CN1122905C - 电源装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明获得能够始终以最佳状态运行的电源装置。开始向根据被输入的开关信号的占空比升压率能够变更的升压电路输入开关信号(步骤100),从连接在升压电路后级的逆变电路的输出电流II计算出逆变电路的输出电力PI(步骤102)以后,根据输出电力PI求出升压电路升压后的目标电压VM(步骤104),在升压电路的实际输出电压VS小于目标电压VM时提高上述开关信号的占空比,大于目标电压时降低上述开关信号的占空比(步骤106~步骤112)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电源装置,特别涉及把用太阳电池发电的直流电力升压以后使用逆变电路变换为交流电力的太阳能发电装置。
背景技术
近年来,把使用逆变电路等使得从太阳电池输出的直流电力变换为与商用电力相同的交流电力的太阳能发电装置与商用电力网连接起来,向家电产品等负荷进行供电的电网连接系统正在引起人们的注目。
在适用于这样的电网连接系统中的现有的太阳能发电装置中,有通过升压斩波电路等升压电路把从太阳电池输出的直流电力的电压升压以后,使用逆变电路把该被升压了的直流电力变换为交流电力的装置。这时,在上述现有的太阳能发电装置中,控制升压电路中的升压率使得升压后的电压值成为恒定值。
然而,在上述现有的太阳能发电装置中,如上述那样由于控制升压电路的升压率使得升压后的电压值成为恒定值,所以存在着在太阳电池的发电电力低的情况下太阳电池的动作电压成为不稳定这样的问题。
下面更详细地说明这一点。
在现有的太阳能发电装置中,由于控制升压电路的升压率使得升压后的电压值成为恒定值,所以在太阳电池的输出电压小的情况下,必须加大升压电路升压率。
另一方面,太阳电池的输出电压—输出电流特性由于用图6所示那样的曲线所表示,所以如果升压电路的升压率加大,流过的电流加大,则太阳电池的动作电压移动到减小的方向(图6左方向),进而降低太阳电池的动作电压。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题点而产生的,目的在于提供使用了能够使太阳电池始终以最佳状态进行动作的太阳能发电的电源装置。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供一种电源装置,该电源装置把用太阳电池生成的直流电力变换为预定频率的交流电力后,将其与流过商用交流电源线路的交流电力的相位相吻合地供给到商用交流电源线路中,它包括:升压装置,其输入端连接到所述太阳电池的输出端,用于把上述直流电力的电压升压为所设定的预定目标电压;电力变换装置,其输入端连接到所述升压装置的输出端,用于把由上述升压装置升压了的直流电力变换为上述预定频率的交流电力;以及控制装置,其输入端与所述电力变换装置的输出端相连,其输出端与所述升压装置及电力变换装置的输入端相连,用于根据从上述电力变换装置输出的交流电力控制上述升压装置的目标电压。
如果依据本发明方案1的电源装置,则使用升压装置,能把从太阳电池输出的直流电力的电压升压为所设定的目标电压,使用电力变换装置,能把由上述升压装置升压了的直流电力变换为交流电力并且进行输出。
这时,使用控制装置根据从电力变换装置输出的交流电力设定上述升压装置的目标电压。
这样,如果依据上述方案的电源装置,则由于根据从电力变换装置输出的交流电力设定升压装置的目标电压,所以可以不把升压装置的升压率设定为大于所需要的值,能够使太阳能发电始终稳定地动作,同时,不必要把升压装置的输出电压设定为高于所需要的值,因此能够预先防止装置变换效率的降低。
本发明方案2的电源装置是在方案1的电源装置中,上述控制装置把上述升压装置的目标电压设定为随着从上述电力变换装置输出的交流电力的增加而上升。
如果依据方案1的电源装置,则由于根据从电力变换装置输出的交流电力设定升压装置的目标电压,所以具有可以不把升压装置的升压率设定为大于所需要的值,能够使发电装置始终稳定地动作,同时不需要把升压装置的输出电压设定为高于所需要的值,能够预先防止装置变换效率的降低的效果。
如果依据方案2的电源装置,则由于进行设定使得随着从电力变换装置输出的交流电力的增加使升压装置的目标电压上升,所以具有能够防止把升压装置的升压率设定为所需要的值以上的效果。
另外,方案3的电源装置中根据电力变换装置的输出电压改变目标电压,能够不把升压装置的升压率加大到所需要的值以上,能够使太阳能发电始终稳定地动作,同时,不需要把升压装置的输出电压设定为高于所需要的值,能够预先防止装置变换效率的降低。
附图说明
图1是示出实施形态中发电装置的概略结构的框图。
图2是示出实施形态中升压电路详细结构的框图。
图3是示出实施形态中升压电路所输入的开关信号的状态的同时,在升压电路动作原理的说明中使用的时序图。
图4是示出实施形态中用微机实行升压电路控制时的控制程序顺序的流程图。
图5(A)是示出上述实施形态中逆变电路20的输出电压和升压电路18的目标电压关系一例的曲线图,(B)以及(C)是示出逆变电路20的输出电压和升压电路18的目标电压关系其它例的曲线图。
图6是在现有技术问题点的说明中使用的太阳电池的输出电压—输出电流特性图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,详细地说明本发明中的电源装置的实施形态。
图1是示出把本发明的电源装置适用于连接到商用电力网的电网连接系统中的情况下的结构的框图。如该图所示,本实施形态的太阳能发电装置10中具有太阳电池12,太阳电池12的输出端通过防止反流用的二极管14连接到直流用的噪声滤波器16上。
另外,噪声滤波器16的输出端连接到根据从后述的微型计算机(以下,称为微机)32输入的开关信号S进行所输入的直流电力的升压的升压电路18上,升压电路18的输出端连接到把所输入的直流电力变换为交流电力后进行输出的逆变电路20上,进而逆变电路20的输出端连接到交流用的噪声滤波器22上。另外,逆变电路20具有根据从后述的微机32输入的开关信号,把所输入的直流电力变换为与商用电源相同频率(例如50Hz或者60Hz)的交流(该逆变电路20的输出例如是锯齿波)的作用。另外,后面将叙述升压电路18的详细结构。
进而,噪声滤波器22的输出端经过解列导体24连接到商用电力系统28上。
另一方面,发电装置10具有进行发电装置10总体控制的微机32,在微机32中按各个预定的抽样周期(本实施形态中是0.5秒)输入用由隔离放大器组成的第1电压检测单元34检测出来的太阳电池12的输出电压,用由变流器CT组成的第1电流检测单元36检测出来的太阳电池12的输出电流,用由隔离放大器组成的第2电压检测单元38检查出来的升压电路18的输出电压,用由变流器CT组成的第2电流检测单元40检测出来的逆变电路20的输出电流以及用由变压器PT组成的电压波形检测单元42检测出来的商用电力系统28的电压波形。
微机32进而连接到解列导体24上,在检测出商用电力系统28停电的情况下,释放解列导体24的接点,把逆变电路20从商用电力系统28分离(解列)。
另外,作为停电的检测方法,一般已知有3次谐波的检测,频率变化等的方法。
另外,微机32连接到升压电路18上,根据用第2电压检测单元38检测出的升压电路18的输出电压以及用第2电流检测单元40检测出的逆变电路20的输出电流,控制输入到升压电路18的开关信号S的占空比。
进而,微机32连接到逆变电路20上,根据用电压波形检测单元42检测出的商用电力系统28的电压波形,产生开关信号并输入到逆变电路20中使得逆变电路20的输出电力的相位和周期与商用电源一致。
另外,升压电路18相当于本发明的升压装置,逆变电路20相当于本发明的电力变换装置,微机32相当于本发明的控制装置。
其次,参照图2说明升压电路18的详细结构。如该图所示,升压电路18中,具有用于把从噪声滤波器16输入的直流电力进行平滑的平滑电容器50以及扼流线圈52,由开关元件以及二极管构成的开关电路54,为了得到输出一侧的滤波效果而连接的二极管56以及电容器58。
即,升压电路18构成利用扼流线圈52中的电磁能量把输出电压VS升压到从噪声滤波器16加入的电压VD以上的升压斩波电路。另外,作为构成上述开关电路54的开关元件能够使用功率晶体管,功率FET等。
这里,来自该升压电路18的输出电压VS的平均值V根据输入到开关电路54的开关元件中的图3所示的开关信号S的占空比,由下面(1)式给出。
另外,(1)式中a(=ton/t)一般称为流通率。如从上述(1)式所明确的那样,导通周期ton对于开关信号S的一个周期t的比例越大,即占空比越大则来自升压电路18的输出电压VS的平均值V的值就越大。
其次,参照图4,说明本实施形态中发电装置10的控制电路18控制时的作用。另外,图4是为了控制升压电路18而用微机32实施的控制程序的流程图。
首先,在步骤100中,开始对升压电路18进行占空比为0的开关信号S的输入,然后,通过渐渐地升高开关信号S的占空比升压电路18的输出电压上升,在该输出电压到达预定的目标电压的时刻而开始逆变电路20的动作后转移到步骤102。另外,这时预定的目标电压相当于图5(A)的曲线中逆变电路20的输出电力PI为0时的目标电压。
在接着的步骤102中,根据用第2电流检测单元40检测出来的逆变电路20的输出电流II计算出逆变电路20的输出电力PI(=II×商用电力的电压)。
在接着的步骤104中,根据输出电力PI,求出由升压电路18升压后的目标电压VM。这时,求出目标电压VM使得逆变电路20的输出电力PI和目标电压VM成为图5(A)所示的关系。
即,逆变电路20的输出电力PI为0到1[kW]时目标电压VM取一定值,在输出电力PI大于1[kW]时伴随输出电力PI的增加使目标电压VM上升。另外,作为这时的目标电压VM的具体求出方法,能够使用预先把成为图5(A)所示关系的逆变电路20的输出电力PI和升压电路18的目标电压VM的图表存储在微机32内未图示的存储器中,参照该图表求出的方法。
另外,上述的1[kW]只是一例,本发明并不限定于该值。
在接着的步骤106中,判断用第2电压检测单元38检测出来的升压电路18的输出电压VS的值是否小于目标电压VM,在小于的情况下转移到步骤108,提高输入到升压电路18的开关信号S的占空比使得升压电路18的输出电压VS成为目标电压VM,然后返回到步骤102。
另一方面,在步骤106中,在判断为升压电路18的输出电压VS的值不小于目标电压VM的情况下转移到步骤110,判断输出电压VS的值是否大于目标电压VM,在大于的情况下转移到步骤112,降低开关信号S的占空比使得升压电路18的输出电压VS成为目标电压VM,然后返回到步骤102。
另外,在步骤110中,升压电路18的输出电压VS的值被判断为不大于目标电压VM时,即输出电压VS的值与目标电压VM的值相等的情况下,不变更开关信号S的占空比返回到步骤102。
以后,通过反复执行上述步骤102至步骤112的处理,进行控制使得升压电路18的输出电压VS的值对应于逆变电路20的输出电力PI的大小成为图5(A)所示的关系。
这样,在本实施形态的发电装置10中,由于根据逆变电路20的输出电力PI的大小变更升压电路18的输出电压VS,所以不会使升压电路18的升压率大于所需要的值,能够使发电装置10始终稳定地动作,同时,由于不需要把升压电路18的输出电压VS的值设定为高于需要的值,所以不会降低装置的变换效率。
另外,本实施形态中,说明了根据逆变电路20的输出电力PI求出升压电路18的输出电压VS使得成为图5(A)所示的关系的情况,然而本发明并不限定于此,例如也可以像图5(B)所示那样采取随着逆变电路20的输出电力PI的增加使输出电压VS直线性地上升的形态,还可以像图5(C)所示那样采取随着逆变电路20的输出电力PI的增加使输出电压VS阶段地上升的形态。这些情况下也能够起到与本实施形态大致相同的效果。
另外,本实施形态中,作为升压电路18说明了使用升压斩波电路(直线型升压电路)的情况,然而本发明并不限定于此,也可以采取适用使用了倍压整流电路,串并联斩波电路等的升压电路的形态。
Claims (3)
1.一种电源装置,把用太阳电池生成的直流电力变换为预定频率的交流电力后,将其与流过商用交流电源线路的交流电力的相位相吻合地供给到商用交流电源线路中,其特征在于包括:
升压装置,其输入端连接到所述太阳电池的输出端,用于把上述直流电力的电压升压为所设定的预定目标电压;
电力变换装置,其输入端连接到所述升压装置的输出端,用于把由上述升压装置升压了的直流电力变换为上述预定频率的交流电力;以及
控制装置,其输入端与所述电力变换装置的输出端相连,其输出端与所述升压装置及电力变换装置的输入端相连,用于根据从上述电力变换装置输出的交流电力控制上述升压装置的目标电压。
2.权利要求1所述的电源装置,其特征在于:
上述控制装置把上述升压装置的目标电压设定为随着从上述电力变换装置输出的交流电力的增加而上升。
3.权利要求1或2所述的电源装置,其特征在于:
上述控制装置根据上述交流电力的电压修正目标电压。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP08468198A JP3744679B2 (ja) | 1998-03-30 | 1998-03-30 | 太陽光発電装置 |
JP84681/1998 | 1998-03-30 | ||
JP84681/98 | 1998-03-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1230708A CN1230708A (zh) | 1999-10-06 |
CN1122905C true CN1122905C (zh) | 2003-10-01 |
Family
ID=13837445
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN98122545A Expired - Fee Related CN1122905C (zh) | 1998-03-30 | 1998-11-20 | 电源装置 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US6058035A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0947904B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3744679B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100614570B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1122905C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69912342T2 (zh) |
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KR19990076523A (ko) | 1999-10-15 |
EP0947904A2 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
EP0947904B1 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
CN1230708A (zh) | 1999-10-06 |
DE69912342T2 (de) | 2004-08-12 |
EP0947904A3 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
KR100614570B1 (ko) | 2006-10-24 |
DE69912342D1 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
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