CN112321587A - 一种有机化合物、电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种有机化合物、电致发光材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112321587A CN112321587A CN202011198042.2A CN202011198042A CN112321587A CN 112321587 A CN112321587 A CN 112321587A CN 202011198042 A CN202011198042 A CN 202011198042A CN 112321587 A CN112321587 A CN 112321587A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种有机化合物、电致发光材料及其应用,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构,通过螺环母核结构的设计和特定取代基的引入,可以防止材料堆叠,降低分子的结晶性;螺环结构及取代基的设计使其具有高的三线态能级T1,氮杂环及其连接基团使所述有机化合物具备较好的电子传输和空穴传输特性;而且HOMO和LUMO能级适宜,有利于和相邻层进行能级的搭配;玻璃化转变温度高,分子热稳定性好;能够有效提高器件的发光效率和工作寿命。所述有机化合物作为电致发光材料可用于OLED器件的发光层、空穴阻挡层或电子阻挡层,尤其适于作为磷光主体材料应用于发光层中,能够显著提高器件的发光性能,延长器件的工作寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种有机化合物、电致发光材料及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(Organic Light Emitting Diode,OLED)是近年来飞速发展的新一代显示技术,具有超薄、自发光、视角宽、响应快、发光效率高、温度适应性好、生产工艺简单、驱动电压低、能耗低以及柔性等诸多优点,已被广泛应用于平板显示、柔性显示、固态照明和车载显示等行业。
在OLED器件中,材料的选择至关重要,材料的结构和性质直接影响了器件的最终性能。有机电致发光材料按照发光机理可分为电致荧光和电致磷光两种,电致荧光是单重态激子的辐射衰减跃迁,电致磷光则是三重态激子辐射衰减到基态所发射的光。根据自旋量子统计理论,单重态激子和三重态激子的形成概率比例为1:3,因此,电致荧光材料的内量子效率不超过25%的限制,外量子效率一般低于5%;而电致磷光材料的内量子效率理论上可达到100%,外量子效率可达到20%。1998年,吉林大学马於光教授和美国普林斯顿大学Forrest教授分别报道了采用锇配合物和铂配合物作为染料掺杂入发光层,第一次成功得到并解释了磷光电致发光现象,并开创性地将所制备的磷光材料应用于有机电致发光器件。
由于磷光重金属材料有较长的寿命,可达到μs级别,在高电流密度下,可能导致三线态-三线态湮灭和浓度淬灭,造成器件性能衰减,因此通常将重金属磷光材料掺杂到合适的主体材料中,形成一种主客体掺杂体系,使得能量传递最优化,发光效率和寿命最大化。在目前的研究现状中,重金属掺杂材料的商业化已经成熟,很难开发可替代的掺杂材料。因此,将重心放在研发磷光主体材料是研究者们共通的思路。
4,4'-二(N-咔唑)联苯(CBP,)具有良好的空穴传输性能,是目前应用最广泛的磷光主体材料之一。但是,CBP的玻璃化转变温度较低,热稳定性较差,影响器件寿命;而且,CBP的电子和空穴的传输不平衡,发光区域不理想,器件效率滚降现象严重,使主体材料向客体材料能量转移的效率低,降低了器件效率。
目前有很多研究工作致力于新的磷光主体材料的开发,例如CN104073246A公开了一种有机电致磷光主体材料及其制备方法和有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致磷光主体材料的结构中包括通过单键连接的茚并芴基团和吡啶并吲哚基团,具有较好的溶解性、成膜性和稳定性,并具有较高的电子传输性能,有利于载流子在复合区域的电荷平衡,能提高器件的发光效率。CN103012481A公开了一种磷光主体材料及其制备方法和应用,该磷光主体材料由具有空穴传输能力的咔唑和具有电子传输能力的二苯基磷氧、苯并噻唑/苯并恶唑单元构成,具有良好的热稳定性和空穴传输、电子传输性质,可用于红绿双色的磷光主体材料。然而,在目前的磷光主体材料研究现状中,仍然存在启亮电压高、能耗高、发光效率和工作寿命较低等问题,磷光主体材料无法兼顾能耗、效率、加工性和寿命等综合性能的要求。
因此,开发更多种类、综合性能更好的磷光主体材料,以满足其在高性能OLED器件的使用需求,是本领域的研究重点。
发明内容
为了开发更多种类、性能更加完善的磷光主体材料,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种有机化合物,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
式I中,X1、X2各自独立地选自C或N。
式I中,Y选自O、S、N-RN1、CRC1RC2、O=S=O、SiRS1RS2、O=P-Ar1或S=P-Ar2。
RN1、RC1、RC2、RS1、RS2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种。
Ar1、Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种。
式I中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C40亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40亚杂芳基中的任意一种;其中,“L1为单键”意指R1与苯环直接相连;同理,L2、L3、L4、L5、L6为单键时,R2、R3、R4、R5、R6直接与六元芳环相连。
式I中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3~C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳胺基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基、取代或未取代的C2~C40非芳香性杂环基中的任意一种。
式I中,n1、n4、n5、n6、m1、m4、m5、m6各自独立地选自0~4的整数,例如0、1、2、3或4。
式I中,n2、n3、m2、m3各自独立地选自0~3的整数,例如0、1、2或3。
本发明中,所述C1~C20各自独立地可以为C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18或C19等。
所述C6~C40各自独立地可以为C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
所述C3~C40各自独立地可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
所述C3~C20各自独立地可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C11、C13、C15、C17、C19或C20等。
所述C2~C40各自独立地可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
本发明中,所述卤素包括氟、氯、溴或碘;下文涉及到相同描述时,均具有相同的含义。
本发明提供的有机化合物通过分子结构中含螺环的母核结构与取代基的相互配合,具有较高的三线态能级ET,可以防止客体到主体之间的三线态能量倒流,将三线态激子最大程度地限制在发光层内,提高发光效率。同时,所述有机化合物的HOMO和LUMO能级能够与相邻层材料的能级相匹配,以减少空穴和电子的注入势垒,降低器件的驱动电压;而且所述有机化合物的HOMO和LUMO能级差Eg大于客体材料的能级差,有利于主体到客体的能量转移以及载流子在磷光客体上的直接俘获。本发明提供的有机化合物还具有较高的载流子传输速率和平衡的载流子传输性能,有利于器件中空穴和电子传输平衡的同时还获得较宽的载流子复合区域,提高发光效率;所述有机化合物还具有适宜的分子量和较高的玻璃化转变温度Tg,表现出良好的热稳定性和成膜性,使其作为磷光主体材料在热真空蒸镀过程中形成稳定、均一的薄膜,同时减少相分离,保持器件的稳定性。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种电致发光材料,所述电致发光材料包括如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括OLED器件,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及位于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层的材料包括如目的之二所述的电致发光材料。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种电子设备,所述电子设备包括如目的之三所述的显示面板。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的有机化合物是一种含螺环结构的有机小分子化合物,螺环结构可以防止材料堆叠,有利于降低分子的结晶性,提高材料的发光性能和稳定性。所述有机化合物通过螺环母核结构的设计和特定取代基的引入,使其具有高的三线态能级T1,以及优异的电子传输和空穴传输特性,能够高效地将能量转移到客体并有效提高载流子在复合区域的电荷平衡;而且HOMO和LUMO能级适宜,有利于相邻层之间的能级匹配,玻璃化转变温度高,分子热稳定性好,能够有效提高器件的发光效率和工作寿命。所述有机化合物作为电致发光材料可用于OLED器件的发光层、电子阻挡层或空穴阻挡层,尤其适于作为磷光主体材料应用于发光层中,能够显著提高器件的发光效率,降低器件的启亮电压和能耗,延长器件的工作寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的OLED器件的结构示意图,其中101为阳极,102为阴极,103为发光层,104为第一有机薄膜层,105为第二有机薄膜层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种有机化合物,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
式I中,X1、X2各自独立地选自C或N。
式I中,Y选自O、S、N-RN1、CRC1RC2、O=S=O、SiRS1RS2、O=P-Ar1或S=P-Ar2。
RN1、RC1、RC2、RS1、RS2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种。
Ar1、Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种。
式I中,L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C40亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40亚杂芳基中的任意一种;其中,“L1为单键”意指R1与苯环直接相连;同理,L2、L3、L4、L5、L6为单键时,R2、R3、R4、R5、R6直接与六元芳环相连。
式I中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3~C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳胺基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基、取代或未取代的C2~C40非芳香性杂环基中的任意一种。
式I中,n1、n4、n5、n6、m1、m4、m5、m6各自独立地选自0~4的整数,例如0、1、2、3或4。
式I中,n2、n3、m2、m3各自独立地选自0~3的整数,例如0、1、2或3。
本发明中,所述C1~C20各自独立地可以为C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18或C19等。
所述C6~C40各自独立地可以为C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
所述C3~C40各自独立地可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
所述C3~C20各自独立地可以为C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C11、C13、C15、C17、C19或C20等。
所述C2~C40各自独立地可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16、C18、C20、C22、C24、C26、C28、C30、C32、C34、C36或C38等。
本发明中,所述卤素包括氟、氯、溴或碘;下文涉及到相同描述时,均具有相同的含义。
本发明提供的有机化合物具有如式I所示结构,其中心骨架中含有螺环结构,螺环结构的六元环上连接有连接基团L1-L6以及特定的取代基R1-R6,螺环中氮杂芴的引入使所述有机化合物具有较好的电子传输性能,特定取代基R1-R6的连接确保了空穴传输性能。所述有机化合物通过骨架结构的设计和取代基的连接,使其兼具优异的空穴传输性能和电子传输性能,有效提高载流子在复合区域的电荷平衡;而且骨架中螺环结构使分子间作用力降低,避免材料堆叠,降低了材料的结晶性,更有利于量产使用;同时螺环结构也有助于提升分子的三线态能级,能够高效地将能量转移到客体并将更多的发光层激子限制在发光层,提升激子利用率,从而提高发光效率。
所述有机化合物的三线态能级高,ET1可以达到2.61~2.86eV,适于作为磷光主体材料应用于OLED器件的发光层中,尤其适用于蓝光磷光主体材料,能够确保能量有效地转移到客体并防止能量倒流。所述有机化合物的特殊结构使其具备较好的热稳定性和较高的玻璃化转变温度,使其在器件制备中更稳定,有利于提升器件寿命。
在一个实施方式中,所述取代的直链或支链烷基、取代的芳基、取代的杂芳基、取代的亚芳基、取代的亚杂芳基、取代的烷氧基、取代的烷硫基、取代的环烷基、取代的芳胺基、取代的非芳香性杂环基中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)直链或支链烷基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷氧基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷硫基、C6~C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、C2~C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基或C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述Y选自O、S、N-RN1或CRC1RC2。
在一个实施方式中,所述RN1、RC1、RC2各自独立地选自未取代或Ry1取代的C1~C6直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry1取代的C6~C18芳基、未取代或Ry1取代的C3~C12杂芳基中的任意一种。
所述C1~C6直链或支链烷基可以为C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6的直链或支链烷基,示例性地包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、正戊基或正己基等。
所述C6~C18芳基可以为C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等的芳基,示例性地包括但不限于:苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或芴基等。
所述C3~C12杂芳基可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等的杂芳基,示例性地包括但不限于:吡咯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吲哚基或咔唑基等。
所述Ry1各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)直链或支链烷基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷氧基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷硫基、C6~C12(例如C6、C9、C10或C12等)芳基、C2~C12(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基或C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的任意一种。
所述C3~C12含氮亚杂芳基可以为C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10或C12等的含氮亚杂芳基,示例性地包括但不限于:亚吡咯基、亚吡啶基、亚咪唑基、亚吲哚基、亚咔唑基、亚喹啉基或亚异喹啉基等。
在一个实施方式中,所述R1、R4、R5、R6各自独立地选自氘、未取代或Ry2取代的C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry2取代的C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、未取代或Ry2取代的C3~C18(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基、未取代或Ry2取代的二苯胺基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷氧基或C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷硫基中的任意一种。
所述Ry2各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)直链或支链烷基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷氧基、C1~C6(例如C2、C3、C4或C5)烷硫基、C6~C12(例如C6、C9、C10或C12等)芳基、C2~C12(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10或C12等)杂芳基或C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的任意一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6中至少有一个为给电子基;在一个优选实施方式中,所述R2、R3中至少有一个为给电子基。
本发明中,所述“给电子基”意指能够提高苯环上电子云密度的基团,示例性地包括但不限于:咔唑基、芳胺基、N-苯基咔唑基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吖啶基、氢化吖啶基、N-苯基吩噻嗪基、N-苯基吩噁嗪基、N-苯基氢化吖啶基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、氮杂咔唑基或包含咔唑基的稠合基团等。
在一个实施方式中,所述R2、R3各自独立地选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点。
Z1、Z2各自独立地选自O、S、N-RN3、CRC3RC4或SiRS3RS4。
RN2、RN3、RC3、RC4、RS3、RS4各自独立地选自氢、氘、未取代或Ry3取代的C1~C20(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18或C19等)直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry3取代的C6~C20(例如C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16或C18等)芳基、未取代或Ry3取代的C3~C20(例如C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C13、C14、C15、C16或C18等)杂芳基中的任意一种;RC3、RC4不连接或通过化学键连接成环。
R11、R12、Ry3各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)直链或支链烷基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷氧基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷硫基、C6~C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、C2~C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基或C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的任意一种。
t1、t3各自独立地选自0~4的整数,例如0、1、2、3或4;t2选自0~3的整数,例如0、1、2或3;t4、t5各自独立地选自0~5的整数,例如0、1、2、3、4或5。
在一个实施方式中,所述R2、R3各自独立地选自如下基团中的任意一种,或被取代基取代的如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点。
所述取代基各自独立地选自氘、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)直链或支链烷基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷氧基、C1~C10(例如C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8或C9)烷硫基、C6~C20(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳基、C2~C20(例如C3、C4、C5、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)杂芳基或C6~C18(例如C6、C9、C10、C12、C14、C16或C18等)芳胺基中的至少一种。
在一个实施方式中,所述n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6各自独立地选自0~2的整数,例如0、1或2;且m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6不同时为0。
在一个具体实施方式中,所述有机化合物选自如下化合物P1~P233中的任意一种:
上述合成路线中,X1、X2、Y、L1-L6、R1-R6、n1-n6、m1-m6各自独立地具有与式I相同的限定范围;Z1、Z2各自独立地选自卤素(例如氟、氯、溴或碘)。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种电致发光材料,所述电致发光材料包括如目的之一所述的有机化合物。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种显示面板,所述显示面板包括OLED器件,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及位于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层的材料包括如目的之二所述的电致发光材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括发光层,所述发光层的材料包括如目的之二所述的电致发光材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述电致发光材料作为发光层的磷光主体材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括空穴阻挡层,所述空穴阻挡层的材料包括如目的之二所述的电致发光材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层包括电子阻挡层,所述电子阻挡层的材料包括如目的之二所述的电致发光材料。
在一个实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层还包括空穴传输层、空穴注入层、电子传输层或电子注入层中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
本发明所述OLED器件中,阳极材料可以为金属、金属氧化物或导电性聚合物;其中,所述金属包括铜、金、银、铁、铬、镍、锰、钯、铂等及它们的合金,所述金属氧化物包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、氧化锌、氧化铟镓锌(IGZO)等,所述导电性聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚(3-甲基噻吩)等。除以上有助于空穴注入的材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阳极的材料。
所述OLED器件中,阴极材料可以为金属或多层金属材料;其中,所述金属包括铝、镁、银、铟、锡、钛等及它们的合金,所述多层金属材料包括LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、BaF2/Al等。除以上有助于电子注入的材料及其组合,还包括已知的适合做阴极的材料。
所述OLED器件中,有机薄膜层包括至少一层发光层(EML)和设置于发光层两侧的空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)、电子传输层(ETL)、电子注入层(EIL)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,其中空穴/电子注入及传输层可以为咔唑类化合物、芳胺类化合物、苯并咪唑类化合物及金属化合物等。所述OLED器件的阴极上(远离阳极的一侧)还可以任选地设置盖帽层(CPL)。
所述OLED器件的示意图如图1所示,包括阳极101和阴极102,设置于所述阳极101和阴极102之间的发光层103,在发光层103的两侧设置有第一有机薄膜层104和第二有机薄膜层105,所述第一有机薄膜层104为空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)或电子阻挡层(EBL)中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,所述第二有机薄膜层105包括电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)或电子注入层(EIL)中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;所述阴极102上(远离105的一侧)还可以任选地设置盖帽层(CPL)。
所述OLED器件可以通过以下方法制备:在透明或不透明的光滑的基板上形成阳极,在阳极上形成有机薄层,在有机薄层上形成阴极。其中,形成有机薄层可采用如蒸镀、溅射、旋涂、浸渍、离子镀等已知的成膜方法。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种电子设备,所述电子设备包括如目的之三所述的显示面板。
以下示例性地列举几种本发明所述有机化合物的制备实施例:
制备例1
氮气氛围下,于250mL反应瓶中加入约100mL无水甲苯,然后依次加入反应物A1(4mmol),反应物1-1(4mmol),叔丁醇钠t-BuONa(10mmol),钯催化剂Pd2(dba)3(0.2mmol)以及配体2-二环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,0.6mmol),升温至110℃,反应过夜。待反应完成后,冷却至室温,加二氯甲烷DCM/H2O进行萃取,将收集到的有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,抽滤收集滤液、旋除溶剂并进行柱层析纯化,得到中间体B1(收率83%)。
中间体B1的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C31H19BrO,计算值为486.06,实测值为486.27。
按照上述合成路线制备中间体B2和B3,原料、产物及测试结果如表1所示。
表1
制备例2
氮气氛围下,于反应瓶中加入反应溶剂1,2-二氯苯,依次加入反应物a1(6mmol),反应物2-1(7mmol),碳酸钾(12mmol),催化剂CuI(0.6mmol)以及配体18-冠醚-6(0.6mmol),升温至180℃,反应24h。待反应完成后,冷却至室温,抽滤收集有机相,加DCM/H2O进行萃取,将收集到的有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,抽滤收集滤液、旋除溶剂并进行柱层析纯化,得到中间体b1-1(收率71%)。
中间体b1-1的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C23H13N3O,计算值为347.11,实测值为347.30。
按照上述合成路线制备中间体b1-2、b1-3、b1-4和b1-5,原料、产物及测试结果如表2所示。
表2
制备例3
氮气氛围下,于无水四氢呋喃THF中加入反应物3-1(3mmol),在-78℃下搅拌使反应液冷却,然后将1.6M的正丁基锂n-BuLi(3mmol)逐滴加入,并保持-78℃下反应2h;将反应物A(3mmol)缓慢滴加到低温反应液中,待滴加结束,低温下继续反应2h,随后升温到室温反应过夜。待反应结束,加少量水淬灭,加DCM/H2O进行萃取,收集有机相并用无水Na2SO4干燥,抽滤收集滤液、旋除溶剂得到粗品;
将上述粗品于氮气条件下加入到20mL的醋酸中,搅拌加热,于120℃下反应2h,随后加入2mL盐酸,于此温度下加热反应12h。待反应结束,冷却并进行萃取,收集有机相并旋除溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得到中间体B(收率71%)。
中间体B的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C23H13BrN2,计算值为396.03,实测值为396.24。
将制备例1中的反应物A1用等摩尔量的中间体B替换;其他原料及反应步骤均与制备例1相同,得到中间体B1-1(收率72%)。
中间体B1-1的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C29H17BrN2O,计算值为488.05,实测值为488.26。
按照上述合成路线制备中间体B1-2和B1-3,原料、产物及测试结果如表3所示。
表3
制备例4
氮气氛围下,于反应瓶中加入反应溶剂1,2-二氯苯,依次加入反应物a2(3mmol),反应物2-1(7mmol),碳酸钾(6mmol),催化剂CuI(0.6mmol)以及配体18-冠醚-6(0.6mmol),升温至180℃,反应24h。待反应完成后,冷却至室温,抽滤收集有机相,加DCM/H2O进行萃取,将收集到的有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,抽滤收集滤液、旋除溶剂并进行柱层析纯化,得到中间体b2(收率70%)。
中间体b2的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C35H20N4O,计算值为512.16,实测值为512.35。
实施例1
一种有机化合物P61,结构如下:
该有机化合物P61的制备方法包括如下步骤:
氮气氛围下,于无水THF中加入中间体B1(1mmol),在-78℃下搅拌使反应液冷却,然后将1.6M的n-BuLi(1.1mmol)逐滴加入,并保持-78℃下反应2h;将反应中间体b1-1(1.2mmol)缓慢滴加到低温反应液中,待滴加结束,低温下继续反应2h,随后升温到室温反应过夜。待反应结束,加少量水淬灭,加DCM/H2O进行萃取,收集有机相并用无水Na2SO4干燥,抽滤收集滤液、旋除溶剂得到粗品;
将上述粗品于氮气条件下加入到20mL的醋酸中,搅拌加热,于120℃下反应2h,随后加入2mL盐酸,于此温度下加热反应12h。待反应结束,冷却并进行萃取,收集有机相并旋除溶剂,经柱层析纯化,得到目标产物P61(收率67%)。
所述有机化合物P61的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C54H31N3O,计算值为737.25,实测值为737.43;
化合物元素分析结果:计算值(%)C 87.90,H 4.23,N 5.69;测试值C 87.91,H4.22,N 5.70。
实施例2~6
一种有机化合物,分别为P80、P104、P109、P1、P121;按照实施例1中的合成路线进行制备,原料、产物及测试结果如表4所示。
表4
实施例7
一种有机化合物P223,结构如下:
该有机化合物P223的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将实施例1中的中间体B1用等摩尔量的中间体B1-1替换;其他原料及反应步骤均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P223(收率69%)。
所述有机化合物P223的表征结果:
通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C52H29N5O,计算值为739.24,实测值为739.45;
化合物元素分析结果:计算值(%)C 84.42,H 3.95,N 9.47;测试值C 84.41,H3.94,N 9.49。
实施例8~10
一种有机化合物,分别为P231、P232、P233;按照实施例7中的合成路线进行制备,原料、产物及测试结果如表5所示。
表5
实施例11
一种有机化合物P202,结构如下:
该有机化合物P202的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将实施例1中的中间体b1-1用等摩尔量的中间体b2替换;其他原料及反应步骤均与实施例1相同,得到目标产物P202(收率61%)。
所述有机化合物P202的表征结果:通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析得MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):C66H38N4O,计算值为902.30,实测值为902.51;
化合物元素分析结果:计算值(%)C 87.78,H 4.24,N 6.20;测试值C 87.77,H4.23,N 6.22。
实施例12~14
一种有机化合物,分别为P201、P210、P209;按照实施例11中的合成路线进行制备,原料、产物及测试结果如表6所示。
表6
以下列举几种本发明所述有机化合物应用于OLED器件中的应用例:
应用例1
一种OLED器件,所述OLED器件依次包括:带有ITO阳极(100nm)的玻璃基板、空穴注入层10nm、空穴传输层40nm、电子阻挡层10nm、发光层20nm、空穴阻挡层10nm,电子传输层30nm、电子注入层2nm、阴极(铝电极)100nm。
OLED器件的制备步骤如下:
(1)将带有ITO阳极的玻璃基板分别在异丙醇和去离子水中超声处理30min,然后暴露在臭氧下约10min进行清洁,将清洗后的玻璃基板安装到真空沉积设备上;
(2)在真空度为2×10-6Pa下,在ITO阳极层上真空蒸镀化合物a,厚度为10nm,作为空穴注入层;
(3)在空穴注入层上真空蒸镀化合物b,厚度为40nm,作为空穴传输层;
(4)在空穴传输层上真空蒸镀化合物c,厚度为10nm,作为电子阻挡层;
(5)在电子阻挡层上真空共同蒸镀本发明实施例1提供的有机化合物P61和掺杂材料化合物d,掺杂比例为5%(质量比),厚度为20nm,作为发光层;
(6)在发光层上真空蒸镀化合物e,厚度为10nm,作为空穴阻挡层;
(7)在空穴阻挡层上真空蒸镀化合物f,厚度为30nm,作为电子传输层;
(8)在电子传输层上真空蒸镀LiF,厚度为2nm,作为电子注入层;
(9)在电子注入层上真空蒸镀铝电极,厚度为100nm,作为阴极。
所述OLED器件中用到的化合物结构如下:
应用例2~14
一种OLED器件,其与应用例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(5)中的有机化合物P61分别用等量的有机化合物P80、P104、P109、P1、P121、P223、P231、P232、P233、P202、P201、P210、P209替换;其它原料及制备步骤均相同。
对比例1
对比例2
性能测试:
(1)化合物的模拟计算:
运用密度泛函理论(DFT),针对本发明提供的有机化合物,通过Guassian 09程序包(Guassian Inc.)在B3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平下,优化并计算得到了分子前线轨道HOMO和LUMO的分布情况和能级,同时基于含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)模拟计算了化合物分子的最低单线态能级ES1和最低三线态能级ET1,结果如表7所示。
表7
有机化合物 | HOMO(eV) | LUMO(eV) | E<sub>g</sub>(eV) | E<sub>S1</sub>(eV) | E<sub>T1</sub>(eV) |
P61 | -5.48 | -1.66 | 3.82 | 3.27 | 2.81 |
P80 | -5.29 | -1.56 | 3.72 | 3.18 | 2.86 |
P104 | -5.35 | -1.64 | 3.71 | 3.25 | 2.79 |
P109 | -5.33 | -1.63 | 3.70 | 3.23 | 2.78 |
P1 | -5.46 | -1.65 | 3.81 | 3.26 | 2.81 |
P121 | -5.43 | -1.64 | 3.79 | 3.25 | 2.80 |
P223 | -5.54 | -1.75 | 3.79 | 3.25 | 2.80 |
P231 | -5.53 | -1.71 | 3.82 | 3.29 | 2.84 |
P232 | -5.52 | -1.71 | 3.81 | 3.28 | 2.84 |
P233 | -5.50 | -1.70 | 3.80 | 3.27 | 2.83 |
P202 | -5.38 | -1.79 | 3.59 | 3.07 | 2.63 |
P201 | -5.37 | -1.80 | 3.57 | 3.06 | 2.62 |
P210 | -5.45 | -1.87 | 3.58 | 3.06 | 2.62 |
P209 | -5.44 | -1.88 | 3.56 | 3.05 | 2.61 |
从表7的数据可知,本发明提供的有机化合物通过分子结构的特殊设计,具有较为合适的HOMO/LUMO能级(-5.54至-5.29eV/-1.88至-1.56eV),有利于相邻层化合物的能级匹配,也能覆盖客体的能级;且本发明的有机化合物具有较高的三线态能级(ET≥2.61eV),当其作为发光层中的主体材料使用时,可以将能量有效地转移到客体,并防止能量从客体倒流到主体,进而实现较高的发光效率。本发明提供的有机化合物还具有双螺环结构,使分子具有较为扭曲的结构,能够降低分子的堆叠,避免其结晶化,使其在器件应用中更为稳定。
(2)OLED器件的性能评价:
用Keithley 2365A数字纳伏表测试OLED器件在不同电压下的电流,然后用电流除以发光面积得到OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度;用Konicaminolta CS-2000分光辐射亮度计测试OLED器件在不同电压下的亮度和辐射能流密度;根据OLED器件在不同电压下的电流密度和亮度,得到在相同电流密度下(10mA/cm2)的工作电压V和电流效率CE(cd/A);通过测量OLED器件的亮度达到初始亮度的95%时的时间而获得寿命T95(在50mA/cm2测试条件下);测试数据如表8所示。
表8
OLED器件 | 发光层主体材料 | V(V) | CE(cd/A) | LT95(h) |
应用例1 | P61 | 4.07 | 15.4 | 68 |
应用例2 | P80 | 3.98 | 16.1 | 71 |
应用例3 | P104 | 4.06 | 15.0 | 60 |
应用例4 | P109 | 4.04 | 15.1 | 62 |
应用例5 | P1 | 4.09 | 15.3 | 65 |
应用例6 | P121 | 4.08 | 15.2 | 63 |
应用例7 | P223 | 4.05 | 15.5 | 69 |
应用例8 | P231 | 4.02 | 15.9 | 70 |
应用例9 | P232 | 4.04 | 15.6 | 68 |
应用例10 | P233 | 4.03 | 15.7 | 67 |
应用例11 | P202 | 3.99 | 14.5 | 66 |
应用例12 | P201 | 4.01 | 14.4 | 64 |
应用例13 | P210 | 3.96 | 14.8 | 68 |
应用例14 | P209 | 3.97 | 14.6 | 67 |
对比例1 | 对比化合物1 | 4.25 | 13.5 | 52 |
对比例2 | 对比化合物2 | 4.19 | 14.0 | 58 |
根据表8的测试数据可知,本发明提供的有机化合物作为OLED器件发光层主体材料,能够使OLED器件具有较低的驱动电压、较高的发光效率以及较长的器件寿命,其中工作电压≤4.09V,电流效率CE≥14.4cd/A,进一步地,有些有机化合物对应的OLED器件CE达到15~16cd/A,寿命LT95≥62h。其中,相对于对比例1(常用的磷光主体材料)及对比例2,采用本发明所述有机化合物的OLED器件的工作电压降低,效率及寿命均提升,这可能得益于本发明的有机化合物具有合适的能级,与相邻层更为匹配,更高的三线态能级,可以有效地将能量转移到客体并防止其从客体倒流到主体,有效提高OLED器件的发光效率。特别地,对于应用例11~14,其电流效率CE<15cd/A,这可能是因为这几个有机化合物比起本案其他有机化合物,具有相对较低的三线态能级,未能高效地防止客体能量倒流到主体。同时,本发明所述有机化合物将两个螺环进行并环,形成双螺环结构,这样可以使分子较为扭曲,有效降低了分子的堆叠,从而降低分子的结晶性,保证其具有优异的热稳定性和薄膜稳定性,在OLED器件工作时更为稳定,从而可能有利于OLED器件寿命的提升
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的有机化合物、电致发光材料及其应用,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (17)
1.一种有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物具有如式I所示结构:
其中,X1、X2各自独立地选自C或N;
Y选自O、S、N-RN1、CRC1RC2、O=S=O、SiRS1RS2、O=P-Ar1或S=P-Ar2;
RN1、RC1、RC2、RS1、RS2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种;
Ar1、Ar2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基中的任意一种;
L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6各自独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的C6~C40亚芳基、取代或未取代的C3~C40亚杂芳基中的任意一种;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、取代或未取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1~C20烷硫基、取代或未取代的C3~C20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳基、取代或未取代的C6~C40芳胺基、取代或未取代的C3~C40杂芳基、取代或未取代的C2~C40非芳香性杂环基中的任意一种;
n1、n4、n5、n6、m1、m4、m5、m6各自独立地选自0~4的整数;
n2、n3、m2、m3各自独立地选自0~3的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述取代的直链或支链烷基、取代的芳基、取代的杂芳基、取代的亚芳基、取代的亚杂芳基、取代的烷氧基、取代的烷硫基、取代的环烷基、取代的芳胺基、取代的非芳香性杂环基中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C10直链或支链烷基、C1~C10烷氧基、C1~C10烷硫基、C6~C20芳基、C2~C20杂芳基或C6~C18芳胺基中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述Y选自O、S、N-RN1或CRC1RC2。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述RN1、RC1、RC2各自独立地选自未取代或Ry1取代的C1~C6直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry1取代的C6~C18芳基、未取代或Ry1取代的C3~C12杂芳基中的任意一种;
所述Ry1各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C6直链或支链烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C1~C6烷硫基、C6~C12芳基、C2~C12杂芳基或C6~C18芳胺基中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6各自独立地选自单键、亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三联苯基、亚萘基或C3~C12含氮亚杂芳基中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R1、R4、R5、R6各自独立地选自氘、未取代或Ry2取代的C1~C6直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry2取代的C6~C18芳基、未取代或Ry2取代的C3~C18杂芳基、未取代或Ry2取代的二苯胺基、C1~C6烷氧基或C1~C6烷硫基中的任意一种;
所述Ry2各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C6直链或支链烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C1~C6烷硫基、C6~C12芳基、C2~C12杂芳基或C6~C18芳胺基中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述R2、R3各自独立地选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,虚线代表基团的连接位点;
Z1、Z2各自独立地选自O、S、N-RN3、CRC3RC4或SiRS3RS4;
RN2、RN3、RC3、RC4、RS3、RS4各自独立地选自氢、氘、未取代或Ry3取代的C1~C20直链或支链烷基、未取代或Ry3取代的C6~C20芳基、未取代或Ry3取代的C3~C20杂芳基中的任意一种;RC3、RC4不连接或通过化学键连接成环;
R11、R12、Ry3各自独立地选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1~C10直链或支链烷基、C1~C10烷氧基、C1~C10烷硫基、C6~C20芳基、C2~C20杂芳基或C6~C18芳胺基中的任意一种;
t1、t3各自独立地选自0~4的整数;
t2选自0~3的整数;
t4、t5各自独立地选自0~5的整数。
9.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6各自独立地选自0~2的整数,且m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6不同时为0。
11.一种电致发光材料,其特征在于,所述电致发光材料包括如权利要求1~10任一项所述的有机化合物。
12.一种显示面板,其特征在于,所述显示面板包括OLED器件,所述OLED器件包括阳极、阴极以及位于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机薄膜层,所述有机薄膜层的材料包括如权利要求11所述的电致发光材料。
13.根据权利要求12所述的显示面板,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括发光层,所述发光层的材料包括如权利要求11所述的电致发光材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的显示面板,其特征在于,所述电致发光材料作为发光层的磷光主体材料。
15.根据权利要求12所述的显示面板,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括空穴阻挡层,所述空穴阻挡层的材料包括如权利要求11所述的电致发光材料。
16.根据权利要求12所述的显示面板,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层包括电子阻挡层,所述电子阻挡层的材料包括如权利要求11所述的电致发光材料。
17.一种电子设备,其特征在于,所述电子设备包括如权利要求12~16任一项所述的显示面板。
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CN113735878B (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-06-20 | 武汉天马微电子有限公司 | 一种有机化合物及其电致发光的应用 |
CN115583887A (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-10 | 吉林奥来德光电材料股份有限公司 | 一种有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115583887B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-10-18 | 吉林奥来德光电材料股份有限公司 | 一种有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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