CN112376022B - 一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112376022B
CN112376022B CN202010978797.8A CN202010978797A CN112376022B CN 112376022 B CN112376022 B CN 112376022B CN 202010978797 A CN202010978797 A CN 202010978797A CN 112376022 B CN112376022 B CN 112376022B
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张灵杰
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Luoyang Kewei Molybdenum & Tungsten Co ltd
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    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
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    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C23C14/3414Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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Abstract

一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,具体为:步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经烧结、冷却、泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为2.0~3.0μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6~6.5μm,d(0,5)=14~15μm,d(0,9)=40~45μm;步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷射钼粉浆料后干燥,再经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材。本发明工艺简单,钼管内部结构均匀,无明显密度差距,烧结后旋转钼靶材坯料密度10.0g/cm3以上。

Description

一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于靶材技术领域,具体涉及一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法。
背景技术
伏太阳能电池用旋转钼靶材由于功能、服役条件、溅射设备的独特性,是一样完全不同于X射线旋转钼靶,对钼靶材的杂质含量、显微组织、规格尺寸有更高要求。钼金属由于具有良好的导电性能、耐蚀性能、高的光反射性能、高压缩应力以及与玻璃相近的热膨胀系数等特点,特被光伏太阳能电池行业选为优良的背电极材料。
光伏太阳能电池用旋转钼靶材,大约占钼靶材的70~80%,相对于钼平面靶材,旋转钼靶材的最大优点是较高的利用率。据世界最大溅射靶材供应商AMAT介绍,旋转式溅射靶材装置比采用平面式溅射靶材设备溅射靶的溅射装置更高的使用钼靶材。平面靶材的利用率为30~40%,而旋转靶材的利用率为80%以上。薄膜太阳能产业主要由CdTe碲化镉、CIS铜铟硒/CIGS铜铟镓硒、硅基薄膜三类太阳能电池组成,CIS 、CIS /CIGS电池玻璃板上溅射厚度0.5~1.5μm的钼背电极,对旋转钼靶在性能上要求很高。该领域基本被奥地利的普兰西、德国的斯达克和贺力氏、日本Tosho公司、日本的日立金属等国际巨头所垄断。但迄今为止,由于设备和技术的限制,国内仍没有专门生产钼溅射靶材的专业大公司,生产难以满足现有市场要求的旋转钼靶材,大量钼溅射靶材仍需从国外进口。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,用于木质纤维素的水解,本发明制备的固体酸的纳米尺度利于木质纤维素的水解,又具有磁性,可以方便的通过磁场与残渣分离回收,解决了木质纤维素水解过程中,水解效率低,催化剂难以回收的问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经烧结、冷却、泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为2.0~3.0μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6~6.5μm,d(0,5)=14~15μm,d(0,9)=40~45μm;
步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷射钼粉浆料后干燥,再经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;
步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材。
进一步优化,所述步骤一中两次装粉烧结具体方法为:
一次装粉,装入模具体积的三分之二量的钼粉,压制烧结,冷却;
二次装粉,将模具体积剩余三分之一量的钼粉装入磨具,二次压制烧结。
进一步优化,所述烧结时采用中频炉,烧结时炉内通入氢气,所述氢气通气量为4~8m3/h。
进一步优化,所述一次装粉后的挤压压力为140~160MPa,烧结温度为1350~1600℃,保温8~10h,二次装粉后的积压压力为180~200MPa,烧结温度为1950~2000℃,保温8~10h。
进一步优化,所述步骤二中钼粉浆料为钼粉和水按照质量比83~7:3~7的比例均匀混合物。
进一步优化,所述步骤二中的干燥采用真空干燥箱,干燥温度为70~85℃,保温24~36h。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明生产旋转钼靶材工艺简单,对设备要求不高,没有复杂的压力加工设备,生产出的旋转钼靶材密度>10.0g/cm3,而且显微组织细小均匀,结晶取向好;
2、钼粉装模具分为两次,两次装粉后进行轧制和烧结,其目的在于防止钼管在装粉过程中下部分由于上面钼粉压力密度较大,上部分密度小,产生下实上虚的现象,经过两次烧结后减小钼管上下两部分密度的差异;
3、旋转钼靶材生产过程中只有粉末冶金工序,没有复杂的压力加工工序,旋转钼靶材生产过程中产生的废料可在该工艺过程中得到利用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及创新点更加清楚明白,通过以下实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经烧结、冷却、泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为2.0μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6μm,d(0,5)=14μm,d(0,9)=40μm,其中两次装粉烧结具体方法为:
一次装粉,装入模具体积的三分之二量的钼粉,在压力为140MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为1350℃,保温8h,随炉冷却后取出;
二次装粉,将模具体积剩余三分之一量的钼粉装入一次装粉后的磨具中,在压力为180MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为1950℃,保温8h,随炉冷却后取出;
步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷涂钼粉浆料后放入真空干燥箱内干燥,干燥温度为70℃,保温24h,其中钼粉浆料为钼粉和水按照质量比85:3的比例均匀混合浆料,喷涂后经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;
步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材,旋转钼靶材坯料密度10.0g/cm3以上。
在本发明中,所述一次装粉和二次装粉过程中烧结时采用中频炉,烧结时炉内通入氢气,所述氢气通气量为4m3/h。
实施例2
一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经烧结、冷却、泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为2.5μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6μm,d(0,5)=14μm,d(0,9)=45μm,其中两次装粉烧结具体方法为:
一次装粉,装入模具体积的三分之二量的钼粉,在压力为150MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为1500℃,保温9h,随炉冷却后取出;
二次装粉,将模具体积剩余三分之一量的钼粉装入一次装粉后的磨具中,在压力为190MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为1980℃,保温9h,随炉冷却后取出;
步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷涂钼粉浆料后放入真空干燥箱内干燥,干燥温度为78℃,保温30h,其中钼粉浆料为钼粉和水按照质量比86:5的比例均匀混合浆料,喷涂后经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;
步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材。
在本发明中,所述一次装粉和二次装粉过程中烧结时采用中频炉,烧结时炉内通入氢气,所述氢气通气量为6m3/h,旋转钼靶材坯料密度10.0g/cm3以上。
实施例3
一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经烧结、冷却、泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为3.0μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6.5μm,d(0,5)=15μm,d(0,9)=45μm,其中两次装粉烧结具体方法为:
一次装粉,装入模具体积的三分之二量的钼粉,在压力为160MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为1600℃,保温10h,随炉冷却后取出;
二次装粉,将模具体积剩余三分之一量的钼粉装入一次装粉后的磨具中,在压力为200MPa下冷等静压压制,烧结温度为2000℃,保温10h,随炉冷却后取出;
步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷涂钼粉浆料后放入真空干燥箱内干燥,干燥温度为85℃,保温36h,其中钼粉浆料为钼粉和水按照质量比87:7的比例均匀混合浆料,喷涂后经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;
步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材。
在本发明中,所述一次装粉和二次装粉过程中烧结时采用中频炉,烧结时炉内通入氢气,所述氢气通气量为8m3/h,旋转钼靶材坯料密度10.0g/cm3以上。
以上显示和描述了本发明的工作过程、基本原理、主要特征和优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (4)

1.一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将钼粉分两次装入带模具的胶套内,经泄压脱模得钼管毛坯,其中钼粉纯度>99.96%,费氏粒度为2.0~3.0μm、粒度分布为单峰,正态分布,d(0,1)=6~6.5μm,d(0,5)=14~15μm,d(0,9)=40~45μm,两次装粉烧结具体方法为:
一次装粉,装入模具体积的三分之二量的钼粉,挤压压力为140~160MPa、烧结温度为1350~1600℃下压制烧结,保温8~10h后冷却;
二次装粉,将模具体积剩余三分之一量的钼粉装入磨具,挤压压力为180~200MPa、烧结温度为1950~2000℃下二次压制烧结,保温8~10h后冷却;
步骤二、烧结后钼管毛坯经过高温喷射钼粉浆料后干燥,再经过空气锤平直,得钼管坯料;
步骤三、平直后将钼管坯料进行精细加工得钼管靶材。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结时采用中频炉,烧结时炉内通入氢气,所述氢气通气量为4~8m3/h。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中钼粉浆料为钼粉和水按照质量比83~87:3~7的比例均匀混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种旋转钼管靶材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的干燥采用真空干燥箱,干燥温度为70~85℃,保温24~36h。
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