CN112335582A - Artificial breeding method for hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco Download PDFInfo
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- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N oxytocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001314343 Pseudobagrus Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, relates to the technical field of fish breeding, and is based on the existing pelteobagrus fulvidraco, full-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco and hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male and female pelteobagrus fulvidraco)
) The fishes in the family of the Pseudobagidae are susceptible to ichthyophthirius multiformis, Trichoderma reesei and Edwardsiella, and parasitic diseases and head splitting diseases are easy to outbreak in the artificial breeding process, so that a large number of death problems are caused. The invention adopts a hybrid combination (male parent fish and leiocassis longirostris)
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish seedling culture, in particular to an artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Background
Crossbreeding is an important fish breeding method, which utilizes varieties, strains or individuals with excellent properties to perform crossbreeding, so as to generate new excellent properties, enable offspring to obtain genetic improvement and enable available heterosis to appear. The yellow catfish belongs to the catfishes of the families of catfishes, the families of bagrus and the genus of yellow catfish, is delicious in meat quality and deeply favored by people, is resistant to hypoxia, but is small in size and slow in growth speed; leiocassis longirostris belongs to the order catiales, the family leiocassis, the genus Leiocassis, also known as leiocassis longirostris, river ball, fat Tuo, fat king fish and the like, and as famous and precious economic fish in China, the leiocassis longirostris has delicious meat, high growth speed and large individual, but has high requirements on water quality and water body dissolved oxygen. The yellow catfish and the leiocassis longirostris are fishes in the family of the Pseudobagidae, have close relationship and have certain complementary advantages.
Patent CN109566488A discloses an artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male pelteobagrus vachelli are selected as parents. Patent CN109673540A discloses a method for artificial mass propagation of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, wherein female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male pelteobagrus fulvidraco are selected as parents. Pseudobagrus fishes such as yellow catfish, full-male yellow catfish, hybrid yellow catfish (male yellow catfish and female yellow catfish) and the like are susceptible to ichthyophthirius multiformis, trichodina and edwardsiella, and parasitic diseases and head splitting diseases are easy to break out in the artificial breeding process, so that a large amount of death is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an artificial breeding method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, which has good breeding effect, high growth speed of hybrid offspring and strong parasite resistance.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
an artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following steps:
s1, parent screening: collecting wild pelteobagrus fulvidraco and wild leiocassis longirostris for genetic analysis, and selecting two groups with high genetic diversity as breeding basic groups; carrying out pairing propagation, carrying out group breeding to obtain a breeding core group with high genotype purity, carrying out artificial feeding and breeding, screening individuals with strong physique, no disease and no injury, appearance biological countable traits and measurable traits meeting the requirements of parents as parents, breeding to sexual maturity, carrying out positive and negative crossing tests, and finally taking leiocassis longirostris as male parents, pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco with the weight of 100-plus-150 g and male leiocassis longirostris with the weight of 3000-plus-4000 g;
s2, artificial induced spawning: when the water temperature of the water pool reaches 25 ℃, artificial spawning induction is implemented; the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco adopts a 2-time injection method, the 1 st injection is 30 percent of the total dosage of the oxytocin of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the 2 nd injection is 70 percent of the total dosage, and the time interval of the two injections is 12 hours; the injection time of the male leiocassis longirostris is synchronous with that of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco 2, and the injection amount is 50 percent of the total dosage of oxytocin for the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco; after oxytocin is injected, female and male fishes are temporarily raised in a water tank, and oxygen is added by an oxygen pump;
s3, artificial insemination: taking out the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the water pool, wiping the body surface and reproductive pores of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, pressing the abdomen of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and placing the eggs into a drying container; simultaneously, wiping the body surface of male leiocassis longirostris, cutting open the abdomen, taking out the testis, grinding the testis by using a grinding bowl, adding 0.3-0.4% of physiological saline, stirring and pouring into the container, uniformly mixing with egg granules, adding yellow mud water for debonding, and finally cleaning the fertilized eggs by using clear water for 2-3 times;
s4, artificial incubation: placing the obtained fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an aerated manner by running water, wherein the amount of the fertilized eggs in the incubation barrel is 75-90 ten thousand eggs/m3；
S5, seedling cultivation: draining pond water 15-20 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the pond, adding quicklime into the pond, sprinkling the quicklime into the pond, disinfecting the pond, draining the pond and exposing the pond to the sun, and thoroughly killing unclean fishes in the pond; injecting water 10 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the water bloom, and controlling the water depth to be 40-60 cm; fertilizing and culturing water 5 days before water is released to ensure that the breeding amount of the biological baits in the pond reaches a peak period when seedlings are released; after the fry is thrown, soybean milk is splashed for 2 times every day, and after 15 days, special microparticle initial feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is fed, and an oxygenation pump is started to oxygenate.
The invention adopts the cross combination (male and female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male leiocassis longirostris) to screen out the hybrid F1 generation with the advantages of polymerization and parents, the method has simple operation, high weight gain rate of the filial generation, strong anti-parasite capability and good environmental adaptability, and compared with the common cross pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male and female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in the market, the weight gain rate of the filial generation of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male leiocassis longirostris is improved by 676.94-833.60%, the disease resistance is improved by 20.14-35.36%, and the method is superior to the filial generation of the female and male pelteoba.
Preferably, the quantity ratio of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco to the male leiocassis longirostris is 500-1000: 1.
Preferably, the oxytocin is a mixture of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and diutanone maleate for injection.
Preferably, the injection is prepared from chorionic gonadotropin 2000IU/kg, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 15-24 μ g/kg and diutanone maleate 2.0-4.0 mg/kg.
Preferably, in the step of artificial insemination, the selected female pelteobagrus fulvidraco is round and full in abdomen, the reproductive hole is light red, and egg extrusion can be carried out when eggs flow out from the abdomen of the female parent under light pressure; the genital orifices of male leiocassis longirostris are protruded and are peach red.
Preferably, the upper half part of the hatching barrel is a cylinder with the diameter of 0.5m, and the lower half part of the hatching barrel is an inverted cone.
Preferably, a micropore aerator is erected in the hatching barrel, and a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the hatching barrel.
Preferably, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is filtered by a 80-mesh filter screen.
Preferably, the periphery of the hatching barrel is wrapped by mesh cloth with 60 meshes.
Preferably, the water depth of the fry is controlled to be 80-100cm when the fry is thrown.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts the cross combination (female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male leiocassis longirostris) to screen out the cross F1 generation with the advantages of polymerization and parents, the method has simple operation, the weight gain rate of the cross offspring is high, the anti-parasite capability is strong, the method has good environmental adaptability, compared with the common cross pelteobagrus fulvidraco (female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in the market, the weight gain rate of the cross offspring of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male leiocassis longirostris is improved by 676.94-833.60%, the disease resistance is improved by 20.14-35.36%, and the method is superior to the male and female pelteobagrus fulvidr.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification.
Example 1
An artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting wild pelteobagrus fulvidraco from a turnip lake-Ma saddle section in the Yangtze river basin, collecting wild leiocassis longirostris from the Huaihe river as a breeding basic group, carrying out genetic analysis, and selecting two groups with high genetic diversity as breeding basic groups; carrying out pairing propagation, carrying out group breeding to obtain a breeding core group with high genotype purity, carrying out artificial feeding and breeding, screening individuals with strong physique, no disease and no injury, appearance biological countable character and measurable character meeting the requirements of parents as parents, breeding to sexual maturity, carrying out positive and negative crossing tests, and finally taking leiocassis longirostris as male parents, pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, male leiocassis longirostris as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco as male parents, and the number ratio of female pseudobagrus fulvidraco to male leiocassis longirostris as 500: 1;
s2, artificial induced spawning: the test is carried out in a north lake fishery in Fengtai county, and the test time is from 5 months 11 days to 5 months 25 days in 2020; when the water temperature of the water pool reaches 25 ℃, artificial spawning induction is implemented; the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco adopts a 2-time injection method, the 1 st injection is 30 percent of the total dosage of the oxytocin of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the 2 nd injection is 70 percent of the total dosage, and the time interval of the two injections is 12 hours; the injection time of the male leiocassis longirostris is synchronous with that of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco 2, and the injection amount is 50 percent of the total dosage of oxytocin for the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco; after oxytocin is injected, female and male fishes are temporarily raised in a water tank, and oxygen is added by an oxygen pump; wherein the oxytocin is a mixture of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and diutanone maleate for injection, the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco uses the chorionic gonadotropin 2000IU/kg, the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 15 mu g/kg and the diutanone maleate 2.0 mg/kg;
s3, artificial insemination: taking out the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the water pool, wherein the belly is round and full, the reproductive hole is light red, and the egg extrusion can be carried out on the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco when the belly of the female parent is lightly pressed and eggs flow out, the body surface and the reproductive hole of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco are wiped, and the eggs are placed into a drying container after the belly of the female pelteobagrus fulv; meanwhile, taking out male leiocassis longirostris which protrudes from genital orifices and is pink, wiping the body surface of the male leiocassis longirostris, cutting open the abdomen, taking out a fine nest, grinding the fine nest by using a grinding bowl, adding 0.3% of physiological saline, stirring and pouring into the container, mixing with ovum particles uniformly, adding yellow muddy water for debonding, and finally cleaning the fertilized ovum for 2 times by using clear water;
s4, artificial incubation: the upper half part of the hatching barrel is a cylinder with the diameter of 0.5m, and the lower half part is an inverted cone; a micropore aerator is erected in the hatching barrel, and a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the hatching barrel; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is filtered by a 80-mesh filter screen, the periphery of the hatching barrel is wrapped by a 60-mesh screen cloth, the fertilized eggs washed by clear water are placed into the hatching barrel for flowing water aeration hatching, and the amount of the fertilized eggs in the hatching barrel is 75 ten thousand eggs/m3；
S5, seedling cultivation: draining pond water 15 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco crossbreeding, adding quicklime into the pond, sprinkling the quicklime into the pond, sterilizing, draining and exposing to the sun, and thoroughly killing unclean fishes in the pond; injecting water 10 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the water bloom, and controlling the water depth to be 40 cm; fertilizing and culturing water 5 days before water is released to ensure that the breeding amount of the biological baits in the pond reaches the peak period when the fries are released, and controlling the water depth to be 80cm when the fries are released; after the fry is thrown, soybean milk is splashed for 2 times every day, after 15 days, special microparticle initial feed for the yellow catfish is fed, an oxygenation pump is started to oxygenate the fish, and the control of parasitic diseases and the regulation and control of water quality are enhanced;
s6, growth performance test: the growth performance comparison experiment is carried out in a running water culture system of an aquatic research institute test base of agricultural academy of sciences of Anhui province, 6 culture cylinders with the culture water volume of 250L are selected to carry out two hybrid combination offspring (female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, male parent of the leiteobagrus fulvidraco and female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco) culture growth comparison experiments for 8 weeks; the initial specifications of the filial generations of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco female parent and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco male parent of the embodiment are respectively as follows: 2.56 +/-0.73 g and 2.18 +/-0.12 g, and respectively randomly dividing 90 tails of two groups of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco into three groups, wherein each group has 30 tails per cylinder; the special feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is adopted during the experimental period, and 2 times of feeding saturation are carried out every morning at 8:30 and afternoon at 18: 00; after 8 weeks of feeding, the weight of the filial generation of the two groups of hybrids is 49.69 +/-1.57 g and 23.28 +/-1.16 g respectively, the weight gain rate respectively reaches (1802.35 +/-26.87)% and (954.79 +/-35.08)%, and the individual survival rate respectively reaches (91.07 +/-1.24)% and (88.46 +/-1.12)%, as shown in table 1; two groups of 30 filial generations are randomly selected and respectively placed in culture jars for a trichodina infection experiment, namely three pelteobagrus fulvidraco infected with the same strength of the trichodina are placed in each culture jar, and after the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is normally fed and cultured for 2 weeks, the mortality of the two groups of filial generations is counted and is shown in table 1.
(final weight-initial weight)/initial weight; the survival rate is 100% multiplied by the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the end/the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the beginning of the experiment.
Table 1 shows the growth performance results of the hybrid progeny of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco x male parent of leiocassis longirostris) of example 1
Note that different superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.
Example 2
An artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting wild pelteobagrus fulvidraco from a turnip lake-Ma saddle section in the Yangtze river basin, collecting wild leiocassis longirostris from the Huaihe river as a breeding basic group, carrying out genetic analysis, and selecting two groups with high genetic diversity as breeding basic groups; carrying out pairing propagation, carrying out group breeding to obtain a breeding core group with high genotype purity, carrying out artificial feeding and breeding, screening individuals with strong physique, no disease and no injury, appearance biological countable character and measurable character meeting the requirements of parents as parents, breeding to sexual maturity, carrying out positive and negative crossing tests, and finally taking leiocassis longirostris as male parents, pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, male leiocassis longirostris as 3400g and female pseudobagrus fulvidraco and male leiocassis longirostris as a ratio of 750: 1;
s2, artificial induced spawning: the test is carried out in a north lake fishery in Fengtai county, and the test time is from 5 months 11 days to 5 months 25 days in 2020; when the water temperature of the water pool reaches 25 ℃, artificial spawning induction is implemented; the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco adopts a 2-time injection method, the 1 st injection is 30 percent of the total dosage of the oxytocin of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the 2 nd injection is 70 percent of the total dosage, and the time interval of the two injections is 12 hours; the injection time of the male leiocassis longirostris is synchronous with that of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco 2, and the injection amount is 50 percent of the total dosage of oxytocin for the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco; after oxytocin is injected, female and male fishes are temporarily raised in a water tank, and oxygen is added by an oxygen pump; wherein the oxytocin is a mixture of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and diutanone maleate for injection, the chorionic gonadotropin 2600IU/kg, the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 20 mu g/kg and the diutanone maleate 3.0mg/kg are used for female pelteobagrus fulvidraco;
s3, artificial insemination: taking out the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the water pool, wherein the belly is round and full, the reproductive hole is light red, and the egg extrusion can be carried out on the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco when the belly of the female parent is lightly pressed and eggs flow out, the body surface and the reproductive hole of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco are wiped, and the eggs are placed into a drying container after the belly of the female pelteobagrus fulv; meanwhile, taking out male leiocassis longirostris which protrudes from genital orifices and is pink, wiping the body surface of the male leiocassis longirostris, cutting open the abdomen, taking out a fine nest, grinding the fine nest by using a grinding bowl, adding 0.3% of physiological saline, stirring and pouring into the container, mixing with ovum particles uniformly, adding yellow muddy water for debonding, and finally cleaning the fertilized ovum for 3 times by using clear water;
s4, artificial incubation: the upper half part of the hatching barrel is a cylinder with the diameter of 0.5m, and the lower half part is an inverted cone; a micropore aerator is erected in the hatching barrel, and a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the hatching barrel; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is filtered by a 80-mesh filter screen, the periphery of the hatching barrel is wrapped by a 60-mesh screen cloth, the fertilized eggs washed by clear water are placed into the hatching barrel for flowing water aeration hatching, and the amount of the fertilized eggs in the hatching barrel is 80 ten thousand eggs/m3；
S5, seedling cultivation: draining pond water 18 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the pond, adding quicklime into the pond, sprinkling the quicklime into the pond, disinfecting the pond, draining the pond and exposing the pond to the sun, and thoroughly killing unclean fishes in the pond; injecting water 10 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the water bloom, and controlling the water depth to be 50 cm; fertilizing and culturing water 5 days before water is released, ensuring that the breeding amount of the biological baits in the pond reaches the peak period when the fries are released, and controlling the water depth to be 90cm when the fries are released; after the fry is thrown, soybean milk is splashed for 2 times every day, after 15 days, special microparticle initial feed for the yellow catfish is fed, an oxygenation pump is started to oxygenate the fish, and the control of parasitic diseases and the regulation and control of water quality are enhanced;
s6, growth performance test: the growth performance comparison experiment is carried out in a running water culture system of an aquatic research institute test base of agricultural academy of sciences of Anhui province, 6 culture cylinders with the culture water volume of 250L are selected to carry out two hybrid combination offspring (female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, male parent of the leiteobagrus fulvidraco and female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco) culture growth comparison experiments for 8 weeks; the initial specifications of the filial generations of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco female parent and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco male parent of the embodiment are respectively as follows: 2.72 +/-0.09 g and 2.36 +/-0.28 g, and respectively randomly dividing 90 tails of the two groups of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco into three groups, wherein each group has 30 tails per cylinder; the special feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is adopted during the experimental period, and 2 times of feeding saturation are carried out every morning at 8:30 and afternoon at 18: 00; after 8 weeks of feeding, the weight of the filial generation of the two groups of hybrids is 52.46 +/-1.25 g and 25.67 +/-0.72 g respectively, the weight gain rate reaches (1729.86 +/-47.09)% and (974.59 +/-31.24)%, and the individual survival rate reaches (90.12 +/-2.56)% and (87.65 +/-0.79)%, respectively, as shown in Table 2; two groups of 30 filial generations are randomly selected and respectively placed in culture jars for a trichodina infection experiment, namely three pelteobagrus fulvidraco infected with the same strength of the trichodina are placed in each culture jar, and after the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is normally fed and cultured for 2 weeks, the mortality of the two groups of filial generations is counted and is shown in table 2.
(final weight-initial weight)/initial weight; the survival rate is 100% multiplied by the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the end/the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the beginning of the experiment.
Table 2 shows the growth performance results of the hybrid progeny of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco x male parent of leiocassis longirostris) of example 2
Note that different superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.
Example 3
An artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting wild pelteobagrus fulvidraco from a turnip lake-Ma saddle section in the Yangtze river basin, collecting wild leiocassis longirostris from the Huaihe river as a breeding basic group, carrying out genetic analysis, and selecting two groups with high genetic diversity as breeding basic groups; carrying out pairing propagation, carrying out group breeding to obtain a breeding core group with high genotype purity, carrying out artificial feeding and breeding, screening individuals with strong physique, no disease and no injury, appearance biological countable character and measurable character meeting the requirements of parents as parents, breeding to sexual maturity, carrying out positive and negative crossing tests, and finally taking leiocassis longirostris as male parents, pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, male leiocassis longirostris as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco as male parents, and the number ratio of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco to the male leiocassis longirostris is 1000: 1;
s2, artificial induced spawning: the test is carried out in a north lake fishery in Fengtai county, and the test time is from 5 months 11 days to 5 months 25 days in 2020; when the water temperature of the water pool reaches 25 ℃, artificial spawning induction is implemented; the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco adopts a 2-time injection method, the 1 st injection is 30 percent of the total dosage of the oxytocin of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the 2 nd injection is 70 percent of the total dosage, and the time interval of the two injections is 12 hours; the injection time of the male leiocassis longirostris is synchronous with that of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco 2, and the injection amount is 50 percent of the total dosage of oxytocin for the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco; after oxytocin is injected, female and male fishes are temporarily raised in a water tank, and oxygen is added by an oxygen pump; wherein the oxytocin is a mixture of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and diutanone maleate for injection, and the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco uses the chorionic gonadotropin 3000IU/kg, the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 24 mu g/kg and the diutanone maleate 4.0 mg/kg;
s3, artificial insemination: taking out the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the water pool, wiping the body surface and reproductive pores of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, pressing the abdomen of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and placing the eggs into a drying container; simultaneously, wiping the body surface of male leiocassis longirostris, cutting open the abdomen, taking out a testis, grinding the testis by using a grinding bowl, adding 0.4 percent of physiological saline, stirring and pouring into the container, uniformly mixing with egg granules, adding yellow mud water for debonding, and finally cleaning the fertilized eggs by using clear water for 3 times;
s4, artificial incubation: the upper half part of the hatching barrel is a cylinder with the diameter of 0.5m, and the lower half part is an inverted cone; a micropore aerator is erected in the hatching barrel, and a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the hatching barrel; the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is filtered by a 80-mesh filter screen, and the hatching barrel is arrangedWrapping with 60 mesh net cloth, placing cleaned fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel for flowing water aeration incubation, wherein the amount of fertilized eggs in the incubation barrel is 90 ten thousand eggs/m3；
S5, seedling cultivation: and (3) draining the pond water 20 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the pond, adding quicklime into the pond, sprinkling the quicklime into the pond, disinfecting the pond, draining the pond, and insolating to thoroughly kill unclean fishes in the pond. Injecting water 10 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the water bloom, and controlling the water depth to be 60 cm; fertilizing and culturing water 5 days before water is released, ensuring that the breeding amount of the biological baits in the pond reaches the peak period when the fries are released, and controlling the water depth to be 100cm when the fries are released; after the fry is thrown, soybean milk is splashed for 2 times every day, after 15 days, special microparticle initial feed for the yellow catfish is fed, an oxygenation pump is started to oxygenate the fish, and the control of parasitic diseases and the regulation and control of water quality are enhanced;
s6, growth performance test: the growth performance comparison experiment is carried out in a running water culture system of an aquatic research institute test base of agricultural academy of sciences of Anhui province, 6 culture cylinders with the culture water volume of 250L are selected to carry out two hybrid combination offspring (female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, male parent of the leiteobagrus fulvidraco and female parent of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco) culture growth comparison experiments for 8 weeks; the initial specifications of the filial generations of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco female parent and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco male parent of the embodiment are respectively as follows: 2.91 +/-0.09 g and 2.62 +/-0.28 g, and respectively randomly dividing 90 tails of the two groups of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco into three groups, wherein each group has 30 tails/jar; the special feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is adopted during the experimental period, and 2 times of feeding saturation are carried out every morning at 8:30 and afternoon at 18: 00; after 8 weeks of feeding, the weight of the filial generation of the two groups of hybrids is 58.15 +/-2.32 g and 28.71 +/-1.21 g respectively, the weight gain rate reaches (1832.21 +/-33.59)% and (981.58 +/-15.28)%, and the individual survival rate reaches (91.08 +/-4.58)% and (88.67 +/-1.25)%, respectively, as shown in Table 3; two groups of 30 filial generations are randomly selected and respectively placed in culture jars for a trichodina infection experiment, namely three pelteobagrus fulvidraco infected with the same strength of the trichodina are placed in each culture jar, and after the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is normally fed and cultured for 2 weeks, the mortality of the two groups of filial generations is counted and is shown in table 3.
(final weight-initial weight)/initial weight; the survival rate is 100% multiplied by the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the end/the mantissa of the experimental fish in the culture tank at the beginning of the experiment.
Table 3 shows the growth performance results of the hybrid progeny of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco x male parent of leiocassis longirostris) of example 3
Note that different superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.
Comparative example 1
According to the comparison example, the common hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male parent of tile) on the market is purchased, the growth performance test is carried out on the purchased hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (male parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco and male parent of tile), the determined result is compared with the results of the examples 1-3, and the comparison result shows that the weight gain rate of the hybrid offspring of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the male pelteobagrus leiocassis longirostris is improved by 676.94-833.60% and the disease resistance is improved by 20.14-35.36% compared with the weight gain rate of the purchased hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco (female parent of pelteobagrus.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial breeding method of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, parent screening: collecting wild pelteobagrus fulvidraco and wild leiocassis longirostris for genetic analysis, and selecting two groups with high genetic diversity as breeding basic groups; carrying out pairing propagation, carrying out group breeding to obtain a breeding core group with high genotype purity, carrying out artificial feeding and breeding, screening individuals with strong physique, no disease and no injury, appearance biological countable traits and measurable traits meeting the requirements of parents as parents, breeding to sexual maturity, carrying out positive and negative crossing tests, and finally taking leiocassis longirostris as male parents, pseudobagrus fulvidraco as female parents, female pseudobagrus fulvidraco with the weight of 100-plus-150 g and male leiocassis longirostris with the weight of 3000-plus-4000 g;
s2, artificial induced spawning: when the water temperature of the water pool reaches 25 ℃, artificial spawning induction is implemented; the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco adopts a 2-time injection method, the 1 st injection is 30 percent of the total dosage of the oxytocin of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the 2 nd injection is 70 percent of the total dosage, and the time interval of the two injections is 12 hours; the injection time of the male leiocassis longirostris is synchronous with that of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco 2, and the injection amount is 50 percent of the total dosage of oxytocin for the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco; after oxytocin is injected, female and male fishes are temporarily raised in a water tank, and oxygen is added by an oxygen pump;
s3, artificial insemination: taking out the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the water pool, wiping the body surface and reproductive pores of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, pressing the abdomen of the female pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and placing the eggs into a drying container; simultaneously, wiping the body surface of male leiocassis longirostris, cutting open the abdomen, taking out the testis, grinding the testis by using a grinding bowl, adding 0.3-0.4% of physiological saline, stirring and pouring into the container, uniformly mixing with egg granules, adding yellow mud water for debonding, and finally cleaning the fertilized eggs by using clear water for 2-3 times;
s4, artificial incubation: placing the obtained fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, and incubating the fertilized eggs in an aerated manner by running water, wherein the amount of the fertilized eggs in the incubation barrel is 75-90 ten thousand eggs/m3；
S5, seedling cultivation: draining pond water 15-20 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the pond, adding quicklime into the pond, sprinkling the quicklime into the pond, disinfecting the pond, draining the pond and exposing the pond to the sun, and thoroughly killing unclean fishes in the pond; injecting water 10 days before the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put into the water bloom, and controlling the water depth to be 40-60 cm; fertilizing and culturing water 5 days before water is released to ensure that the breeding amount of the biological baits in the pond reaches a peak period when seedlings are released; after the fry is thrown, soybean milk is splashed for 2 times every day, and after 15 days, special microparticle initial feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is fed, and an oxygenation pump is started to oxygenate.
2. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the quantity ratio of the female pseudobagrus fulvidraco to the male leiocassis longirostris is 500-1000: 1.
3. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the oxytocin is a mixture of chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and diutanone maleate for injection.
4. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the injection is prepared from chorionic gonadotropin 2000IU/kg, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone 15-24 μ g/kg, and diutanone maleate 2.0-4.0 mg/kg.
5. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step of artificial insemination, the selected female pelteobagrus fulvidraco is mellow and full in belly, the reproductive hole is light red, and egg extrusion can be carried out when eggs flow out from the belly of the female parent under light pressure; the genital orifices of male leiocassis longirostris are protruded and are peach red.
6. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the upper half part of the hatching barrel is a cylinder with the diameter of 0.5m, and the lower half part is an inverted cone.
7. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: a micropore aerator is erected in the hatching barrel, and a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the hatching barrel.
8. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is filtered by a 80-mesh filter screen.
9. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the periphery of the hatching barrel is wrapped by mesh cloth of 60 meshes.
10. The artificial propagation method of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and controlling the water depth to be 80-100cm when the fry is thrown.
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