CN112424177A - 一种用于制备沃替西汀和沃替西汀中间体的一锅式有机假催化c-h活化方法 - Google Patents
一种用于制备沃替西汀和沃替西汀中间体的一锅式有机假催化c-h活化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112424177A CN112424177A CN201980041114.1A CN201980041114A CN112424177A CN 112424177 A CN112424177 A CN 112424177A CN 201980041114 A CN201980041114 A CN 201980041114A CN 112424177 A CN112424177 A CN 112424177A
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- vortioxetine
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- acid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- YQNWZWMKLDQSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N vortioxetine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1N1CCNCC1 YQNWZWMKLDQSAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 229960002263 vortioxetine Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000010499 C–H functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VRVRGVPWCUEOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminothiophenol Chemical group NC1=CC=CC=C1S VRVRGVPWCUEOGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TXFLGZOGNOOEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl)amine Chemical compound ClCCNCCCl TXFLGZOGNOOEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- -1 MOR Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- BUNKQJAMHYKQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(I)C(C)=C1 BUNKQJAMHYKQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- BJHMYQKFVFJZDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1N BJHMYQKFVFJZDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SSC1=CC=CC=C1 GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- RZPOOESYSIRGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanylaniline;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1N RZPOOESYSIRGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 5
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol Substances OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IRUFDSWWLZEUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)iodanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1[I+]C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C IRUFDSWWLZEUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001503 aryl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GJWSUKYXUMVMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C)CCC=C(C)C GJWSUKYXUMVMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012955 diaryliodonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005520 diaryliodonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium periodate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UWTATZPHSA-N (2r)-2-chloropropanoic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](Cl)C(O)=O GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N (S)-camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMNLXDDJGGTIPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S)C(C)=C1 AMNLXDDJGGTIPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNMGYFPLURRBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O.C(CO)NCCO HNMGYFPLURRBBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzenethiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1Br YUQUNWNSQDULTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZKCUKJDEBHPCTF-CYBMUJFWSA-N C[C@H](C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound C[C@H](C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZKCUKJDEBHPCTF-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camphoric acid Natural products CC1(C)C(C(O)=O)CCC1(C)C(O)=O LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=O VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930008398 Citronellate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N R-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/096—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/31—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/33—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having at least one of the nitrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C323/35—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having at least one of the nitrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the thio group being a sulfide group
- C07C323/37—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having at least one of the nitrogen atoms bound to a carbon atom of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the thio group being a sulfide group the sulfur atom of the sulfide group being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及通过高价碘化学采用新的一锅式有机‑假催化C‑H活化方法制备沃替西汀及其关键中间体的新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备可用作制备活性药物成分沃替西汀(Vortioxetine)的中间体的化合物的新方法。
背景技术
沃替西汀是由Lundbeck开发的用于治疗抑郁症和焦虑症的药物。它在欧洲作为Brintellix销售,并且在美国作为Trintellix销售。沃替西汀在WO 2003/029232A1的实施例1e中公开。
现有技术中公开了许多用于制备沃替西汀的方法。
在WO2013102573中,根据方案1,在Pd催化剂的存在下,通过2-溴苯硫酚、1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯和哌嗪的混合物的反应来制备沃替西汀。
方案1
在WO2014161976中,提供了不同的合成方法,其中实现了组装两种芳族组分的可选方式。与方案1中所公开的方法相比,这是一个三步法,但是避免了使用昂贵的邻溴苯硫酚和Pd催化剂。式I的中间体化合物的前体,即,相应的硝基衍生物,是通过2,4-二甲基苯硫酚与邻硝基氯苯的烷基化反应而形成的。需要Fe催化将硝基还原为期望的芳族胺,以提供式I化合物的关键中间体。然后在游离芳族胺基团进行双烷基化之后提供沃替西汀。
方案2
期望改进现有技术中可用的制备沃替西汀的合成步骤,特别是保持简单且成本有效的试剂,同时使整个合成方法更短。
发明内容
本发明提供了利用基于高价碘化学的一锅式(one-pot)有机-假催化反应方法制备式I的化合物的新方法。式I的化合物是可用于合成沃替西汀(式II的化合物)的中间体。
方案3
本发明进一步提供了制备沃替西汀的改进方法,其包括根据本发明的新方法制备式I的化合物和将式I的化合物转化为式II的沃替西汀化合物。
定义
“酸”是指任何含有氢并在水或溶剂中离解以产生正氢离子的化合物,以及路易斯酸,其包括但不限于以下的酸,比如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、乙酸、三卤代乙酸(例如,三氟乙酸)、溴化氢、马来酸、磺酸(比如甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸和樟脑磺酸)、丙酸(例如(R)-氯丙酸)、邻氨甲酰苯甲酸(比如N-[(R)-1-(1-萘基)乙基]邻氨甲酰苯甲酸)、扁桃酸、酒石酸(比如D-或L-酒石酸和二苄基-L-酒石酸及其衍生物(比如二芳酰基酒石酸))、乳酸、樟脑酸、天冬氨酸、香茅酸等。因此,该术语包括弱酸,比如乙酸和硫化氢;强有机酸,比如甲磺酸,三氟乙酸等。
当在本文中使用时,“碱”包括在水中或溶剂中接受质子的氢氧化物或醇盐、氢化物或比如胺及其衍生物的化合物。因此,示例性碱包括,但不限于,碱金属氢氧化物和醇盐(即,MOR,其中M是碱金属,比如钾、锂或钠,并且R是如上所定义的氢或烷基,更优选地其中R是直链或支链C1-5烷基,因此包括但不限于氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钾、叔戊醇钾、氢氧化钠、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化锂等);其他氢氧化物,比如氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)或氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)、氢氧化钡(Ba(OH)2);碱金属氢化物(即,MH,其中M如上所定义,因此包括,但不限于,氢化钠、氢化钾和氢化锂);烷基化的二硅氮烷(alkylated disilazides),比如六甲基二硅氮烷钾和六甲基二硅氮烷锂;碳酸盐,比如碳酸钾(K2CO3)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、碳酸氢钾(KHCO3)和碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3);以及烷基氢氧化铵,比如四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)等。水性碱包括金属氢氧化物,例如,第1族/第2族金属比如Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca等的氢氧化物(例如,水性LiOH、NaOH、KOH等),烷基氢氧化铵和水性碳酸盐。非水性碱包括但不限于胺及其衍生物,例如,三烷基胺(例如Et3N、二异丙基乙胺等)和芳族胺(例如Ph-NH2、PhN(Me)H等);碱金属醇盐;碱金属氢化物;烷基化二硅氮烷;和非水碳酸盐。
具体实施方式
在第一实施方式中,本发明提供了制备式I的化合物的方法,该方法包括使其中R为氢或邻氨基苯硫酚基的式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应(方案4)。阴离子X源自芳基碘盐(IV)的制备,通常来自其制备中使用的酸,因此它是共轭碱。现有技术中已知有多种方法可用于制备那些化合物(见下文),并且阴离子X可选自与所述酸相关的大量的共轭碱。另外,可能的情况是,在另一种离子化合物的存在下,将制备的初始芳基碘盐进行阴离子交换。因此,阴离子X可以代表相对较大的阴离子多样性。优选地,阴离子X可以是卤素、甲苯磺酸盐、四氟化硼、三氟甲磺酸盐、高氯酸盐、三氟乙酸或乙酸的阴离子。
发明人惊奇地发现,邻二取代二芳基碘盐(IV)与式III的化合物反应,该式III的化合物可以是苯硫酚(R=H,式IIIa的化合物)或二硫化物(R=邻氨基苯硫酚基,式IIIb的化合物),以提供式I的化合物(方案4)。该反应提供了从容易获得且成本有效的起始原料获得式I的化合物的途径,从而避免了如现有技术中所公开的将硝基还原为胺的要求。同时,实现了将含胺部分直接附接到二甲基芳基底物上,而不需要使用昂贵的金属催化剂,比如现有技术所教导的Pd。
方案4
方案5
式III和式IV(未显示)的化合物之间反应的副产物是芳基碘盐的剩余部分,即1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(式V的化合物)。可以根据本发明有利地分离该副产物并用于制备新的式IV的化合物——根据现有技术,其是一个完善的步骤[Bielawksi等人,ChemistryOpen2014,3(1),pp 19-22和Monastyrskyi等人,J.Org.Chem.2015,80(5),pp 2513-2520]。这种特征使得整个方法相对于昂贵的含碘试剂(式IV化合物)是假催化的。
通式IV的二芳基碘盐可以根据完善的现有技术步骤制备。Merritt A.,Olofsson B.的综述“Diaryliodonium salts:A journey from Obscurity to Fame”,Ang.Chemie Int.Ed.2009,48,9052,除其他主题外,描述了这种化合物的各种现有制备方法。所引用文件的内容通过引用并入本文。可以根据两种主要方法,经由预先形成的高价碘试剂或通过其中碘需要氧化的一锅式合成来制备二芳基碘盐。后者的重要特征是需要氧化剂。间氯过氧苯甲酸是一种常见的选择,但是最近的出版物尝试使用更环保的试剂,例如过氧化氢脲(Merritt,E.;Malmgren,J;Klinke,F;,Olofsson,B;“Synthesis ofDiaryliodonium Triflates Using Enviromentally Bening Oxidizing Agents”,Synlett 2009,14,2277)。在这种情况下,可以很好地设想其他有希望的氧化剂,例如TRIAZOX。
式III的化合物与式IV的化合物之间的反应是属于芳基碘盐的化学反应。它可以在碱和/或合适的添加剂存在下进行。作为一般原理,碱和/或任何其他合适的添加剂增强了硫原子的亲核特性。因此,碱和/或添加剂的选择除其他因素外还取决于底物(IIIa或IIIb)的性质。根据现有技术步骤(Krief等,Synlett 2006,3,p.484),强碱,比如氢化钠,可用于使硫醇部分去质子化。其他现有技术公开内容将不太强的碱(比如碳酸氢钠)与四(三苯基膦)钯组合使用,以便通过使高价碘盐与硫醇反应来制备芳基硫化物(Wang等人,Synthetic Communications 2001,31(8),1227)。在这种情况下,本发明采用了多种碱以进行反应。显然,在二硫化物底物IIIb的情况下,碱也被证明是有效的。另外,据报道,在IIIb的情况下也可以采用锌和氯化铝(Movassagh等人,Phosphorus,Sulfur,Silicon,2005,180,2275)。在本发明的情况下,碱和/或合适的添加剂的选择并不重要,并且可以通过技术人员的公知常识来实现。
反应介质可以选自极性非质子溶剂、非极性溶剂和深共熔溶剂(DES)。DES是由路易斯酸或布朗斯台德酸(acids)和碱的共熔混合物形成的系统,该混合物可含有多种阴离子和/或阳离子物种。它们被认为更环保,并具有有用的特性,比如低蒸气压和再循环的可能性。可以在Smith等的Chem.Rev.2014,114,11060中找到DES溶剂的综述。
在仍另一个优选实施方式中,R是氢并且式III的化合物是式IIIa的化合物。
在仍另一个优选实施方式中,R是邻氨基苯硫酚基并且式III的化合物为式IIIb的化合物。
在仍另一个优选实施方式中,上述包括式III和式IV的化合物之间的反应的方法进一步包括分离所得的副产物(式V化合物)。然后可以将式V的化合物再循环以再次提供式IV的化合物。
在第二实施方式中,本发明提供了用于制备式II的化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)使其中R是氢或邻氨基苯硫酚基的式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应;
b)将式I的化合物转化为式II的化合物,
其中X是如第一实施方式中所限定的阴离子。
根据现有技术中所公开的步骤可以实现式I的化合物转化为式II的化合物。转化也可以根据技术人员的常识来实现。
在WO2014161976中,通过使式I的化合物与2,2’-二氯二乙胺反应,将式I的化合物转化为式II的化合物。另外,可以替代地使用2,2'-二溴二乙胺或2,2'-亚氨基二乙醇二甲磺酸酯。
在WO2015155153中,通过用碘替换芳族胺,首先将式I的化合物转化为其相应的碘,并使该中间体在配体存在下与CuI和哌嗪反应以提供式II的化合物。
在WO2016125191中,首先将式I化合物转化为双烷基化的胺中间体(式N的化合物),然后将其转化为其相应的闭环衍生物(式M的化合物),并且如果需要,将胺基脱保护得到式II的化合物。
在EP3023417中,将式I化合物转化为双取代的中间体(式L的化合物,R为醛或羧基),其随后与式Q的化合物(Z为H或氨基保护基)反应以提供具有吡嗪环的相应的衍生物,并且如果需要,使胺基脱保护得到式II的化合物。
在CN104230852中,使式I的化合物与N,N-双(2-氯乙基)-4-甲基-苯磺酰胺反应,并将所得的中间体化合物从对甲苯酰磺酰基(p-toluolylsulfonyl)部分脱保护,以提供式II化合物。
在CN104829557中,通过使式I的化合物与2-氯-乙酰氯反应,然后与2-氨基乙醇反应并环化,将式I的化合物转化为式R的化合物。在还原条件下,式R的中间体化合物转化为式II的化合物。
因此,技术人员可以通过使用上述任何方法将式I的化合物转化为式II的化合物。
在优选实施方式中,步骤b是通过使式I的化合物与2,2'-二氯二乙胺和2,2'-二溴二乙胺和2,2'-亚氨基二乙醇二甲磺酸酯反应而进行的。
在仍另一个优选实施方式中,式III的化合物是式IIIa的化合物。
在仍另一个优选实施方式中,式III的化合物是式IIIb的化合物。
在进一步的实施方式中,本发明提供了式IV的化合物在制备式I的化合物的方法中的用途。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了式III的化合物在制备式Ⅰ的化合物的方法中的用途。
在仍另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了式IV的化合物在制备式II化合物的方法中的用途。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了式III的化合物在制备式II的化合物的方法中的用途。
在进一步的实施方式中,本发明提供了用于制备式II的化合物的方法,该方法包括使式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应以提供式I的化合物的步骤。
实施例
实施例1a
将间二甲苯(52mmol,6.4ml)溶于10ml硫酸和70ml冰醋酸中,并在搅拌下将所得的混合物温热至50-55℃。在保持相同温度的同时,在1.5小时内缓慢分批添加高碘酸钠(4.28g,20mmol)。继续搅拌,在相同温度下温热1.5小时。将冷却的最终混合物倾倒到搅拌的冰水(200g)中。过滤出所得的固体。将冷的滤液用乙醚(4×100ml)萃取,并除去醚萃取液(ethereal extracts)。将溴化钾(4.0g,33.6mmol)在水(20mL)中的溶液添加到剧烈搅拌的剩余水溶液中。1小时后,通过过滤收集沉淀的溴化二芳基碘(IVa),并用冷水充分洗涤晶体,直到滤液呈中性,在真空干燥器中干燥,以得到5.3g粗产物(IVa)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87-7.85(d,J=8,2Hz,2H),7.09(s,2H),6.89-6.87(d,J=8,2Hz,2H),2.58(s,6H),2.26(s,6H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ142.16,140.08,136.43,132.22,129.53,121.69,25.49,21.15
实施例1b
将碘(2.98g,11.8mmol)、间二甲苯(5.81ml,47.2mmol)和间氯过氧苯甲酸(6.12g,35.4mmol)添加到115.5二氯甲烷中。添加对甲苯磺酸一水合物(8.968g,47.2mmol),并将所得的混合物在回流条件下搅拌14小时。当TLC分析显示原料消耗时,中断加热,并在真空下浓缩反应混合物。然后将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到为黄色固体的化合物IVb(mp159-160℃)。
根据在Bielawksi等人,ChemistryOpen 2014,3(1),pp 19-22和Monastyrskyi等人,J.Org.Chem.2015,80(5),pp 2513-2520中所公开的现有技术步骤,1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯用于重新制备芳基碘盐(式IV的化合物)。
实施例2:由氨基苯硫酚IIIa合成式I的化合物
实施例2a
在高压釜中添加二芳基碘盐IVa(150mg,0.36mmol)和氢化钠在矿物油中的60%分散液(29mg,0.72mmol)。然后添加氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.077ml,0.72mmol)以及2.5ml四氢呋喃。搅拌混合物直到反应完成。
添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将组合的有机层经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到47mg的式I的化合物(57%产率)。还以定量收率分离了1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(88mg)。
实施例2b
在圆底烧瓶中添加二芳基碘盐IVa(150mg,0.36mmol)和氢化钠在矿物油中的60%分散液(29mg,0.72mmol)。然后添加氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.077ml,0.72mmol)以及2.5ml二甲基亚砜。搅拌混合物直到反应完成。
添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将组合的有机层经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到41mg的式I的化合物(50%收率)。还以86%收率分离了1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(72mg)。
实施例2c
在圆底烧瓶中添加二芳基碘盐IVa(150mg,0.36mmol)和氢化钠在矿物油中的60%分散液(29mg,0.72mmol)。然后添加氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.077ml,0.72mmol)以及2.5ml甲苯。搅拌混合物直到反应完成。
添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将组合的有机层经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到39mg的式I的化合物(47%收率)。还以定量收率分离了1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(88mg)。
实施例2d
在圆底烧瓶中添加二芳基碘盐IVa(0.15g,0.36mmol)和甲醇钠(39mg,0.72mmol)。然后添加氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.077ml,0.72mmol)以及2.5ml甲苯。搅拌混合物直到反应完成。
添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将组合的有机层经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到39mg的式I的化合物(47%收率)。还以92%的收率分离了1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(76mg)。
实施例2e
在圆底烧瓶中添加二芳基碘盐IVa(0.15g,0.36mmol)和甲醇钠(39mg,0.72mmol)。然后添加氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.077ml,0.72mmol)以及2.5ml甲苯。搅拌混合物直到反应完成。
添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用二氯甲烷萃取两次。将组合的有机层经硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到21mg的式I的化合物(25%收率)。还以56%的收率分离了1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯(47mg)。
实施例2f
在高压釜中,将二芳基碘盐IVb(0.1g,0.19mmol)和氨基苯硫酚IIIa(0.0203ml,0.19mmol)溶解在5ml 1,4-二恶烷中。在搅拌下添加三氟乙酸(0.056ml,0.76mmol)。将混合物在110℃搅拌直至反应完成。然后使反应混合物冷却至室温。添加DM水,并将所得的混合物用乙醚萃取三次。将组合的有机层用DM水洗涤并用硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂蒸出,并将残余物经硅胶进行色谱分析,以得到式I的化合物。
实施例3:由二硫烷IIIb合成式I的化合物
实施例3a
将DMSO(1ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的5ml密封管中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(2,2'-disulfanediyldianiline)(59.6mg,0.24mmol)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘IVa(200mg,0.48mmol)。此后,分批添加叔丁醇钾(67.3mg,0.6mmol),并将所得的反应混合物在40-45℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在80℃下加热。通过TLC监测反应进程。在反应完成(3h)后,将混合物冷却至室温,倾倒到水中并用10mL乙酸乙酯萃取。将组合的有机层用10ml盐水萃取两次。首先,将有机层用10ml 37%HCl洗涤两次。从有机相中回收1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯作为纯净产物(收率62%),而从水相中回收盐酸2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺。利用添加固体碳酸氢钠将水相的pH调节至7并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩以得到2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺作为纯净产物(收率99%)。
式I的化合物的光谱数据
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37-7.35(d,J=7,8Hz,2H),7.23-7.20(t,1H),7.01(s,1H),6.86-6.85(d,J=8,2Hz,1H),6.81-6.79(d,J=8,3Hz,1H),6.77-6.74(t,1H),6.72-6.71(d,J=7,8Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H),2.27(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ148.38,136.60,135.79,135.36,131.74,131.20,130.48,127.33,126.60,118.86,115.34,115.13,20.82,20.07。回收的1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯的光谱数据
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68-7.66(d,J=8,7Hz,1H),7.07(s,1H),6.71-6.69(d,J=8,1Hz,1H),2.40(s,3H),2.28(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ141.00,138.64,138.07,130.76,128.34,97.01,27.92,20.85。
实施例3b
将DMSO(2ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的5ml密封管中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(119mg,0.48mmol)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘IVa(400mg,0.96mmol)。此后,分批添加tBuOK(135mg,1.2mmol),并将所得的反应混合物在40-45℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在80℃下加热。在1h、2h和3h后,在用水和乙酸乙酯等分后处理后,通过在4/1环己烷/乙酸乙酯中进行TLC来检查反应物料。转化为目标产物的最大转化率为60%。
将反应混合物冷却至室温,倾倒到水中并用2×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取。将组合的有机层用2×10mL盐水萃取。将有机层用2×10ml 37%HCl洗涤。获得1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯作为纯净产物(160mg),而在水相中,存在盐酸2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺和2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫。利用添加固体NaHCO3将水相的pH调节至7并用2×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发以得到2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺I和2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(200mg)的混合物。
实施例3c
将DMSO(0.2ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的5ml圆底烧瓶中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(12mg,0.048mmol)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘IVa(40mg,0.096mmol)。此后,分批添加tBuOK(13.5mg,0.12mmol),并将所得的反应混合物在40-45℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在80℃下加热。在1h、2h和3h后,在用水和乙酸乙酯等分处理后,通过在4/1环己烷/乙酸乙酯中进行TLC来检查反应物料,转化为目标产物的最大转化率为60%。
实施例3d
将MeCN(0.2ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的5ml圆底烧瓶中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(12mg,0.048mmol)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘IVa(40mg,0.096mmol)。此后,分批添加tBuOK(13.5mg,0.12mmol),并将所得的反应混合物在40-45℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在80℃下加热。通过TLC监测反应进程。在1h、2h和3h后,在用水和乙酸乙酯等分处理后,通过在4/1环己烷/乙酸乙酯中进行TLC来检查反应物料,转化为目标产物的最大转化率为40%。
实施例3e
将DMSO(2ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的5ml密封管中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(59.6mg,0.24mmol)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘IVa(200mg,0.48mmol)。此后,分批添加tBuOK(67.3mg,0.6mmol),并将所得的反应混合物在40-45℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在80℃下加热。通过TLC监测反应进程。在1h、2h和3h后,通过在4/1环己烷/乙酸乙酯中进行TLC来检查反应物料。从反应物料中取出~100μl,并将其倾到到饱和盐水中。混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取,并发现有机层含有2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺和2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫的95∶5混合物。将反应混合物冷却至室温,倾到到10ml饱和盐水中并用2×10ml乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用2×10ml 9N HCl洗涤。在用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发后,获得1-碘-2,4二甲基苯作为纯净产物(80mg)。在水相中保留有盐酸2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺和2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫。添加固体NaHCO3将水相的pH调节至7,并用3×10ml乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发以得到97mg的2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺。
实施例3f
将DMSO(17ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的3颈圆底烧瓶中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(1.192g)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘(4.0g)。在40-45℃下在30分钟的时间段内分批添加tBuOK(1.344g)。然后将混合物在80℃下加热。通过TLC监测反应进程。在反应完成(3h)后,将混合物冷却至室温,倾到到50ml饱和盐水中并用2×40mL乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层组合,用3×50mL盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并将溶剂蒸出。
浓缩有机层以得到油状混合物。在搅拌下将氯化氢的乙醚溶液(8ml)与乙醚(20ml)一起添加到油状混合物中。沉淀出2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺盐酸盐,过滤并在真空下干燥(1.72g)。
滤液中有1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯和2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺作为游离碱。将滤液浓缩至干,并将氯化氢的乙醚溶液(8ml)与环己烷(50ml)一起添加到残余物中。沉淀出2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺盐酸盐。浓缩滤液以得到粗的1-碘-2,4-二甲基苯。
实施例3g
为了以下实施例的目的,根据ACIE 2014 53 23 5969中公开的步骤制备DES-脲,即,氯化胆碱:脲1:2的离子化合物。
将Des-脲(2ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的密封管中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(29.8mg)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘(100mg)。在40-45℃下在5分钟的时间段内分批添加tBuOK(33.65mg)。然后在80℃下加热混合物。通过TLC监测反应进程。在反应完成(3h)后,将混合物冷却时室温,并将其倾倒到饱和盐水中并用10mL乙酸乙酯萃取两次。将有机层组合,用10ml9N HCl洗涤两次,经硫酸钠干燥并将溶剂蒸出以提供26mg的1-碘-2,4二甲基苯作为粗油产物。水相包括盐酸2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺(式I的化合物的HCl盐)。添加固体NaHCO3将水相的pH调节至7,并用10ml乙酸乙酯重新萃取两次。将有机层组合,用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发以得到2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺作为粗油产物(48mg)。
实施例3h
为了以下实施例的目的,根据ACIE 2014 53 23 5969中公开的步骤制备DES-甘油,即,氯化胆碱:甘油1:2的离子化合物。
将Des-甘油(0.7ml)添加到含有搅拌棒的密封管中。向该烧瓶中添加2,2'-二(邻氨基)苯基二硫IIIb(29.8mg)和双(2,4-二甲基苯基)溴化碘(100mg)。在40-45℃下在5分钟的时间段内分批添加tBuOK(33.65mg),然后在80℃下加热混合物。通过TLC监测反应进程。在反应完成(3h)后,将混合物冷却至室温,将其倾倒到饱和盐水并用10mL乙酸乙酯萃取两次。将有机层组合,用10ml 9N HCl洗涤两次,经硫酸钠干燥并将溶剂蒸出以提供1-碘-2,4二甲基苯作为粗油产物(27mg)。水相包括盐酸2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺(式I的化合物的HCl盐)。添加固体NaHCO3将水相的pH调节至7,并用10ml乙酸乙酯萃取两次。将有机层组合,用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发溶剂以得到2-((2,4-二甲基苯基)硫代)苯胺作为粗油产物(46mg)。
Claims (11)
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中阴离子X选自卤素、甲苯磺酸盐、四氟化硼、三氟甲磺酸盐、高氯酸盐、三氟乙酸或乙酸的阴离子。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中步骤b是通过使式Ⅰ的化合物与2,2’-二氯二乙胺反应而进行的。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的方法,其中在式III的化合物与式IV的化合物之间的所述反应之后,分离式V的化合物。
8.式IV的化合物在制备式I的化合物的方法中的用途。
9.式III的化合物在制备式I的化合物的方法中的用途。
10.式III的化合物在制备式II的化合物的方法中的用途。
11.一种用于制备式II的化合物的方法,所述方法包括使式III的化合物与式IV的化合物反应以提供式I的化合物的步骤。
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