CN112369156A - Efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds - Google Patents
Efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
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- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds. The method can obviously improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds, relieve the phenomena of no emergence of seedlings or late emergence of seedlings, irregular emergence of seedlings and seedling and ridge breaking after the alfalfa seeds are sown, effectively improve the plant biomass, and ensure that the grown alfalfa grows fast and has strong drought resistance, particularly effectively solve the problem of low germination rate of the alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali or acid soil, and has higher practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds.
Background
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) belongs to the genus of alfalfa (Medicago) in the family of leguminoses (Leguminosae), is perennial pasture, and is known as the king of pasture because of the characteristics of good stress resistance, high quality, high yield and the like. The alfalfa can improve the soil through the biological nitrogen fixation effect, has high economic utilization value, has great utilization value for protecting and repairing the ecological environment, plays an important role in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in China and the protection of the ecological environment, and is widely planted in saline-alkali soil, beach land and soil degradation areas for land improvement and grassland recovery.
In recent years, alfalfa is grown by a large area as a main pasture quilt, so that the yield of alfalfa is gradually improved. However, the hard seed rate of the alfalfa plant is high, the hard seed rate of the alfalfa plant is not permeable or absorbs water late during germination, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seeds are affected, the seedling emergence is not realized or late after sowing, so that the emergence of the plant is irregular, the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused, and great difficulty is brought to the eradication of weeds, and the alfalfa plant is high in hard seed rate and slow in seedling growth, and alfalfa seed coating products aiming at the characteristics need to be developed urgently, meanwhile, the alfalfa belongs to medium saline-alkali resistant pasture and can be planted in a large amount of slightly saline soil, but when the salt content of the soil reaches more than 0.5%, the growth of the alfalfa is inhibited, so that the growth retardation, the vitality weakening, the yield reduction and the like are shown.
In summary, the alfalfa seeds are treated in a relevant way during sowing, so that the alfalfa planting range and yield are effectively improved, and the problem that the alfalfa planting range and yield are urgently needed to be solved is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds, which solves the problems of high requirement on planting environment, low germination rate of seeds, poor bud vigor, irregular emergence of seedlings, low yield and the like of the conventional planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20-30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10-20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shrivelled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5-6% and the temperature of 40-42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20-30min, taking out the leachate, freezing the leachate in a freezing box, taking out the leachate, drying the leachate in a drying oven with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 10-15min, placing the dried alfalfa seeds in an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out the alfalfa seeds;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3-4h at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5-10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-30 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5-1 part of bacillus agent, 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.8-1kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1-0.2% of salicylic acid solution, 0.5-0.6% of trace elements, 1-2% of urea, 0.2-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of borax, 0.01-0.02% of indolebutyric acid, 0.01-0.02% of naphthylacetic acid, 4-5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01-0.02% of trichoderma agent, 7-8% of bentonite and 5-6% of water-titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.
Preferably, the electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.
Preferably, the anti-disease treatment agent comprises: 7-9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15-25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7-9 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.
Preferably, the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder together, the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.
Preferably, the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.
Preferably, the trace element is at least one of amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated molybdenum, amino acid chelated zinc and borax.
Preferably, the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 109-5×109Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus
Preferably, the trichoderma microbial inoculum is liquid trichoderma liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma liquid is 4 multiplied by 108-5×108Per gram; the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.
Preferably, the efficient yield-increasing treatment method for the alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a drying oven with the temperature of 37 ℃ for drying for 13mi, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.75 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7.5 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.75 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.75% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly carried, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
placing the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine to roll at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 65mg of procyanidine dry powder, adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.6 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.15 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.55 percent of trace elements, 1.5 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 percent of borax, 0.015 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.015 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5 percent of bentonite and 5.5 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method carries out multiple treatments on the alfalfa seeds, can remarkably improve the emergence rate, the seedling protection rate and the seedling rate of the seeds by assisting the irradiation of rays, freezing and drying, electric field and disease-resistant treatment under the double actions of seed soaking by a seed soaking agent and seed coating by a seed coating agent, has strong acid-base resistance and weather resistance after treatment, provides technical support for the popularization and the planting of the alfalfa in acid soil in the south or saline-alkali soil in the north, and ensures that the disease resistance and the micro-fertilizer are mutually promoted by the coated seed coating agent, so that the later-period plant biomass is improved, the grown alfalfa grows fast and has strong drought resistance, the special creativity is matched with the nitrogen fixation effect of rhizobia and the use of other beneficial flora, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is effectively reduced, and the effects of no toxicity and harm to human beings and livestock, no environmental pollution, no pathogenicity and good stress resistance are realized;
the alfalfa seeds treated by the method can effectively and obviously improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds, relieve the phenomena of no emergence of seedlings or late emergence of seedlings, irregular emergence of seedlings and seedling and ridge breaking after the alfalfa seeds are sown, and greatly improve the yield of pasture in unit area.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% and the temperature of 40 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a drying oven with the temperature of 35 ℃ for drying for 10min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3-4h at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5 part of bacillus agent, 5 parts of glucose, 1 part of vitamin and 0.5 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until bacteria are uniformly carried, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
and (2) placing the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine to roll at a constant speed, mixing 0.8kg of alfalfa seeds with 60 kg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.5 percent of trace elements, 1 percent of urea, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 percent of borax, 0.01 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.01 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7 percent of bentonite and 5 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.
The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.
The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 7 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7 parts of glucose, 1 part of vitamin and 0.5 part of amino-oligosaccharin.
The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10: 1.
In the embodiment, the water-added titanium fertilizer solution is added with 0.4kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer solution.
The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.
The bacillus agent in the embodiment is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 109-5×109Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus
The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 108-5×108Per gram; the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.
Example 2
An efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 3 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 6% and the temperature of 42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 30min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into an oven with the temperature of 40 ℃ for drying for 15min, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 4 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 30 parts of cyclodextrin, 1 part of bacillus agent, 10 parts of glucose, 5 parts of vitamin and 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniform, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
placing the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine to roll at a constant speed, mixing 1kg of alfalfa seeds with 70mg of procyanidine dry powder, and then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.7 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.2 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.6 percent of trace elements, 2 percent of urea, 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 percent of borax, 0.02 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.02 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.02 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 8 percent of bentonite and 6 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the pill-coated alfalfa seeds.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.
The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.
The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 9 parts of glucose, 5 parts of vitamin and 1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.
The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 12: 1.
In the embodiment, 0.6kg of water is added into 1ml of the titanium fertilizer liquid.
The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.
The bacillus agent in the embodiment is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 109-5×109Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus
The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 108-5×108Per gram; the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.
Example 3
An efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 2 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 2 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a drying oven with the temperature of 37 ℃ for drying for 13mi, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.75 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7.5 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.75 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.75% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly carried, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
placing the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine to roll at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 65mg of procyanidine dry powder, adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.6 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.15 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.55 percent of trace elements, 1.5 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 percent of borax, 0.015 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.015 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5 percent of bentonite and 5.5 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid in the embodiment is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.
The electric field pretreatment conditions of the alfalfa seeds in this embodiment are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.
The anti-disease treatment agent in this embodiment includes: 8 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.8 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 8 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.8 part of amino-oligosaccharin.
The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry in the embodiment is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, wherein the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straws, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 11: 1.
In the embodiment, the water-added titanium fertilizer solution is added with 0.5kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer solution.
The trace elements in this embodiment are at least one of iron amino acid chelate, molybdenum amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, and borax.
The bacillus agent in the embodiment is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 109-5×109Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus
The trichoderma microbial inoculum in the embodiment is liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 108-5×108Per gram; the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.
Selecting full-grain alfalfa seeds, and treating the seeds by using the treatment method of the embodiment and the treatment method of the comparative example, wherein the treatment method of the comparative example is to perform no pre-treatment on the seeds, perform a germination test on the seeds on paper according to the germination standard of alfalfa seed pill coat seeds in the herbage seed test regulation (GB/T2930.10-2001), select 100 alfalfa pill coat seeds, put the seeds into 11.5 multiplied by 11.5cm containing 3 layers of filter paper2In petri dishes, 4 replicates were set and naked seeds were Control (CK). The culture dish is placed in a light incubator (GXZ-380B-LED) and cultured under the conditions of constant temperature of 20 ℃, light for 8 hours and dark for 16 hours. The primary count is4d, the last count is 10 d. And counting the number of normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, fresh non-sprouting number, hard seed number and dead seed number, randomly taking 10 normal seedlings out of the culture dish after the 10 th sprouting is finished, measuring the length of the seedlings, weighing the seedlings, and calculating the germination vigor, the germination rate, the length of the seedlings and the weight of the seedlings. Counting the germination condition of the seeds every 24 hours during the culture period, and calculating the average germination time by taking the standard that the radicle breaks through the seed coat by 2 mm;
and selecting field blocks in the same environment, averagely dividing the field blocks into 4 groups, sowing 1 mu of seeds of the embodiment or the comparative example in each group, and obtaining the following test results under the same conditions except different seed treatment methods:
table 1: results of Performance testing of examples
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
| Germination rate | 94.5％ | 93.1％ | 95.3％ | 85.28％ |
| Vigor of germination | 97.2％ | 98.7％ | 98.4％ | 89.5％ |
| Alfalfa root surface area | 6.3mm2 | 5.9mm2 | 6.4mm2 | 4.3mm2 |
| Yield of the product | 64.7kg | 62.5kg | 67.8kg | 54.2kg |
The analysis of the data shows that the high-efficiency treatment method can obviously improve the germination vigor and the germination rate of the alfalfa seeds, relieve the phenomena of no emergence or late emergence of seedlings, irregular emergence of seedlings, seedling shortage and ridge breaking after the alfalfa is sown, effectively improve the plant biomass, and ensure that the grown alfalfa grows fast and has strong drought resistance.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 20-30 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 10-20min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shrivelled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5-6% and the temperature of 40-42 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 20-30min, taking out the leachate, freezing the leachate in a freezing box, taking out the leachate, drying the leachate in a drying oven with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 10-15min, placing the dried alfalfa seeds in an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out the alfalfa seeds;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3-4h at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 5-10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-30 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.5-1 part of bacillus agent, 5-10 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacterial strains are uniformly contained, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
uniformly rolling the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine at a constant speed, mixing 0.8-1kg of alfalfa seeds with 60-70mg of procyanidine dry powder, then sequentially adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.1-0.2% of salicylic acid solution, 0.5-0.6% of trace elements, 1-2% of urea, 0.2-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of borax, 0.01-0.02% of indolebutyric acid, 0.01-0.02% of naphthylacetic acid, 4-5% of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.01-0.02% of trichoderma agent, 7-8% of bentonite and 5-6% of water-titanium fertilizer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
2. The efficient yield-increasing treatment method for alfalfa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid is as follows: preparing LB liquid culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2.5:1 of sodium chloride, tryptone and yeast powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5 by using distilled water as a solvent, sterilizing at high temperature of 120 ℃, adding 60 mu L of Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid into each 100mL of LB liquid culture medium after the cooling temperature is lower than 18 ℃, culturing overnight on a constant-temperature culture shaking table at the rotating speed of 200r/min and the temperature of 32 ℃, and taking out for later use when the concentration of the bacterial liquid is determined to be OD600 to be 0.8.
3. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, wherein the electric field pretreatment conditions of alfalfa seeds are as follows: the needle-plate spacing was 5cm, the voltage was 5kV, and the treatment time was 10 min.
4. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7-9 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 15-25 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7-0.9 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7-9 parts of glucose, 1-5 parts of vitamin and 0.5-1 part of amino-oligosaccharin.
5. The method for efficient yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria slurry is prepared by mixing air-dried sludge and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder, the sludge is prepared by retting soil, human excrement and straw, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria powder is 10-12: 1.
6. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water-added titanium fertilizer liquid is added with 0.4kg-0.6kg of water per 1ml of titanium fertilizer liquid.
7. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trace elements are at least one of amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated molybdenum, amino acid chelated zinc and borax.
8. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bacillus agent is liquid bacillus liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting bacillus, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid bacillus liquid is 4 multiplied by 109-5×109Per gram; the bacillus strain is selected from one or more of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus subtilis or bacillus pumilus.
9. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trichoderma microbial inoculum is liquid trichoderma liquid prepared by culturing and fermenting trichoderma, and the effective bacteria content of the liquid trichoderma liquid is 4 multiplied by 108-5×108Per gram; the Trichoderma strain is selected from Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viride.
10. The method for high-efficiency yield increase treatment of alfalfa seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
soaking mature alfalfa seeds in 0.15% potassium permanganate solution at 25 deg.C, soaking under ultraviolet radiation for 15min, rinsing with clear water, screening, removing shriveled grains, and air drying;
irradiating the dried alfalfa seeds with gamma rays of radioactive isotope protactinium for 1 to 3 hours, wherein the ray intensity is Gr600 and the irradiation distance is 1 to 3 m;
immersing the irradiated alfalfa seeds in a zinc gluconate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5.5% and the temperature of 41 ℃ for heat preservation and soaking for 25min, taking out the leachate, putting the leachate into a freezing box for freezing, taking out, putting the leachate into a drying oven with the temperature of 37 ℃ for drying for 13mi, putting the dried alfalfa seeds into an electric field for electric field treatment, and taking out;
immersing the alfalfa seeds subjected to electric field treatment in a seed soaking agent for 3.5 hours at normal temperature, and then drying the soaked seeds under a vacuum condition until the water content is lower than 10%;
spraying a disease-resistant treatment agent on the surface of the dried alfalfa seeds, wherein the disease-resistant treatment agent comprises: 7.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts of cyclodextrin, 0.75 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, 7.5 parts of glucose, 3 parts of vitamin and 0.75 part of amino-oligosaccharin;
putting the alfalfa seeds subjected to disease-resistant treatment into a stirrer, adding alfalfa rhizobia accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds and bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterial liquid accounting for 0.75% of the mass of the alfalfa seeds while stirring, continuing stirring until the bacteria are uniformly carried, adding a mixed solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate, and continuously stirring;
placing the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds in a coating machine to roll at a constant speed, mixing 0.9kg of alfalfa seeds with 65mg of procyanidine dry powder, adding biological humic acid accounting for 0.6 percent of the mass of the alfalfa seeds, 0.15 percent of salicylic acid solution, 0.55 percent of trace elements, 1.5 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 percent of borax, 0.015 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.015 percent of naphthylacetic acid, 4.5 percent of phosphorus-dissolving bacterium slurry, 0.015 percent of trichoderma bacterium agent, 7.5 percent of bentonite and 5.5 percent of water-added titanium fertilizer solution in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the uniformly stirred alfalfa seeds.
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Application publication date: 20210219 |