CN112262722A - Cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans, which relates to the field of soybean cultivation.A sowing mode adopts a narrow-row close planting technology, two rows of soybeans are planted on a ridge of 32cm, the soybeans are alternately planted, the distance between adjacent seed holes of the soybeans is about 17cm, the seedlings of the soybeans have enough growth space, the alternate sowing mode avoids overlapping of leaves of the seedlings of the soybeans, light and air can enter the bottoms of the seedlings, the light transmittance and the ventilation are strong, and the yield is obviously increased; the mode of alternate sowing is adopted, and the two groups of boot-type sowing heads are arranged in front of each other, so that the seed holes can be uniformly distributed in an alternate mode, and the distance between the seed holes is ensured; the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshare are connected through the locking and adjusting mechanism, so that the front-back distance and the left-right distance between the two groups of sowing plowshares can be changed, the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshares can be adjusted according to sowing requirements and are intersected with a special sowing machine, and the adaptability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans.
Background
At present, the soybean production method is limited in the traditional cultivation method, the planting density is small, the field utilization rate is low, the yield is obviously low, the finished product fruit yield is low, the economic benefit is low, and the land resource waste is caused. The yield of soybeans in developed countries is far higher than the average level in the world, one of the most important factors is that the countries have generally used close planting methods, and soybean production is a medium-input and medium-output industry in terms of soybean production in the developed countries. In the last decade, a major innovation in foreign soybean production has been the popularization and application of transgenic soybeans. Since the 1994 approval of the popularization of glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybeans, the planting area of the transgenic soybeans is rapidly enlarged.
The application document with the patent number of CN105660142B discloses a high-ridge close-planting drip irrigation no-tillage planting method for soybeans, which is a drip irrigation no-tillage planting method for soybeans with one ridge, five lines and one hole, and is characterized in that five lines are sowed on ridge ridges, one ridge and five lines of seedling zones are planted in ridge fields, one hole is planted, 6.29 thousands of plants are planted per mu, the planting density is reasonably improved, the field space is fully utilized, and matched management is added, so that the yield per unit of soybeans is improved, and the economic benefit of soybean planting is increased.
However, the traditional planting mode adopts the mode of planting in rows and columns along the length of the ridge field, so that the land utilization rate is low, the gaps among the grown soybeans are small, ventilation and light transmission are not facilitated, and the yield of the soybeans is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the yield potential of soybeans so as to solve the technical problem.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, namely selecting a soybean variety with lodging resistance, large yield increasing potential, short stems, semi-short stems, plant type convergence, high quality, high yield, high protein and high oil;
s2, seed treatment, namely screening high-quality seeds, and coating the screened seeds, wherein the coating treatment adopts a soybean seed coating agent according to the seed-drug ratio of 1: 260, fully mixing and stirring the soybean seed coating agent and the soybean seeds;
s3, farmland treatment, namely subsoiling the farmland, wherein the scarification depth is not less than 35cm, soil is refined in the subsoiling process, the radius of a soil block is smaller than 2cm, then ridging is carried out, the ridge width is 32cm, the ridge height is 35cm, drip irrigation belts are laid among the ridges, deep fertilization is carried out while ridging is carried out, the fertilizing amount is 70 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1-3kg of urea, pressing is carried out after ridging, drip irrigation is carried out by utilizing the drip irrigation belts, the water content of the soil is 70% -80%, and a sealing agent is added into drip irrigation water while drip irrigation is carried;
s4, sowing, namely sowing the soybean seeds coated in the step S2 alternately by an alternate sowing machine in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the sowing machine starts to sow from the east end or the south end of a farmland, two rows of seeds are sown in each ridge, the sowing row spacing is 12cm, the same row spacing is 17cm, the line between any one seed hole and the adjacent seed hole in the two rows of seeds in the same ridge forms a ridge line clip angle of 45 degrees, the sowing conditions are that the soil temperature is 8-10 ℃, the air temperature is 12-18 ℃, 2-3 plants are planted in each hole, and the planting density is 6.4-8.2 million plants per mu;
s4, deep scarification is carried out in a leaf-compound period of 2-3 pieces after the seeds emerge;
s5, field management is carried out, timely seedling supplement is carried out in the seedling stage, a large amount of irrigation is carried out through droppers pre-buried in S3 in the flowering and pod bearing stage, and the total irrigation amount is 27-30m3Chemical weeding is adopted in the flower bud differentiation period per mu, and pest control treatment is carried out before the pod setting and grain swelling period.
Preferably, the variety of the soybean selected in S1 is one of the following varieties: dengke No. 1, dengke No. 5, or mongolian bean 1137.
Preferably, the soybean seed coating agent in the S2 is a polyfuker soybean seed coating agent, and the soybean seed coating agent comprises the following components: 9 to 11 percent of carbofuran, 9 to 11 percent of thiram, 14 to 16 percent of carbendazim, 9 to 11 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of basic scarlet G, 7 to 9 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of polyethylene glycol, 16 to 20 percent of talcum powder, 15.2 to 30 percent of silicon dioxide powder, and 2.4 percent of zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
The alternative seeder includes the workbin, two horizontal poles of workbin bottom fixed connection, every the horizontal pole rotates and connects a set of boots formula seeding head, and is two sets of the boots formula seeding head passes through locking adjustment mechanism and workbin fixed connection.
Preferably, every group the boot formula seeding head includes a plurality of seeding ploughshare with connecting rod fixed connection, every seeding ploughshare top is passed through hose and workbin intercommunication, the connecting rod passes through the hanging rod and is connected with the horizontal pole rotation.
Preferably, adjust locking mechanical system and include the screw thread section of thick bamboo with horizontal pole threaded connection, the screw thread section of thick bamboo is pegged graft through the inserted cylinder of inserted bar and liquid section of thick bamboo side intercommunication, the inserted bar runs through the fender dish of inserting a section of thick bamboo internal fixation and pressure disk fixed connection, it is provided with the back flow with the liquid section of thick bamboo intercommunication to insert a section of thick bamboo side to be located between fender dish and the pressure disk. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sowing mode adopts a narrow-row close planting technology, two rows of soybeans are planted on a ridge of 32cm, the soybeans are alternately planted, the distance between adjacent seed holes of the soybeans is about 17cm, the seedlings of the soybeans have enough growth space, the leaves of the seedlings of the soybeans are prevented from being overlapped by the alternate sowing mode, light and air can enter the bottoms of the seedlings, the light transmission and ventilation performance is high, and the yield is obviously increased;
2. the mode of alternate sowing is adopted, and the two groups of boot-type sowing heads are arranged in front of each other, so that the seed holes can be uniformly distributed in an alternate mode, and the distance between the seed holes is ensured;
3. the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshare are connected through the locking and adjusting mechanism, so that the front-back distance and the left-right distance between the two groups of sowing plowshares can be changed, the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshares can be adjusted according to sowing requirements and are intersected with a special sowing machine, and the adaptability is high;
4. the locking adjusting mechanism drives the inserting rod to slide relative to the inserting cylinder through the rotation of the threaded cylinder, so that the arc rod of the sliding connection in the driving liquid cylinder moves, the two sets of boot-type seeding heads rotate by a certain angle, the front-back distance of the seeding plowshare is changed, the end part of the threaded cylinder is in contact with the suspension rod, the connecting rod fixedly connected with the suspension rod can move axially relative to the cross rod, the left-right distance of the seeding plowshare is changed, and the seeding plowshare is enabled to keep stable in proportion of the distance between the seed holes in the adjusting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an alternate seeder of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a cross bar, hanger bar, fluid cartridge connection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the threaded cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a fluid cartridge of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a material box; 2. a boot-type seeding head; 21. a connecting rod; 22. plough legs; 3. a suspension rod; 4. a threaded barrel; 41. rotating the ring; 42. inserting a rod; 421. a platen; 43. an internal thread; 44. a baffle ring; 5. a cross bar; 51. connecting threads; 6. a liquid cylinder; 61. a hanging rod; 62. a limiting sleeve; 63. an arc rod; 64. inserting a cylinder; 641. a catch tray; 65. a return port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved objects and the effects of the present invention easily understood, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments are possible. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, namely selecting a soybean variety with lodging resistance, large yield increasing potential, short stems, semi-short stems, plant type convergence, high quality, high yield, high protein and high oil;
s2, seed treatment, namely screening high-quality seeds, and coating the screened seeds, wherein the coating treatment adopts a soybean seed coating agent according to the seed-drug ratio of 1: 260, fully mixing and stirring the soybean seed coating agent and the soybean seeds;
s3, farmland treatment, namely subsoiling the farmland, wherein the scarification depth is not less than 35cm, soil is refined in the subsoiling process, the radius of a soil block is smaller than 2cm, then ridging is carried out, the ridge width is 32cm, the ridge height is 35cm, drip irrigation belts are laid among the ridges, deep fertilization is carried out while ridging is carried out, the fertilizing amount is 70 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1-kg of urea, pressing is carried out after ridging, a drip irrigation belt dropper is utilized, the water content of the soil is 70% -80%, and a sealing agent is added into drip irrigation water while drip irrigation is carried out;
s4, sowing, namely sowing the soybean seeds coated in the step S2 alternately by an alternate sowing machine in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the sowing machine starts to sow from the east end or the south end of a farmland, two rows of seeds are sown in each ridge, the sowing row spacing is 12cm, the same row spacing is 17cm, the line between any one seed hole and the adjacent seed hole in the two rows of seeds in the same ridge forms a ridge line clip angle of 45 degrees, the sowing conditions are that the soil temperature is 8-10 ℃, the air temperature is 12-18 ℃, 2-3 plants are planted in each hole, and the planting density is 6.4-8.2 million plants per mu;
s4, deep scarification is carried out in a leaf-compound period of 2-3 pieces after the seeds emerge;
s5, field management is carried out, timely seedling supplement is carried out in the seedling stage, a large amount of irrigation is carried out through droppers pre-buried in S3 in the flowering and pod bearing stage, and the total irrigation amount is 27-30m3Chemical weeding is adopted in the flower bud differentiation period per mu, and pest control treatment is carried out before the pod setting and grain swelling period.
Selecting a cultivation farmland of 4 mu in a certain soybean planting base of Heilongjiang in 2019 in 5 months, dividing the farmland into four groups, wherein one group is cultivated according to a traditional narrow-row close planting technology, the other three groups are cultivated according to the method, the number of soybean seeds is recorded in the soybean planting process, when soybean seedlings emerge, the number of seedlings is recorded in a multi-point sampling investigation mode, the yield of the soybean is recorded after the soybean seedlings are harvested, and the data shown in the table 1 is obtained:
| group/period | Seeding (Wanli) | Emergence of seedlings (plant) | Harvest (kilogram) |
| First group | 9—10 | 6.8—8.2 | 444 |
| Second group | 9—10 | 6.5—7.2 | 456 |
| Third group | 8—9 | 6.4-7.1 | 430 |
| |
6—8 | 5.3-6.8 | 410 |
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, in the embodiment, the number of seeds is about 25% greater than that of the seeds in the prior art, the average emergence amount per mu is about 7.3 ten thousand plants, which is increased by about 17% compared with the prior art, and the yield is increased by about 9% compared with the yield obtained by the existing narrow row close planting technique in the control group.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-5, the alternative seeder comprises a material box 1, two cross rods 5 are fixedly connected at the bottom of the material box 1, each cross rod 5 is rotatably connected with a group of boot-type seeding heads 2, two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 are fixedly connected with the material box 1 through a locking and adjusting mechanism, each group of boot-type seeding heads 2 comprises a plurality of seeding plows fixedly connected with a connecting rod 21, the top end of each seeding plows is communicated with the material box 1 through a hose, the connecting rod 21 is rotationally connected with the cross rod 5 through the suspension rod 3, the adjusting and locking mechanism comprises a thread cylinder 4 in threaded connection with the cross rod 5, the threaded cylinder 4 is inserted into the insertion cylinder 64 communicated with the side surface of the liquid cylinder 6 through the insertion rod 42, the insertion rod 42 penetrates through the baffle disc 641 fixed in the insertion cylinder 64 and is fixedly connected with the pressure plate 421, a return pipe communicated with the liquid cylinder 6 is arranged on the side surface of the insertion cylinder 64 between the baffle disc 641 and the pressure disc 421.
The alternative seeder comprises two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 which are connected with the lower part of a feed box 1 in tandem, when the alternative seeder is used for seeding, the front-back and left-right intervals between the two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 are fixed, when seeds enter a seeding plowshare through the feed box 1 connected with a hose, the seeds can fall into seed holes with fixed relative positions, the seed holes are uniformly distributed, the bottom end of the feed box 1 is fixedly connected with a cross rod 5, the cross rod 5 is rotatably connected with a suspension rod 3, the bottom end of the suspension rod 3 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 21, one group of the two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 is fixedly connected with the cross rod 5 connected with the suspension rod, the other group of the two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 is slidably connected with the cross rod 5 connected with the suspension rod, when the positions of the two groups of boot-type seeding heads 2 are adjusted, a threaded barrel 4 connected with the cross rod 5 in a sliding way is rotated, the suspension rod 3 has axial sliding allowance relative to the cross rod 5, the threaded, when the screw barrel 4 is rotated, the internal thread 43 at one end of the screw barrel 4 rotates relative to the connecting thread 51 on the cross bar 5 to make the screw barrel 4 move axially, the insert rod 42 is fixed on the rotary ring 41 which is rotatably connected at the outer side of the screw barrel 4, the rotary ring 41 and the screw barrel 4 are axially fixed through the baffle ring 44, the insert rod 42 which is fixedly connected on the rotary ring 41 moves relative to the insert barrel 64, when the insert rod 42 moves towards the inner part of the insert barrel 64, the liquid in the liquid barrel 6 is extruded to be discharged between the inner pressure plate 421 and the baffle plate 641 of the insert barrel 64 through the return port 65, simultaneously, pressure is generated to act on the arc rod 63 which is connected at the end part of the liquid barrel 6, the arc rod 63 slides relative to the liquid barrel 6 which is fixedly connected with the bin 1 through the hanging rod 61, so that the suspension plate which is fixedly connected with the arc rod 63 rotates around the axis of the cross bar 5 to make the boot type seeding head 2 rotate, the two boot type seeding heads 2 rotate relatively or, meanwhile, the left and right spacing is changed, so that the proportion of the spacing between the seed holes is stable, and the adjustment is convenient.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for improving yield potential of soybeans is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, namely selecting a soybean variety with lodging resistance, large yield increasing potential, short stems, semi-short stems, plant type convergence, high quality, high yield, high protein and high oil;
s2, seed treatment, namely screening high-quality seeds, and coating the screened seeds, wherein the coating treatment adopts a soybean seed coating agent according to the seed-drug ratio of 1: 260, fully mixing and stirring the soybean seed coating agent and the soybean seeds;
s3, farmland treatment, namely subsoiling the farmland, wherein the scarification depth is not less than 35cm, soil is refined in the subsoiling process, the radius of a soil block is smaller than 2cm, then ridging is carried out, the ridge width is 32cm, the ridge height is 35cm, drip irrigation belts are laid among the ridges, deep fertilization is carried out while ridging is carried out, the fertilizing amount is 70 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1-3kg of urea, pressing is carried out after ridging, drip irrigation is carried out by utilizing the drip irrigation belts, the water content of the soil is 70% -80%, and a sealing agent is added into drip irrigation water while drip irrigation is carried;
s4, sowing, namely sowing the soybean seeds coated in the step S2 alternately by an alternate sowing machine in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the sowing machine starts to sow from the east end or the south end of a farmland, two rows of seeds are sown in each ridge, the sowing row spacing is 12cm, the same row spacing is 17cm, the line between any one seed hole and the adjacent seed hole in the two rows of seeds in the same ridge forms a ridge line clip angle of 45 degrees, the sowing conditions are that the soil temperature is 8-10 ℃, the air temperature is 12-18 ℃, 2-3 plants are planted in each hole, and the planting density is 6.4-8.2 million plants per mu;
s4, deep scarification is carried out in a leaf-compound period of 2-3 pieces after the seeds emerge;
s5, field management is carried out, timely seedling supplement is carried out in the seedling stage, a large amount of irrigation is carried out through droppers pre-buried in S3 in the flowering and pod bearing stage, and the total irrigation amount is 27-30m3Chemical weeding is adopted in the flower bud differentiation period per mu, and pest control treatment is carried out before the pod setting and grain swelling period.
2. The cultivation method for increasing yield potential of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the variety of the soybean selected in the S1 is one of the following varieties: dengke No. 1, dengke No. 5, or mongolian bean 1137.
3. The cultivation method for increasing yield potential of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the soybean seed coating agent in the S2 is a polyfuker soybean seed coating agent, and the soybean seed coating agent comprises the following components: 9 to 11 percent of carbofuran, 9 to 11 percent of thiram, 14 to 16 percent of carbendazim, 9 to 11 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of basic scarlet G, 7 to 9 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of polyethylene glycol, 16 to 20 percent of talcum powder, 15.2 to 30 percent of silicon dioxide powder, and 2.4 percent of zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
4. The cultivation method for increasing yield potential of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the alternative seeder includes the workbin, two horizontal poles of workbin bottom fixed connection, every the horizontal pole rotates and connects a set of boots formula seeding head, and is two sets of the boots formula seeding head passes through locking adjustment mechanism and workbin fixed connection.
5. The cultivation method for increasing yield potential of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: every group the boot formula seeding head includes a plurality of seeding ploughshare with connecting rod fixed connection, every seeding ploughshare top is passed through hose and workbin intercommunication, the connecting rod passes through the hanging stick and is connected with the horizontal pole rotation.
6. The cultivation method for increasing yield potential of soybean according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the adjusting and locking mechanism comprises a threaded cylinder in threaded connection with the cross rod, the threaded cylinder is connected with an inserting cylinder communicated with the side face of the liquid cylinder through an inserting rod in an inserting mode, the inserting rod penetrates through a blocking disc and a pressure plate which are fixed in the inserting cylinder, and a return pipe communicated with the liquid cylinder is arranged between the blocking disc and the pressure plate and on the side face of the inserting cylinder.
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| CN113079758A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Planting equipment and planting method for increasing yield of soybeans |
| CN114885649A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-12 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Special seeding hopper is planted to banded complex of soybean maize |
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| CN113079758A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Planting equipment and planting method for increasing yield of soybeans |
| CN113079758B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-06-28 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Planting equipment and planting method for improving yield of soybeans |
| CN114885649A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-12 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Special seeding hopper is planted to banded complex of soybean maize |
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