连接器被配置成用于将所述定位装置连接到相邻聚能射孔弹保持器，包括
爆轰扩展器，其邻近第二单轴平面中的第二多个聚能射孔弹容器，其中所述爆轰扩展器被配置成从所述无线推入式雷管接收爆轰能量以引爆所述第二多个聚能射孔弹。
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| CN201980048132.2A Pending CN112840101A (zh) | 2018-07-17 | 2019-07-16 | 单射孔弹射孔枪 |
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| WO2020016644A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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| CN112840101A (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
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