CN112273658A - 一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1菌种的活化及种子液的制备,S2微胶囊的制备,S3微胶囊二次包衣,通过二次包埋的微胶囊制备,有效提高了冻干菌粉中菌体对酸性环境的耐受性,具有良好的肠溶性,可以在肠中及时释放出包裹的益生菌。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微胶囊制品技术领域,具体涉及一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法。
背景技术
微胶囊是指一种具有聚合物或无机物壁的微型容器或包装物。微胶囊造粒技术就是将固体、液体或气体包埋、封存在一种微型胶囊内成为一种固体微粒产品的技术。
双歧杆菌是一种重要的肠道有益微生物,益生菌大致可分为类:双歧杆菌和乳杆菌,其中双歧杆菌包括长双歧杆菌,短双歧杆菌,青春双歧杆菌等,这类益生菌群的主要作用是:通过保护身体不受病原菌的感染,达到提高有机体免疫力的功效;通过抑制人体肠道内的致病菌的生长繁殖造成的腐败情况,促进肠道的蠕动,达到防止便秘的功效;同时在预防和治疗腹泻,分解致癌物质等方面也有重要作用,双歧杆菌作为一种生理性有益菌,对人体健康具有生物屏障、营养作用、抗肿瘤作用、免疫增强作用、改善胃肠道功能、抗衰老等多种重要的生理功能,双歧杆菌最主要产物主要包括乳酸、乙酸等,可改善机体pH值,促进铁和维生素D的吸收并提高磷、铁、钙的利用率;双歧杆菌可以通过磷蛋白磷酸酶分解α-酪蛋白,促进蛋白吸收。
益生菌想要对有机体发挥益生作用,不仅要保证摄入到体内的益生菌是有活性的,同时还要使益生菌有足够的数量在肠道内定植,通过促进肠道内有益菌的生长繁殖、抑制致病菌的活性达到改善人体肠道功能的特性。但是目前的益生菌制剂由于其制备方法的局限性,导致益生菌对人体内胆汁盐、胃液中酸性环境的耐受性差,通常使得到达肠道内的益生菌的数量少于可以发挥益生作用的益生菌的活菌数。微胶囊技术可以有效解决这一问题,通过选择合适的壁材将益生菌包裹起来,既能使益生菌顺利通过胆盐、胃酸环境,又因其良好的溶解性可以将益生菌及时在肠道内释放定植,从而促进益生菌对人体保健作用的发挥。目前混合壁材和涂层壁材对益生菌的包埋可以在一定程度上对菌活力起到保护作用,但均存在不足之处,如粒径过大、不能定点释放等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决背景技术中所提出的问题,而提供一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,通过二次包埋的微胶囊制备,有效提高了冻干菌粉中菌体对酸性环境的耐受性,具有良好的肠溶性,可以在肠中及时释放出包裹的益生菌。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、菌种的活化及种子液的制备:将低温保存的双歧杆菌在37℃恒温MRS液体培养基中进行传代培养,经三代培养后的菌液稀释后接种在MRS固体培养基中培养24-48h,挑单菌落接种至MRS液体培养基活化传代2-3的种子液离心洗涤后,得到浓缩菌液低温保存备用;
S2、微胶囊的制备:以海藻酸钠和碳酸钙为壁材,双歧杆菌为囊材,将S1得到的浓缩菌液活化2-3代后收集菌泥,将灭菌后的海藻酸钠溶液、菌泥和碳酸钙溶液混合均匀,加入含有吐温80的大豆油,搅拌乳化后加入含有冰乙酸的大豆油,待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用洗涤介质醋酸盐溶液洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃的条件下储藏;
S3、微胶囊二次包衣:将S2中的单层微胶囊置于壳聚糖溶液中,搅拌静置后过滤收集得到微胶囊。
优选的,S2中,海藻酸钠和碳酸钙质量比为1:1-8,冰醋酸加入量200-1000μL,乳化剂加入量200-1000μL,乳化时间为5-25min,搅拌速度200-1000r/min,水油体积比1:1-7。
优选的,S3中的壳聚糖溶液中的壳聚糖浓度为0.2-1%,壳聚糖溶液中的pH为3.5-6.5。
优选的,S1中浓缩菌液中活菌浓度至少为109cfu/mL。
优选的,所述双歧杆菌采用两歧双歧杆菌F-35。
优选的,在S3制得的微胶囊中加入保护剂经过预冷后放入真空冷冻干燥剂保存24h。
优选的,所述保护剂为脱脂乳、海藻糖、甘油和L-半胱氨酸的混合物,菌泥和保护剂比例为1:2.5,其中海藻糖浓度10%,脱脂乳浓度为15%,甘油浓度3%,L-半胱氨酸浓度2%,得到的活菌浓度至少为7.88×109cfu/mL。
优选的,微胶囊包埋率的测定:将1g微胶囊加入到9mL磷酸盐冲溶液中,在摇床中于37℃、230r/min摇晃30min,取样,行活菌计数,同时,计算最初添加的活菌数,则有双歧杆菌的包埋率满足:
EY/%=m2/m0×100,
式中:m0为起始添加的活菌数(cfu /mL),m2为微胶囊中包埋的活菌数(cfu /mL)。
优选的,微胶囊的形态观察及粒径的分析:用玻璃棒沾取微胶囊的分散溶液1滴,置于载玻片上,用光学显微镜进行形态观察,用测微尺测定胶囊的粒径,计数100个以上,取平均值,通过扫描电子显微镜观察微胶囊冷冻干燥后的结构。
优选的,微胶囊耐受性检测包括如下步骤:
1)配置解囊液:分别配制浓度为0.1mol/L的磷酸氢二钠和浓度为0.05mol/L的柠檬酸,调节pH至7.25,121℃灭菌15min后待用;
2)模拟人工胃液:取浓度为0.1mol/L稀盐酸溶液16.4mL,胃蛋白酶10g,加无菌水搅拌均匀后,定容至1L,调节pH至1.2,过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌备用;
3)模拟人工肠液:称取磷酸二氢钾6.8g,胰蛋白酶10g,加适量无菌水使之溶解,定容至1L,调节pH至7.4,过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌备用;
4)在人工胃液中的耐受性测试:取1g微胶囊加入装有99mL人工胃液的三角瓶中,于37℃、230r/min下摇床中震荡处理0、30、60、90、120min后分别取样,活菌计数,另取1mL菌悬液作对照;
5)在人工肠液中的耐受性测试:取1g微胶囊加入装有99mL人工肠液的三角瓶中,于37℃摇床中震荡处理0,0.5,1,1.5,2h,分别取样后进行活菌计数,测定其溶出情况;
6)连续的胃肠道试验:取1g微胶囊置于9mL胃液中,于37℃、30r/min条件下处理60min后取样进行活菌计数,离心收集微胶囊后加入胆盐溶液,30min后取样进行活菌计数,离心,用生理盐水洗涤后加入肠液,振荡处理60min后取样计数。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明提供的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,内源乳化法采用难溶性钙盐作为钙源,克服了外源乳化法中氯化钙溶液加入引起的微胶囊成簇凝聚现象,更易控制微胶囊粒径,且颗粒粒径比较均一。
2、本发明提供的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,采用内源乳化法,碳酸钙为钙载体,海藻酸钠为壁材,壳聚糖为涂层材料,有效保护双歧杆菌免受胃酸损害,同时增加其在肠道中的定向释放,通过微胶囊的包埋和冷冻保护剂的优化,提高了益生菌双歧杆菌的活菌数量,所得双歧杆菌微胶囊不需冷藏保存,保质期内的活菌数仍≥9.5lgcfu /g。
3、本发明提供的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,将壳聚糖引入海藻酸钙体系后,在其表面形成致密的壳聚糖-海藻酸钠聚电解质复合膜,形成“核壳”结构,使得微胶囊表面更为致密、裂纹分布更少,从而起到了很好的保护作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
结合图1,一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、菌种的活化及种子液的制备:将低温保存的双歧杆菌在37℃恒温MRS液体培养基中进行传代培养,经三代培养后的菌液稀释后接种在MRS固体培养基中培养24-48h,挑单菌落接种至MRS液体培养基活化传代2-3的种子液离心洗涤后,得到浓缩菌液低温保存备用;
S2、微胶囊的制备:以海藻酸钠和碳酸钙为壁材,双歧杆菌为囊材,将S1得到的浓缩菌液活化2-3代后收集菌泥,将灭菌后的海藻酸钠溶液、菌泥和碳酸钙溶液混合均匀,加入含有吐温80的大豆油,搅拌乳化后加入含有冰乙酸的大豆油,待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用洗涤介质醋酸盐溶液洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃的条件下储藏;
S3、微胶囊二次包衣:将S2中的单层微胶囊置于壳聚糖溶液中,搅拌静置后过滤收集得到微胶囊。
实施例2
在实施例1的基础上,一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1:菌种的活化及种子液的制备:将低温保存的双歧杆菌在37℃恒温MRS液体培养基中进行传代培养,经三代培养后的菌液稀释后接种在MRS固体培养基中培养36h,挑单菌落接种至MRS液体培养基活化传代2-3的种子液离心洗涤后,得到浓缩菌液低温保存备用;
液体MRS培养基:蛋白胨10.0g,酵母膏5.0g,葡萄糖20.0g,乙钠5.0g,牛肉10.0g,吐温80 1.0ml,柠檬酸氢二胺2.0g,磷酸氢二钾2.0g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g,MnSO4·H2O 1.0g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH6.2-6.4,115℃灭菌20min。
固体MRS培养基:在MRS液体培养基中加入1.5%(w/v)的琼脂。
采用平板计数法进行活菌计数,即在无菌条件下将培养好的混合菌种用菌水以10 倍递增稀释至合适的浓度梯度,取 0.1 m L合适的浓度梯度的混合培养液接种到 MRS固体培养基中,均匀涂布后置于恒温培养箱中 37 ℃培 养48 h,将菌落数在 30cfu/m L-300cfu/m L 之间的平板进行统计并分别计算相同稀释倍数的菌落数,再计算平均值:
单位体积中活菌个数(cfu/m L)=相同稀释梯度的平均菌落数×稀释的倍数×5。
S2、微胶囊的制备:以海藻酸钠和碳酸钙为壁材,双歧杆菌为囊材,将S1得到的浓缩菌液活化2-3代后在4000r/min、4℃下离心10min收集菌泥,将灭菌后的海藻酸钠溶液、菌泥和碳酸钙溶液混合均匀,加入含有600μL吐温80的大豆油,450r/min下搅拌乳化15min后加入含有0.5%冰乙酸的大豆油,450r/min下搅拌30min,待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用洗涤介质60mL醋酸盐溶液洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后4000r/min离心10min收集得到的微胶囊在4℃的条件下储藏。
其中海藻酸钠和碳酸钙质量比1:1-8(1:6),水油体积比1:1-7(1:3),微胶囊中益生菌的包埋率达到最高为87.2%。
S3、微胶囊二次包衣:将S2中的单层微胶囊置于壳聚糖溶液中,100r/min下搅拌20min后静置60min,过滤收集得到微胶囊。
其中壳聚糖溶液:将0.6g壳聚糖溶于90mL蒸馏水,加入0.4mL冰醋酸将其溶解,蒸馏水定容至100mL,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至5.6-6.0。
微胶囊包埋率EY满足:EY/%=m2/m0×100,式中:m0为起始添加的活菌数(cfu/mL),m2为微胶囊中包埋的活菌数(cfu/mL)。
实施例3
在实施例2的基础上,微胶囊的形态观察及粒径的分析:用玻璃棒沾取微胶囊的分散溶液1滴,置于载玻片上,用光学显微镜进行形态观察,用测微尺测定胶囊的粒径,计数100个以上,取平均值,将制备的微胶囊经过预冻后放入真空冷冻干燥机中,24h后取出,测定冻干益生菌微胶囊中菌体的包埋率和活菌数,菌泥和保护剂比例为1:2.5,保护剂中海藻糖浓度10%,脱脂乳浓度为15%,甘油浓度3%,L-半胱氨酸2%,包埋率达到最高为84.5%,此时活菌数至少为7.88×109cfu/mL,通过扫描电子显微镜观察微胶囊冷冻干燥后的结构。
微胶囊耐受性检测包括如下步骤:
1)配置解囊液:分别配制浓度为0.1mol/L的磷酸氢二钠和浓度为0.05mol/L的柠檬酸,调节pH至7.25,121℃灭菌15min后待用;
2)模拟人工胃液:取浓度为0.1mol/L稀盐酸溶液16.4mL,胃蛋白酶10g,加无菌水搅拌均匀后,定容至1L,调节pH至1.2,过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌备用;
3)模拟人工肠液:称取磷酸二氢钾6.8g,胰蛋白酶10g,加适量无菌水使之溶解,定容至1L,调节pH至7.4,过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌备用;
4)在人工胃液中的耐受性测试:取1g微胶囊加入装有99mL人工胃液的三角瓶中,于37℃、230r/min下摇床中震荡处理0、30、60、90、120min后分别取样,活菌计数,另取1mL菌悬液作对照;
5)在人工肠液中的耐受性测试:取1g微胶囊加入装有99mL人工肠液的三角瓶中,于37℃摇床中震荡处理0,0.5,1,1.5,2h,分别取样后进行活菌计数,测定其溶出情况;
6)连续的胃肠道试验:取1g微胶囊置于9mL胃液中,于37℃、30r/min条件下处理60min后取样进行活菌计数,离心收集微胶囊后加入胆盐溶液,30min后取样进行活菌计数,离心,用生理盐水洗涤后加入肠液,振荡处理60min后取样计数。
微胶囊呈规整的球形结构,粒径分布峰窄而高,并成正态分布,体现出极佳的均一性,与未微胶囊化的两歧双歧杆菌相比,微胶囊化使两歧双歧杆菌在模拟胃液和连续的胃肠液处理过程中的存活量分别提高了2个和3个对数值,经模拟肠液处理 60 min后,微胶囊全部崩解,具有良好的肠溶性,4℃储藏 4 周,微胶囊中活菌数仍能保持在 6.15 ×109cfu/ mL,具有良好的储藏稳定性。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的保护范围内所做的任何修改,等同替换等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、菌种的活化及种子液的制备:将低温保存的双歧杆菌在37℃恒温MRS液体培养基中进行传代培养,经三代培养后的菌液稀释后接种在MRS固体培养基中培养24-48h,挑单菌落接种至MRS液体培养基活化传代2-3的种子液离心洗涤后,得到浓缩菌液低温保存备用;
S2、微胶囊的制备:以海藻酸钠和碳酸钙为壁材,双歧杆菌为囊材,将S1得到的浓缩菌液活化2-3代后收集菌泥,将灭菌后的海藻酸钠溶液、菌泥和碳酸钙溶液混合均匀,加入含有吐温80的大豆油,搅拌乳化后加入含有冰乙酸的大豆油,待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用洗涤介质醋酸盐溶液洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃的条件下储藏;
S3、微胶囊二次包衣:将S2中的单层微胶囊置于壳聚糖溶液中,搅拌静置后过滤收集得到微胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:S2中,海藻酸钠和碳酸钙质量比为1:1-8,冰醋酸加入量200-1000μL,乳化剂加入量200-1000μL,乳化时间为5-25min,搅拌速度200-1000r/min,水油体积比1:1-7。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:S3中的壳聚糖溶液中的壳聚糖浓度为0.2-1%,壳聚糖溶液中的pH为3.5-6.5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中浓缩菌液中活菌浓度至少为109cfu/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述双歧杆菌采用两歧双歧杆菌F-35。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:在S3制得的微胶囊中加入保护剂经过预冷后放入真空冷冻干燥剂保存24h。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于内源乳化的双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述保护剂为脱脂乳、海藻糖、甘油和L-半胱氨酸的混合物,菌泥和保护剂比例为1:2.5,其中海藻糖浓度10%,脱脂乳浓度为15%,甘油浓度3%,L-半胱氨酸浓度2%,得到的活菌浓度至少为7.88×109cfu/mL。
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