CN112250268A - Biological preparation for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous bottom mud and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological preparation for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous bottom mud and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112250268A CN112250268A CN202011049639.0A CN202011049639A CN112250268A CN 112250268 A CN112250268 A CN 112250268A CN 202011049639 A CN202011049639 A CN 202011049639A CN 112250268 A CN112250268 A CN 112250268A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological agent for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous bottom mud and a preparation method thereof, relates to the field related to degradation of black and odorous bottom mud, and aims to solve the problems that the cooperation effect of microorganisms in currently put compound bacterial liquid is weak, and the environment of the black and odorous bottom mud can limit part of microorganisms to carry out biochemical reaction, so that the degradation effect of the black and odorous bottom mud is weak. The composite bacterial liquid is composed of thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the fly ash is 30-38%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 38-45%, the mass ratio of the protease is 4-7%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 6-10%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 4-7%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase and the cellulase are respectively 4-7%. The treatment process is not easy to repeat, and various biological enzymes are used as catalysts to catalyze biochemical reactions, so that the treatment efficiency of the bacterial liquid is high, and the biological enzymes and the biochemical reaction products of the bacterial liquid can also act synergistically to jointly improve the black and odorous bottom mud.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field related to black and odorous substrate sludge degradation, in particular to a biological agent for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous substrate sludge and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The increasing urban population leads to more and more obvious environmental problems. From the analysis of urban polluted river channels, although China has increased the treatment of urban river channels, the effect is not obvious. The urban polluted river channel not only influences the city appearance of the whole city, but also has certain influence on the life of residents. The black and odorous bottom mud in the river is an extremely complex heterogeneous body consisting of organic fragments, bacterial thalli, inorganic particles, colloids and the like. The main characteristics of the sludge are high water content (up to more than 99 percent), high organic matter content, easy decomposition and stink generation, fine particles, small specific gravity, colloidal liquid state, and thick matter between liquid and solid. The treatment of the black and odorous bottom mud in the river channel not only needs to consume a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, but also needs to have rich experience and certain technology.
Generally, one of three modes of chemical agents, physical aeration and biological feeding is utilized in the treatment process of the black and odorous substrate sludge, wherein the mode of biological feeding for treating the black and odorous substrate sludge is basically microbial feeding, the existing microbial feeding technology is basically mature, but the matching relation among compound strains is weak, the black and odorous substrate sludge is insufficient in illumination and low in oxygen content, and a lot of microbes cannot normally play a role or die due to environment unsuitability; therefore, the market urgently needs to develop a biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud to help people to solve the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biological agent for efficiently degrading aquatic ecological black and odorous bottom mud, and aims to solve the problems that the matching effect of microorganisms in the currently put composite bacterial liquid is weak, the environment of the black and odorous bottom mud can limit part of microorganisms to carry out biochemical reaction, and the degradation effect of the black and odorous bottom mud is weak in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a biological agent for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous bottom mud comprises thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, protease, cellulase, lipase, ligninase and fly ash;
wherein, the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria form a compound bacterial liquid;
the mass ratio of the fly ash is 30-38%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 38-45%, the mass ratio of the protease is 4-7%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 6-10%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 4-7%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase and the cellulase are respectively 4-7%.
Preferably, the biological preparation comprises, by mass, 35% of fly ash, 42% of compound bacterial liquid, 5% of protease, 8% of cellulase, 5% of lipase and 5% of ligninase.
Preferably, the addition ratio of the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria to the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.
preferably, the denitrobacteria uses sulfide as an electron donor and NO as NO under anaerobic conditions3 -As an electron acceptor, autotrophic denitrification is carried out to remove sulfide and nitrate in the black and odorous bottom mud.
Preferably, the bacillus subtilis generates exoenzymes which consume macromolecular organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge and provide nutrition for photosynthetic bacteria, and the exoenzymes generated by the bacillus subtilis are combined with cellulase to synergistically degrade cellulose, carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Preferably, the photosynthetic bacteria are rhodospirillaceae, and the rhodospirillum grows by using organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge to consume the organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge.
Preferably, the yeast carries out treatment on organic matters and matrixes in the black and odorous substrate sludge by treating low-molecular organic matters and easily biodegradable matrixes, and the yeast adsorbs heavy metal ions in the black and odorous substrate sludge in an active adsorption mode and a passive adsorption mode.
Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria metabolize to produce bacteriocins, organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl, which have an inhibitory effect on the growth of gram-positive bacteria, salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella, partially putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
Preferably, the protease, the cellulase, the lipase and the ligninase synergistically decompose refractory organic matters to be used as a catalyst for catalyzing biochemical reaction.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the biological agent are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively taking out strains of the denitrified thiobacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria, scratching a plate on a culture medium for resuscitation, selecting a single colony for inoculation, and carrying out seed culture to obtain each strain seed liquid;
step two: respectively fermenting and culturing seed liquid of thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to obtain thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and preparing into the culture medium according to the following steps of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;
step three: adding the composite bacterial liquid into the sieved fly ash, and mixing and stirring the mixture into slurry;
step four: adding protease, cellulase, lipase and ligninase into the slurry according to a certain proportion, mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
step five: adsorbing the mixed slurry for 1-2 days, and air-drying to fix the microbial bacteria and the catalytic enzyme in the porous structure of the fly ash, thereby obtaining the biological preparation for degrading the water ecological black and odorous bottom mud.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, thiobacillus denitrificans uses sulfide as an electron donor and NO as NO under anaerobic condition3 -As an electron acceptor, autotrophic denitrification is carried out to remove sulfide and nitrate in the black and odorous bottom mud; the bacillus subtilis generates exoenzymes, consumes macromolecular organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge, provides nutrition for photosynthetic bacteria and has a promoting effect on the growth of the photosynthetic bacteria, and the exoenzymes generated by the bacillus subtilis are combined with cellulase to synergistically degrade cellulose, carbohydrates, fat and proteins; the photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodospirillaceae, Rhodospirillum utilizes organic matters in black and odorous bottom sediment to grow, consumes the organic matters in the black and odorous bottom sediment, can degrade the organic matters under the conditions of anaerobic illumination, dark aerobic condition and bright aerobic condition, the required conditions are not as strict as that of common exclusive aerobic bacteria and exclusive anaerobic bacteria, the organic matters can be degraded in the black and odorous bottom sediment with low oxygen content, the oxygen content is improved in the later stage of treatment, and the water body has obvious light irradiation,the method can still play a role and is more suitable for degradation treatment of the black and odorous substrate sludge; the yeast carries out treatment on organic matters and matrix in the black and odorous substrate sludge by treating low molecular organic matters and biodegradable matrix, and the yeast adsorbs heavy metal ions in the black and odorous substrate sludge in two modes of active adsorption and passive adsorption; the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria produces bacteriocin, organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl, which have inhibitory effects on the growth of gram-positive bacteria, salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella, partially putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. The black and odorous substrate sludge is treated by various matrixes, organic matters, heavy metal ions and the like in the black and odorous substrate sludge, and the growth of part of harmful bacteria is inhibited, so that the black and odorous substrate sludge has the effects of simple treatment process, high efficiency and the like.
2. In the invention, the black and odorous substrate sludge is treated by adopting the composite bacterial liquid as a main component for treatment, as the strains in the bacterial liquid grow under certain conditions, compared with chemical agents, the pollution is less, the treatment process is not easy to repeat, and a plurality of biological enzymes are used as catalysts to catalyze biochemical reactions, so that the treatment efficiency of the bacterial liquid is high, and the biological enzymes and the products of the biochemical reactions of the bacterial liquid can also act synergistically to jointly improve the black and odorous substrate sludge.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a biological preparation for efficiently degrading water ecological black and odorous bottom mud comprises thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, protease, cellulase, lipase, ligninase and fly ash; the fly ash is used as a carrier, and can be reused as a waste product, but is not limited to one of the fly ash, and ceramsite, zeolite, diatomite and the like can be used, and can also be mixed for use, and the fly ash is smashed and ground into powder for adding.
Wherein, the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria form a compound bacterial liquid; the strains are main strains, and on the basis, part of the strains are added according to actual various substances in the black and odorous substrate sludge to degrade the black and odorous substrate sludge;
30-38% of fly ash, 38-45% of composite bacterial liquid, 4-7% of protease, 6-10% of cellulase, 4-7% of lipase and 4-7% of ligninase.
Further, the biological preparation comprises, by mass, 35% of fly ash, 42% of compound bacterial liquid, 5% of protease, 8% of cellulase, 5% of lipase and 5% of ligninase.
Further, the adding proportion of the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria to prepare the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1. since thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria can be continuously propagated in a proper environment, all strains are averagely configured.
Further, the preparation steps of the biological agent are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively taking out strains of the denitrified thiobacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria, scratching a plate on a culture medium for resuscitation, selecting a single colony for inoculation, and carrying out seed culture to obtain each strain seed liquid;
step two: respectively fermenting and culturing seed liquid of thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to obtain thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and preparing into the culture medium according to the following steps of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;
step three: adding the composite bacterial liquid into the sieved fly ash, and mixing and stirring the mixture into slurry;
step four: adding protease, cellulase, lipase and ligninase into the slurry according to a certain proportion, mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
step five: adsorbing the mixed slurry for 1-2 days, and air-drying to fix the microbial bacteria and the catalytic enzyme in the porous structure of the fly ash, thereby obtaining the biological preparation for degrading the water ecological black and odorous bottom mud.
Further, thiobacillus denitrificans uses sulfide as an electron donor and NO under anaerobic conditions3 -As an electron acceptor, autotrophic denitrification is carried out to remove sulfide and nitrate in the black and odorous substrate sludge, and the method is mainly used for removing nitrogen and sulfur in the black and odorous substrate sludge.
Furthermore, bacillus subtilis generates exoenzymes, consumes macromolecular organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge and provides nutrition for photosynthetic bacteria, and the exoenzymes generated by the bacillus subtilis are combined with cellulase to synergistically degrade cellulose, carbohydrates, fat and protein, have coordination with other components and can play a better degradation role.
Furthermore, the photosynthetic bacteria are rhodospirillaceae, the rhodospirillum grows by utilizing the organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge, consumes the organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge, can degrade the organic matters under the conditions of anaerobic illumination, dark aerobic condition and bright and aerobic condition, the required condition is not as strict as that of common special aerobic bacteria and special anaerobic bacteria, and the organic matters can be degraded in the black and odorous substrate sludge with low oxygen content. Under the condition of no organic matter, the light energy can be utilized to fix carbon dioxide to fix the organic matter; under the condition of organic matter, it can utilize organic matter to make growth. In the early stage of treatment, because the black and odorous sediment is basically coexisted in water eutrophication, the black and odorous sediment receives less light energy and can grow by using organic matters, and under the condition that the later-stage treatment has a certain effect, the light energy exists, and the light energy is used for fixing the carbon dioxide to fix the organic matters, so that the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the treatment can be accurately played.
Further, the yeast carries out treatment on organic matters and matrix in the black and odorous substrate sludge by treating low molecular organic matters and the biodegradable matrix, and the yeast adsorbs heavy metal ions in the black and odorous substrate sludge in two modes of active adsorption and passive adsorption.
Further, the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria produces bacteriocin, organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl, which have an inhibitory effect on the growth of gram-positive bacteria, salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella, partially putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
Furthermore, protease, cellulase, lipase and ligninase synergistically decompose refractory organic matters to be used as a catalyst for catalyzing biochemical reaction. Because animals and plants in the water body swallow the content that can reduce the microorganism, microorganism puts in and can be influenced by original microorganism in the water body, and the stock state, the action state of microorganism in the water body are unstable, therefore the use of biological enzyme can accelerate the microorganism and carry out biochemical reaction, and quick effect makes the microorganism grow fast and breed to improve treatment effeciency.
Example 1
1. The mass ratio of the fly ash is 30%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 42%, the mass ratio of the protease is 5%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 8%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 5%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase are 5% respectively. The addition proportion of the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria to prepare the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.
2. the preparation steps of the biological agent are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively taking out strains of the denitrified thiobacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria, scratching a plate on a culture medium for resuscitation, selecting a single colony for inoculation, and carrying out seed culture to obtain each strain seed liquid;
step two: respectively fermenting and culturing seed liquid of thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to obtain thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and preparing into the culture medium according to the following steps of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;
step three: adding the composite bacterial liquid into the sieved fly ash, and mixing and stirring the mixture into slurry;
step four: adding protease, cellulase, lipase and ligninase into the slurry according to a certain proportion, mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
step five: adsorbing the mixed slurry for 1-2 days, and air-drying to fix the microbial bacteria and the catalytic enzyme in the porous structure of the fly ash, thereby obtaining the biological preparation for degrading the water ecological black and odorous bottom mud.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the mass ratio of the fly ash is 30%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 45%, the mass ratio of the protease is 4%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 10%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 4%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase and the cellulase are 7% respectively. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the mass ratio of the fly ash is 38%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 38%, the mass ratio of the protease is 7%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 6%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 4%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase are 7% respectively. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the mass percentage of the fly ash is 36%, the mass percentage of the composite bacterial liquid is 42%, the mass percentage of the protease is 5%, the mass percentage of the cellulase is 7%, the mass percentage of the lipase is 6%, and the mass percentage of the ligninase is 4%. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The biological preparation for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud is characterized by comprising thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, protease, cellulase, lipase, ligninase and fly ash;
wherein, the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria form a compound bacterial liquid;
the mass ratio of the fly ash is 30-38%, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid is 38-45%, the mass ratio of the protease is 4-7%, the mass ratio of the cellulase is 6-10%, the mass ratio of the lipase is 4-7%, and the mass ratios of the ligninase and the cellulase are respectively 4-7%.
2. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biological preparation comprises, by mass, 35% of fly ash, 42% of composite bacterial liquid, 5% of protease, 8% of cellulase, 5% of lipase and 5% of ligninase.
3. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the addition proportion of the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria to prepare the thiobacillus denitrificans, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.
4. the biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thiobacillus denitrificans uses sulfide as an electron donor and NO as NO under anaerobic conditions3 -As an electron acceptor, autotrophic denitrification is carried out to remove sulfide and nitre in black and odorous bottom mudAn acid salt.
5. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bacillus subtilis generates exoenzymes, consumes macromolecular organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge and provides nutrition for photosynthetic bacteria, and the exoenzymes generated by the bacillus subtilis are combined with cellulase to synergistically degrade cellulose, carbohydrates, fat and proteins.
6. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodospirillaceae, and Rhodospirillum grows by using organic matters in black and odorous substrate sludge to consume the organic matters in the black and odorous substrate sludge.
7. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the yeast carries out treatment on organic matters and matrix in the black and odorous substrate sludge by treating low molecular organic matters and biodegradable matrix, and the yeast adsorbs heavy metal ions in the black and odorous substrate sludge in two modes of active adsorption and passive adsorption.
8. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the metabolism of the lactic acid bacteria produces bacteriocin, organic acid, hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl, which have an inhibitory effect on the growth of gram-positive bacteria, salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella, partially putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
9. The biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of water according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the protease, the cellulase, the lipase and the ligninase synergistically decompose refractory organic matters and are used as a catalyst to catalyze biochemical reaction.
10. The preparation method of the biological agent for efficiently degrading the ecological black and odorous bottom mud of the water of claim 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: respectively taking out strains of the denitrified thiobacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the photosynthetic bacteria, the microzyme and the lactic acid bacteria, scratching a plate on a culture medium for resuscitation, selecting a single colony for inoculation, and carrying out seed culture to obtain each strain seed liquid;
step two: respectively fermenting and culturing seed liquid of thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria to obtain thiobacillus denitrificans, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and preparing into the culture medium according to the following steps of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 to obtain a compound bacterial liquid;
step three: adding the composite bacterial liquid into the sieved fly ash, and mixing and stirring the mixture into slurry;
step four: adding protease, cellulase, lipase and ligninase into the slurry according to a certain proportion, mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
step five: adsorbing the mixed slurry for 1-2 days, and air-drying to fix the microbial bacteria and the catalytic enzyme in the porous structure of the fly ash, thereby obtaining the biological preparation for degrading the water ecological black and odorous bottom mud.
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| CN113121021A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 无锡碧泓达环境科技有限公司 | Medicament for rapidly removing black and odor of river channel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113562948A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-29 | 青岛威羽山环保科技有限公司 | Biological agent capable of decomposing bottom mud and preparation process thereof |
| CN114772883A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-07-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Treatment method of black and odorous water body bottom mud and application of black and odorous water body bottom mud in preparation of baking-free bricks |
| CN114772883B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-09-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Treatment method of black and odorous water body substrate sludge and application of black and odorous water body substrate sludge in preparation of baking-free bricks |
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