CN112314375A - High-yield planting method for alfalfa - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an alfalfa high-yield planting method which comprises the steps of land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, thinning, planting management and harvesting management, wherein the seed treatment comprises the steps of rinsing alfalfa seeds, screening to remove shrunken grains, irradiating by using rays, freezing, drying, soaking with a seed soaking agent, spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface, carrying out bacterium-carrying stirring, and finally carrying out coating treatment. The method controls and improves from multiple aspects of planting, not only can enable the planting soil to meet the growth requirement of the alfalfa for a long time, but also can remarkably improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds by treating the seeds, effectively improves the plant biomass, and ensures that the grown alfalfa grows fast, has strong drought resistance, vigorous growth force and high survival rate, and has higher practical application value.

Description

High-yield planting method for alfalfa

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of alfalfa.

Background

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) belongs to the genus of alfalfa (Medicago) in the family of leguminoses (Leguminosae), is perennial pasture, and is known as the king of pasture because of the characteristics of good stress resistance, high quality, high yield and the like. The alfalfa can improve the soil through the biological nitrogen fixation effect, has high economic utilization value, has great utilization value for protecting and repairing the ecological environment, plays an important role in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in China and the protection of the ecological environment, and is widely planted in saline-alkali soil, beach land and soil degradation areas for land improvement and grassland recovery.

In recent years, alfalfa is grown by a large area as a main pasture quilt, so that the yield of alfalfa is gradually improved. However, the hard seed rate of the alfalfa plant is high, the hard seed rate of the alfalfa plant is not permeable or absorbs water late during germination, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds are affected, the seedling emergence is not realized or late after sowing, so that the emergence of the plant is irregular, the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused, and great difficulty is brought to the eradication of weeds, and the alfalfa plant is high in hard seed rate and slow in seedling growth, and alfalfa seed coating products aiming at the characteristics need to be developed urgently, meanwhile, the alfalfa belongs to medium saline-alkali resistant pasture and can be planted in a large amount of slightly saline soil, but when the salt content of the soil reaches more than 0.5%, the growth of the alfalfa is inhibited, so that the growth retardation, the vitality weakening, the yield reduction and the like are shown.

In conclusion, how to improve the planting method and effectively improve the planting range and yield of the alfalfa is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-yield planting method for alfalfa, which solves the problems of over high requirements on planting environment, over low germination rate of seeds, poor bud vigor, irregular emergence of seedlings, low yield and the like of the existing planting method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a high-yield planting method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as a alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 150kg of quicklime plus materials per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering a black mulching film, and insolating for 3-5 days in the sun;

deeply ploughing the ground surface by 40-45cm again, and simultaneously applying 50t/hm of compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 15-30 parts of sunflower oil residues, 15-30 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 8-15 parts of bean dregs, 8-15 parts of fruit leftover materials, 20-40 parts of stable manure and 8-15 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20-30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10-20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shrivelled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5-6% and the temperature of 40-42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20-30min, taking out the leachate, freezing the leachate in a freezing box, taking out the leachate, drying the leachate in a drying oven with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 10-15min, placing the dried alfalfa seeds in an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out the alfalfa seeds; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3-4h at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5-10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-30 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5-1 part of bacillus agent, 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.8-1kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5-0.7 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1-0.2 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.5-0.6 percent of trace elements, 1-2 percent of urea, 0.2-0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2 percent of borax, 0.01-0.02 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.01-0.02 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4-5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01-0.02 percent of trichoderma agent, 7-8 percent of bentonite and 5-6 percent of water-titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer

Sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25-30%, and then spraying 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal excreta to the planting ditches, wherein the volume of each mu of the planting ditches is 2000-fold and 2500 kg; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2-3kg seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta also contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.5-1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1-1.8% of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.3-0.6% of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 2-4% of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 25-30%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings come out completely until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip water; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate at the ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage

Harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

Preferably, the plant water extract is obtained by adopting the following preparation method:

the components in parts by weight are as follows: 20 parts of angelica dahurica, 18 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of cockscomb, 15 parts of dandelion, 13 parts of cassia seed, 12 parts of fern root, 10 parts of verbena, 12 parts of bitter melon seed, 11 parts of durian peel, 10 parts of tobacco, 8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 8 parts of lemon grass, 6 parts of gentian and 5 parts of tea leaves, crushing and mixing, and performing reflux extraction twice with ethanol for 30-45min each time.

Preferably, the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.

Preferably, the electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.

Preferably, the anti-disease treatment agent comprises: 7-9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15-25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7-9 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.

Preferably, the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder together, the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.

Preferably, the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.

Preferably, the trace element is at least one of amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated molybdenum, amino acid chelated zinc and borax.

Preferably, the trichoderma microbial inoculum is liquid trichoderma liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁸-5×10⁸Per gram; the trichoderma strain is selected from trichoderma harzianum or trichoderma viride;

the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁹-5×10⁹Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.

Preferably, the alfalfa high-yield planting method comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 125kg of quicklime per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering with black mulching film, and insolating in the sun for 3-5 days;

deeply ploughing the ground surface by 40-45cm again, and simultaneously applying 50t/hm of compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 17 parts of sunflower oil residues, 17 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 11 parts of bean dregs, 11 parts of fruit leftover materials, 30 parts of stable manure and 12 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 2 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 2 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a baking oven with the temperature of 38 ℃ for drying for 12min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7 part of bacillus agent, 7 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.7 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding 0.15% of biological humic acid, 0.55% of trace elements, 1.5% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of borax, 0.015% of indolebutyric acid, 0.015% of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015% of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5% of bentonite and 5.5% of water-added titanium fertilizer solution, wherein the biological humic acid accounts for 0.6% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, and uniformly mixing the mixture

Sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25-30%, and then pouring 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal manure water to the planting ditches, wherein the weight of each mu of the planting ditches is 2200 kg; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2.5kg of alfalfa seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta further contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.4 percent of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.45 percent of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 3 percent of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 27%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings are discharged completely until stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate at the ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage

Harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention improves the alfalfa planting method in all aspects of soil early-stage treatment, seed treatment and later-stage planting management, effectively improves the final yield, improves the land by high-quality fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer, can obtain high-quality alfalfa, achieves the purpose of combining planting and breeding cycles, adds quicklime into a diluent of water soluble fertilizer and human and animal fertilizer water, the pH value of the planting soil can be continuously adjusted while the fertilizer and the nutrient are supplied, so that the planting soil is suitable for the growth requirement of the alfalfa for a long time, and simultaneously, according to the requirement on nutrients in the reproductive development process of the alfalfa, the fertilizer is prepared by accurately matching nutrient raw materials, has reasonable nutrient proportion and strong pertinence, can meet the requirements on nutrients in the growth, development and reproduction processes of the alfalfa, and can better combine land use with land cultivation;

the method carries out multiple treatments on the alfalfa seeds, can remarkably improve the emergence rate, the seedling protection rate and the seedling rate of the seeds by assisting the irradiation of rays, freezing and drying, electric field and disease-resistant treatment under the double actions of seed soaking by a seed soaking agent and seed coating by a seed coating agent, has strong acid-base resistance and weather resistance after treatment, provides technical support for the popularization and the planting of the alfalfa in acid soil in the south or saline-alkali soil in the north, and ensures that the disease resistance and the micro-fertilizer are mutually promoted by the coated seed coating agent, so that the later-period plant biomass is improved, the grown alfalfa grows fast and has strong drought resistance, the special creativity is matched with the nitrogen fixation effect of rhizobia and the use of other beneficial flora, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is effectively reduced, and the effects of no toxicity and harm to human beings and livestock, no environmental pollution, no pathogenicity and good stress resistance are realized;

the alfalfa seeds treated by the method can effectively and obviously improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds, relieve the phenomena of no emergence of seedlings or late emergence of seedlings, irregular emergence of seedlings and seedling and ridge breaking after the alfalfa seeds are sown, and greatly improve the yield of pasture in unit area.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A high-yield planting method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 100kg of quicklime per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering with black mulching film, and insolating in the sun for 3-5 days;

the ground surface is deeply turned over again by 40cm, and 50t/hm of organic fertilizer which is composted, fermented and decomposed is applied to each mu simultaneously²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 15 parts of sunflower oil residues, 15 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 8 parts of bean dregs, 8 parts of fruit leftover materials, 20 parts of stable manure and 8 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 hour, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% and the temperature of 40 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a drying oven with the temperature of 35 ℃ for drying for 10min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5 part of bacillus agent, 5 parts of glucose, 1 part of vitamin and 0.5 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until bacteria are uniformly carried, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.8kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.5 percent of trace elements, 1 percent of urea, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 percent of borax, 0.01 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.01 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7 percent of bentonite and 5 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution to be uniformly mixed to obtain the mixture which is uniformly stirred

Sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25%, and then splashing the planting ditches with 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal excreta, wherein 2000kg of the diluent is applied per mu; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2kg seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta further contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 25%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings are discharged completely until stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate at the ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage

Harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

The plant water extract in this example was obtained by the following preparation method:

the components in parts by weight are as follows: 20 parts of angelica dahurica, 18 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of cockscomb, 15 parts of dandelion, 13 parts of cassia seed, 12 parts of fern root, 10 parts of verbena, 12 parts of bitter melon seed, 11 parts of durian peel, 10 parts of tobacco, 8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 8 parts of lemon grass, 6 parts of gentian and 5 parts of tea leaves, crushing and mixing, and performing reflux extraction twice with ethanol for 30-45min each time.

The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.

The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.

The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7 parts of glucose, 1 part of vitamin and 0.5 part of amino-oligosaccharin.

The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.

In the embodiment, the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.

The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.

The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 10⁸-5×10⁸Per gram; the trichoderma strain is selected from trichoderma harzianum or trichoderma viride;

the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁹-5×10⁹Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.

Example 2

A high-yield planting method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 150kg of quicklime per mu, finely crushing and flattening the ground, covering with black mulching film, and insolating in the sun for 3-5 days;

the earth surface is deeply turned over again by 45cm, and 50t/hm of organic fertilizer which is composted, fermented and decomposed is applied to each mu simultaneously²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 30 parts of sunflower oil residues, 30 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 15 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of fruit leftover materials, 40 parts of stable manure and 15 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 3 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 6% and the temperature of 42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 30min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into an oven with the temperature of 40 ℃ for drying for 15min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 4 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 30 parts of cyclodextrin, 1 part of bacillus agent, 10 parts of glucose, 5 parts of vitamin and 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniform, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 1kg of alfalfa seeds with 70mg of procyanidine dry powder, adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.7 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.2 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.6 percent of trace elements, 2 percent of urea, 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 percent of borax, 0.01-0.02 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.02 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.02 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 8 percent of bentonite and 6 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the mixture which is uniformly stirred

Sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 30%, and then splashing 2500kg of diluted solution which is 200 and 300 times of decomposed human and animal excreta into the planting ditches per mu; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2-3kg seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta further contains 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1.8% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.6% of ammonium hydrogen phosphate and 4% of lime milk;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 25-30%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings come out completely until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip water; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate at the ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage

Harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

The plant water extract in this example was obtained by the following preparation method:

the components in parts by weight are as follows: 20 parts of angelica dahurica, 18 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of cockscomb, 15 parts of dandelion, 13 parts of cassia seed, 12 parts of fern root, 10 parts of verbena, 12 parts of bitter melon seed, 11 parts of durian peel, 10 parts of tobacco, 8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 8 parts of lemon grass, 6 parts of gentian and 5 parts of tea leaves, crushing and mixing, and performing reflux extraction twice with ethanol for 30-45min each time.

The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.

The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.

The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 9 parts of glucose, 5 parts of vitamin and 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.

The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.

In the embodiment, the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.

The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.

The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 10⁸-5×10⁸Per gram; the trichoderma strain is selected from trichoderma harzianum or trichoderma viride;

the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁹-5×10⁹Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.

Example 3

A high-yield planting method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 125kg of quicklime per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering with black mulching film, and insolating in the sun for 3-5 days;

deeply ploughing the ground surface by 40-45cm again, and simultaneously applying 50t/hm of compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 17 parts of sunflower oil residues, 17 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 11 parts of bean dregs, 11 parts of fruit leftover materials, 30 parts of stable manure and 12 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 2 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 2 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a baking oven with the temperature of 38 ℃ for drying for 12min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7 part of bacillus agent, 7 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.7 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding 0.15% of biological humic acid, 0.55% of trace elements, 1.5% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of borax, 0.015% of indolebutyric acid, 0.015% of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015% of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5% of bentonite and 5.5% of water-added titanium fertilizer solution, wherein the biological humic acid accounts for 0.6% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, and uniformly mixing the mixture

Sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25-30%, and then pouring 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal manure water to the planting ditches, wherein the weight of each mu of the planting ditches is 2200 kg; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2.5kg of alfalfa seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta further contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.4 percent of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.45 percent of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 3 percent of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 27%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings are discharged completely until stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate at the ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage

Harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

The plant water extract in this example was obtained by the following preparation method:

the components in parts by weight are as follows: 20 parts of angelica dahurica, 18 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of cockscomb, 15 parts of dandelion, 13 parts of cassia seed, 12 parts of fern root, 10 parts of verbena, 12 parts of bitter melon seed, 11 parts of durian peel, 10 parts of tobacco, 8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 8 parts of lemon grass, 6 parts of gentian and 5 parts of tea leaves, crushing and mixing, and performing reflux extraction twice with ethanol for 30-45min each time.

The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.

The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.

The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 8 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.8 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 8 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.7 part of amino-oligosaccharin.

The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.

In the embodiment, the water-added titanium fertilizer solution is added with 0.5kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer solution.

The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.

The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 10⁸-5×10⁸Per gram; the trichoderma strain is selected from trichoderma harzianum or trichoderma viride;

the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁹-5×10⁹Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.

And selecting field blocks in the same environment, averagely dividing the field blocks into 4 groups, sowing 1 mu of seeds in each group, planting the seeds according to the planting method in the embodiment, and planting the seeds in the comparative example under the same conditions except for different seed treatment methods to obtain the following test results:

table 1: results of Performance testing of examples

Test items	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example
					Yield of the product	65.7kg	64.4kg	66.3kg	50.2kg

The analysis of the data shows that the planting method can obviously improve the yield of the alfalfa, and provides necessary technical support for large-scale popularization and planting of the alfalfa.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The high-yield planting method of the alfalfa is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as a alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 150kg of quicklime plus materials per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering a black mulching film, and insolating for 3-5 days in the sun;

deeply ploughing the ground surface by 40-45cm again, and simultaneously applying 50t/hm of compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu²In fine powder formLeveling the land, arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, and enabling the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows to be 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 15-30 parts of sunflower oil residues, 15-30 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 8-15 parts of bean dregs, 8-15 parts of fruit leftover materials, 20-40 parts of stable manure and 8-15 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20-30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10-20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shrivelled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5-6% and the temperature of 40-42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20-30min, taking out the leachate, freezing the leachate in a freezing box, taking out the leachate, drying the leachate in a drying oven with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 10-15min, placing the dried alfalfa seeds in an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out the alfalfa seeds; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3-4h at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5-10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-30 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5-1 part of bacillus agent, 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.8-1kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1-0.2% of salicylic acid solution, 0.5-0.6% of trace elements, 1-2% of urea, 0.2-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of borax, 0.01-0.02% of indolebutyric acid, 0.01-0.02% of naphthylacetic acid, 4-5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01-0.02% of trichoderma agent, 7-8% of bentonite and 5-6% of water-titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a uniformly stirred solution;

sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25-30%, and then spraying 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal excreta to the planting ditches, wherein the volume of each mu of the planting ditches is 2000-fold and 2500 kg; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2-3kg seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta also contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.5-1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1-1.8% of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.3-0.6% of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 2-4% of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 25-30%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings come out completely until the stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip water; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate in a ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage;

harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.

2. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant water extract is obtained by adopting the following preparation method:

the components in parts by weight are as follows: 20 parts of angelica dahurica, 18 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of cockscomb, 15 parts of dandelion, 13 parts of cassia seed, 12 parts of fern root, 10 parts of verbena, 12 parts of bitter melon seed, 11 parts of durian peel, 10 parts of tobacco, 8 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 8 parts of lemon grass, 6 parts of gentian and 5 parts of tea leaves, crushing and mixing, and performing reflux extraction twice with ethanol for 30-45min each time.

3. The high-yield planting method for alfalfa according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.

4. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, wherein the electric field pretreatment conditions of alfalfa seeds are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.

5. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7-9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15-25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7-9 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.

6. The method for planting alfalfa with a high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straw, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.

7. The high-yield planting method for alfalfa according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.

8. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trace elements are at least one of amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated molybdenum, amino acid chelated zinc and borax.

9. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trichoderma microbial inoculum is liquid trichoderma liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁸-5×10⁸Per gram; the trichoderma strain is selected from trichoderma harzianum or trichoderma viride;

the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 10⁹-5×10⁹Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.

10. The method for planting alfalfa in high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

land preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with high and flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, neutrality or slightly alkaline as alfalfa plantation, deeply turning the ground surface by 30-40cm, removing weeds, tree roots and shrubs, spreading 125kg of quicklime per mu, finely crushing and leveling the ground, covering with black mulching film, and insolating in the sun for 3-5 days;

deeply ploughing the ground surface by 40-45cm again, and simultaneously applying 50t/hm of compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu²Finely crushing and leveling the land, and arranging planting furrows with the width of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm, wherein the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15-20 cm; drainage ditches with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 20-25cm are arranged between every 4-6 planting ditches; the compost fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 17 parts of sunflower oil residues, 17 parts of rapeseed oil residues, 11 parts of bean dregs, 11 parts of fruit leftover materials, 30 parts of stable manure and 12 parts of water, and is prepared by the following preparation method:

respectively crushing the two types of oil residue, bean dregs and fruit leftover materials until the oil residue, the bean dregs and the fruit leftover materials can pass through a sieve pore of 10 mm;

mixing the two types of oil residues and bean dregs, animal manure and fruit leftover materials uniformly according to a proportion, sealing the mixture with mud after piling, covering two layers of plastic films, piling under outdoor natural conditions, fermenting for about 2 months, and turning the piles for 2-3 times;

after fermentation is finished, respectively collecting decomposed compost and percolate collected in the decomposing process;

seed treatment: soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying; irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 2 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 2 m; immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a baking oven with the temperature of 38 ℃ for drying for 12min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out; immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%; spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7 part of bacillus agent, 7 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.7 part of amino-oligosaccharin; putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring; uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of dry procyanidine powder, and then sequentially adding 0.15% of biological humic acid, 0.55% of trace elements, 1.5% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of borax, 0.015% of indolebutyric acid, 0.015% of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015% of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5% of bentonite and 5.5% of water-added titanium fertilizer solution, wherein the biological humic acid accounts for 0.6% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds;

sowing: spraying water until the soil humidity in the planting ditches is 25-30%, and then pouring 200-fold and 300-fold diluent of decomposed human and animal manure water to the planting ditches, wherein the weight of each mu of the planting ditches is 2200 kg; sowing the treated alfalfa seeds in the planting ditches, sowing 2.5kg of alfalfa seeds per mu, and spreading fine soil for 1.5-2.5 cm; the 200-fold 300-fold diluent of the decomposed human and animal excreta further contains calcium superphosphate accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.4 percent of the total weight of the diluent, ammonium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.45 percent of the total weight of the diluent and lime milk accounting for 3 percent of the total weight of the diluent;

thinning: after sowing, controlling the soil humidity of the planting garden to be 27%, and spraying water soluble fertilizer after seedlings are discharged completely until stems and leaves of the seedlings are wet but do not drip; thinning the seedlings for the first time after 2-3 true leaves grow out, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 2-4cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; when more than 6 true leaves grow on the seedlings, thinning for the second time, controlling the distance between the seedlings in the same planting ditch to be 6-8cm, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after thinning is finished; the water soluble fertilizer is a diluent of 500 times of a plant water extracting solution, and also comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounting for 1% of the total weight of the diluent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 1.5% of the total weight of the diluent, boric acid accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, lime water accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent and having the concentration of 18%, ferrous sulfate accounting for 0.6% of the total weight of the diluent, and sodium selenite accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the diluent;

planting management: after the alfalfa thinning is finished, controlling the humidity of soil in a planting ditch to be 20-30%, weeding once every month, and spraying water-soluble fertilizer once after weeding is finished;

spraying rotten compost leachate on leaf surfaces of the alfalfa from the branch period to the current thunder period, wherein the spraying amount is as follows: 80-120L/hm²Before spraying, the method comprises the following steps of: diluting the exudate in a ratio of 1000, and then spraying the foliage;

harvesting management: and (3) harvesting the alfalfa from the late stage to the initial flowering period of the flower buds of the alfalfa, leaving 3-5cm of stubble after harvesting, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once after harvesting until the surface soil is wet, continuously harvesting for 2-5 times, leaving 8-10cm of stubble after the last harvesting, weeding, overwintering, and controlling the interval between the last harvesting time and the beginning of overwintering of the alfalfa to be 25-35 d.